| dbpedia-owl:abstract
|
- La República Àrab Siriana o Síria (en àrab الجمهوريّة العربيّة السّوريّة, al-Jumhūriyya al-ʿArabiyya al-Sūriyya o سوريا, Sūriyā) és un estat de l'Orient Mitjà situat al sud de Turquia, a l'oest de l'Iraq i al nord de Jordània, Israel i el Líban. Té, a més, una façana marítima banyada pel Mediterrani a ponent. Síria posseeix una població de 19 milions d'habitants, la majoria dels quals parlen l'àrab. A més la majoria de la població professa l'islam, sent el sunnisme el grup musulmà majoritari. Entre els musulmans no sunnites a Síria hi ha els drusos, alawites i xiïtes. Hi ha a Síria minories de les ètnies assíria, armènia, turca i kurda al costat de milers de refugiats palestins. Des de l'any 1963, el Partit del Renaixement Àrab Socialista o Baas, governa Síria sota la declaratòria de l'estat d'emergència i des del 1970 el president de Síria ha pertangut a la família Assad, en l'actualitat el president és Bashar al-Assad, fill de Hafez al-Assad, qui va regir els destins del país des del 1970 fins a la seva mort l'any 2000. La constitució del 1973 defineix oficialment a Síria com un estat socialista laic reconeixent a l'Islam com a religió majoritària. Síria és un estat membre de la Lliga Àrab i de la Organització de les Nacions Unides.
- Sýrie, oficiálním názvem Syrská arabská republika (arabsky الجمهورية العربية السورية, Al-džumhúríja al-`Arabíja as-Súríja), je stát v jihozápadní Asii, řazený k zemím Blízkého východu – v jeho rámci spadá jak do území Mezopotámie, tak do Levanty. Hlavní město je Damašek. Zemí protéká řeka Eufrat a částečně i hraniční Tigris. Sýrie na severu a severozápadě hraničí s Tureckem (822 km), na východě s Irákem (605 km), na jihu s Jordánskem (375 km). S Izraelem (76 km) pak sousedí na jihozápadě a s Libanonem (375 km) na západě. Menší část západní hranice omývá Středozemní moře. Dle odhadů z roku 2010 zde žije 22,5 milionu obyvatel. Velkou část obyvatelstva představují sunnité, existuje zde ale i významná ší'itská menšina, především alavitů, jejichž příslušníci mají v rámci státu dominantní postavení. Nacházejí se zde také různé křesťanské církve a malé židovské komunity. Etnickým složením je velká část Syřanů arabského původu, existuje zde také významná menšina Kurdů. Moderní syrský stát byl ustanoven jako Francouzské mandátní území, které roku 1946 dosáhlo nezávislosti jako parlamentní republika. Po vyhlášení nezávislosti nasledovalo několik vojenských převratů. V letech 1962 až 2011 platil v Sýrii výjimečný stav, který pozastavoval platnost občanských práv syrských občanů, tento systém byl označen jako nedemokratický. V letech 1971 až 2000 byl prezidentem Sýrie Háfiz al-Asad po jeho smrti se prezidentem stal jeho syn Bašár al-Asad, oba jsou představitelé strany Bass, která si od vojenského převratu v roce 1963 udržuje dominantní postavení v zemi. Od března 2011 je Sýrie zasažena vlnami demonstrací, které se vláda a ozbrojené síly snaží potlačit násilnými metodami. Syrská ekonomika je charakteristická rozsáhlým státním sektorem, který trpí přezaměstnaností a neefektivitou. Určitý prostor je v rámci Sýrie vyhrazen i soukromému podnikání. Formálně má Sýrie demokratické republikánské zřízení, v praxi se však jedná o autoritářský systém s politickou mocí soustředěnou do rukou jedné vládnoucí strany. Jsou porušována lidská práva, v zemi funguje síť tajných služeb zaměřená na perzekuci opozice. Armáda má na dění v zemi významný vliv a zapojuje se i do některých projektů v civilním sektoru, například zdravotnictví a veřejných prací. Sýrie disponuje jednou z nejsilnějších vojenských sil v regionu.
- Syrien (amtlich Arabische Republik Syrien, arabisch الجمهورية العربية السورية al-Dschumhūriyya al-ʿarabiyya as-sūriyya) ist ein Staat in Vorderasien und Teil des Maschrek. Syrien grenzt im Süden an Israel und Jordanien, im Westen an den Libanon und das Mittelmeer, im Norden an die Türkei und im Osten an den Irak. Die Insel Zypern befindet sich nicht weit von der syrischen Küste entfernt. Mit rund 185.000 Quadratkilometern ist Syrien ungefähr halb so groß wie Deutschland.
- Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest. In English, the name Syria was formerly synonymous with the Levant, known in Arabic as Sham, while the modern state encompasses the sites of several ancient kingdoms and empires, including the Eblan civilization of the third millennium BC. In the Islamic era, its capital city, Damascus, the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world, was the seat of the Umayyad Caliphate, and a provincial capital of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt. The population of Syria is 74% Sunni, 12% Alawi, 10% Christian, and 3% Druze. Combined, 87% of the Syrian population is Muslim, while the other 10% is Christian, which includes mainly Arab Christians but also Assyrians and Armenians. Major ethnic minorities in Syria include Kurds (9%), Assyrians, Armenians, Turkmens and Circassians. The majority of the population is Arab (90%). The modern Syrian state was established after the First World War as a French mandate, and represented the largest Arab state to emerge from the formerly Ottoman-ruled Arab Levant. It gained independence in April 1946, as a parliamentary republic. The post-independence period was tumultuous, and a large number of military coups and coup attempts shook the country in the period 1949–1971. Between 1958 and 1961, Syria entered a brief union with Egypt, which was terminated by a military coup in Syria. Syria was under Emergency Law from 1963 to 2011, effectively suspending most constitutional protections for citizens, and its system of government is considered to be non-democratic. Bashar al-Assad has been president since 2000 and was preceded by his father Hafez al-Assad, who was in office from 1971. Since 2011, the Syrian government has faced massive protests as part of the Arab Spring, has been suspended from the Arab League and has faced widespread criticism for its crackdown on protestors and armed groups which has resulted in thousands of casualties, according to the opposition. The Friends of Syria Group, a collection of Arab and Western governments opposed to the Assad government, recognized the Syrian National Council as "a legitimate representative" of Syrians protesting against the government. In addition, in late May 2012, a number of countries expelled Syrian diplomats in response to the Houla massacre, the execution of over 90 people in an attack that in total killed 108 people (among which 49 children and 34 women).
- Para otros usos de este término, véase Siria (desambiguación). Para el artículo sobre la guerra contra Al Assad, véase Rebelión en Siria de 2011-2012. الجمهوريّة العربيّة السّوريّةAl-Jumhūriyya al-`Arabiyya as-SūriyyaRepública Árabe Siria Bandera de Siria Escudo de Siria Lema: Ninguno Himno: Homat el Diyar Situación de Siria Capital(y ciudad más poblada) Damasco Idiomas oficiales Árabe Gentilicio Sirio, -a Forma de gobierno República semipresidencialista PresidentePrimer Ministro Bashar al-AssadAdel Safar Independencia • Declarada • Reconocida De Francia1 de enero de 194417 de abril de 1946 Superficie • Total • % aguaFronteras Puesto 87º185,180 km²0,063.098 km Población total • Total • Densidad Puesto 55º19.405.00099 hab/km² IDH (2010) 0,589 – medio Moneda Libra siria Huso horario • en verano UTC+2UTC+3 Código ISO 760 / SYR / SY Dominio de Internet . sy Prefijo telefónico +963 Prefijo radiofónico Miembro de: ONU, LA Siria, oficialmente, la República Árabe Siria (الجمهوريّة العربيّة السّوريّة Al-Jumhūriyya al-`Arabiyya as-Sūriyya), es un país del Oriente Medio, en la orilla oriental del mar Mediterráneo, que comparte fronteras con Turquía por el norte, Iraq por el este, Israel y Jordania al sur, y Líbano por el oeste. Siria es un estado miembro de la Liga Árabe, y de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas. Siria posee una población de 19 millones de habitantes, la mayoría de los cuales hablan árabe. Además la mayoría de la población profesa el islam, siendo el sunismo el grupo musulmán mayoritario. Entre los musulmanes no sunnitas en Siria están los drusos, alawitas y chiitas. Hay en Siria minorías de las etnias asiria, armenia, turca y kurda junto a miles de refugiados palestinos. Desde el año 1963, el Partido del Renacimiento Árabe Socialista o Baaz, gobierna Siria bajo la declaratoria de estado de emergencia y desde 1970 el presidente de Siria ha pertenecido a la Familia Assad, en la actualidad el Presidente es Bashar al-Assad, hijo de Hafez al-Assad, quien rigió los destinos del país desde 1970 hasta su muerte en el año 2000. La constitución de 1973 define oficialmente a Siria como un estado socialista laico reconociendo al Islam como religión mayoritaria.
- Syyrian arabitasavalta eli Syyria on Lähi-idän valtio. Syyria rajautuu etelässä Jordaniaan ja Israeliin, lännessä Libanoniin ja Välimereen, pohjoisessa Turkkiin ja idässä Irakiin. Se on osa Levantin aluetta. Maan nykyinen nimi pohjautuu muinaisten kreikkalaisten ja roomalaisten siitä käyttämään nimeen, joka puolestaan saattaa pohjautua babylonian sanaan suri. Maa sijaitsee Välimeren itäpäässä, ja siellä on noin 22 miljoonaa asukasta. Syyria on sotinut useasti naapuriensa Israelin ja Libanonin kanssa, ja Yhdysvallat on julistanut sen osaksi pahan akselia ja taloussaartoon vuonna 2002. Syyriassa puhkesi vuonna 2011 yhä jatkuvia, hallitusta mm. ihmisoikeusrikkomusten vuoksi vastustavia mellakoita, jotka hallituksen alaiset joukot ovat pyrkineet tukahduttamaan järeitä voimakeinoja käyttämällä.
- La Syrie, en forme longue la République arabe syrienne, en arabe Sūriyyah, سوريا et Al-Jumhūriyyah al-‘Arabīyyah as-Sūriyyah, الجمهورية العربية السورية, est un pays arabe du Proche-Orient situé sur la côte orientale de la Méditerranée : le bassin Levantin. La Syrie se nommait jusqu'au XIX siècle Bilad al-Cham (بلاد الشام). Cette région fut un temps regroupée, comprenant la Syrie actuelle, le Liban actuel, la Jordanie actuelle et la Palestine. Durant l'Antiquité, ces pays étaient distinctement la Phénicie, la Palestine, l’Assyrie et une partie de la Mésopotamie occidentale.
- Szíria (arabul سوريا – Sūriyā vagy سورية – Sūriya, ejtsd Szúrija, régebben használatos elnevezése الشام – aš-Šām – as-Sám) egy Magyarországnál csaknem kétszer nagyobb területű ország Délnyugat-Ázsiában, a Közel-Keleten. Muszlim arab állam jelentős keresztény vallási és kurd, örmény, illetve asszír nemzeti kisebbségekkel. A tágabban értelmezett, döntően mindig is sémi lakosságú szíriai térség – melybe Fönícia és Palesztina területe is beletartozik – hosszú története során szemtanúja volt az ember letelepülésének, majd pozíciója révén fontos kereskedelmi utak kereszteződése, illetve kultúrák és birodalmak ütközőpontja volt az egész ókorban és a középkorban is. Történelmének viszonylag nyugalmas időszakát az Oszmán Birodalomban eltöltött mintegy 400 év jelentette 1517-től 1918-ig, de a 20. században, a Közel-Kelet folytonos válságában ismét meghatározó jelentőségű színtérré, az 1946-ban függetlenedő szíriai arab állam pedig főszereplővé vált.
- La Repubblica Araba di Siria arabo: الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūriyya al-ʿArabiyya al-Sūriyya, o semplicemente Siria arabo: سوريا, Sūriyya, è uno Stato del Vicino Oriente, grande 185.180 km², con 23.695.000 abitanti. La sua capitale è Damasco. Confina a nord con la Turchia, a est con l'Iraq, a sud con la Giordania, a ovest con Israele e Libano. Sempre a ovest si affaccia sul Mar Mediterraneo. La Siria è una repubblica presidenziale. La lingua ufficiale è quella araba. In italiano il nome Siria proviene dal greco Συρία (Syrìa); ma un tempo era diffusa anche la forma Sorìa, presa dal nome arabo del paese. Oggi di questa forma rimane traccia solo nella denominazione del gatto soriano. Dal 1963 il paese è governato dal partito Ba'th; il capo di Stato dal 1970 è un membro della famiglia Asad. L'attuale Presidente della Siria è Bashar al-Asad, figlio di Hafiz al-Asad, che ha mantenuto il potere dal 1970 sino alla sua morte nel 2000. Dalla Guerra dei sei giorni del 1967, Israele occupa le Alture del Golan. Nel corso del 2011 sono scoppiate delle sommosse popolari, nel più ampio contesto della primavera araba, e l'attuale governo della Libia ha ufficialmente interrotto le relazioni con il governo della Siria, a favore del Consiglio nazionale siriano. Secondo le stime dell'ONU, a marzo 2012 il bilancio delle sommosse popolari è arrivato a 8.000 morti.
- シリア・アラブ共和国（シリア・アラブきょうわこく）、通称シリアは、中東・西アジアの共和制国家。北にトルコ、東にイラク、南にヨルダン、西にレバノン、南西にイスラエルと国境を接し、北西は東地中海に面する。首都はダマスカス。 「シリア」という言葉は、現在の国家ではなく、周辺のレバノンやパレスチナを含めた地域（歴史的シリア、大シリア、ローマ帝国のシリア属州）を指すこともある。
- 시리아는 중동에 있는 공화국이다. 수도는 다마스쿠스이다.
- Syrië, officieel de Arabische Republiek Syrië, is een land in het Midden-Oosten. Het grenst in het westen aan de Middellandse Zee, in het noorden aan Turkije, in het oosten en zuidoosten aan Irak, in het zuiden aan Jordanië en in het zuidwesten aan Libanon en Israël. Een deel van Syrië, de Golanhoogvlakte, is door Israël bezet. De Eufraat doorsnijdt het land van noordwest naar zuidoost. De president van Syrië is Bashar al-Assad, die zijn vader Hafez al-Assad na diens dood in 2000 opvolgde. De hoofdstad is Damascus. Andere grote steden zijn Aleppo, Homs, Hama en Latakia. Syrië behoort tot de Arabische Liga maar is geschorst per 16 november 2011.
- Syria, eller Den arabiske republikk Syria, er en arabisk stat i Midtøsten. Den grenser i nord til Tyrkia, i øst til Irak, i sør til Jordan og i vest til Libanon, Israel og Middelhavet. De syriske Golanhøydene er okkupert av Israel siden seksdagerskrigen i 1967. Hovedstad og største by er Damaskus, andre betydelige byer er Aleppo og Homs.
- Syria, nazwa oficjalna: Syryjska Republika Arabska (arab. الجمهورية العربية السورية, transk. Al-Dżumhurijja al-Arabijja as-Surijja) – arabskie państwo na Bliskim Wschodzie, graniczące z Turcją (822 km), Irakiem (605 km), Jordanią (375 km), Libanem (375 km) i Izraelem (76 km). Długość wybrzeża wynosi 193 km. Najwyższym punktem jest Hermon. Konstytucja pochodzi z 13 marca 1973 roku.
- Síria, oficialmente República Árabe da Síria, é um país árabe no Sudoeste Asiático, e faz fronteira com o Líbano e o Mar Mediterrâneo a oeste, Israel no sudoeste, Jordânia no sul, Iraque a leste, e Turquia no norte. O nome Síria, antigamente, compreendia toda a região do Levante, enquanto atualmente abrange os locais de antigos reinos e impérios, incluindo as civilizações de Ebla do III milênio a.C. Na era islâmica, sua capital, Damasco, foi a capital do Império Omíada e a capital provincial do Império Mameluco. Damasco é largamente reconhecida como uma das do mundo. A Síria de hoje foi criada como mandato francês e obteve sua independência em Abril de 1946, como uma república parlamentar. O pós-independência foi instável, e um grande número de golpes militares e tentativas de golpe sacudiram o país no período entre 1949-1970. Síria esteve sob Estado de sítio desde 1962, que efetivamente suspendeu a maioria das proteções constitucionais aos cidadãos. O país vem sendo governado pelo Partido Baath desde 1963, embora o poder atual esteja concentrado na presidência e um pequeno grupo de políticos e militares autoritários. O atual presidente da Síria é Bashar al-Assad, filho de Hafez al-Assad, que governou de 1970 até sua morte em 2000. Síria tem uma grande participação regional, particularmente através do seu papel central no conflito árabe com Israel, que desde 1967 ocupou as Colinas de Golã, e pelo envolvimento ativo nos assuntos libaneses e palestinos. A população predominante é de muçulmanos sunitas, mas com uma significante população de Alauitas, Drusos e minorias cristãs. Desde a década de 1960, oficiais militares Alauitas tem dominado o cenário político do país. Etnicamente, cerca de 90% da população é árabe, e o estado é governado pelo Partido Baath de acordo com princípios nacionalistas árabes, dos quais aproximadamente 10% pertencem à minoria curda.
- Сири́йская Ара́бская Респу́блика (араб. الجمهورية العربية السورية‎‎, аль-Джумхури́йя аль-Араби́йя ас-Сури́йя) — государство на Ближнем Востоке, граничащее с Ливаном и Израилем на юго-западе, с Иорданией на юге, с Ираком на востоке и с Турцией на севере. Омывается Средиземным морем на западе. Население Сирии составляет 20,2 млн человек (по данным на 2009 год). Более половины сирийцев — сунниты, однако в стране присутствуют значительные общины шиитов-двунадесятников, исмаилитов-низаритов и алавитов (16 %), разных направлений христианства (10 %) и исмаилитов. Государственный язык — арабский. С 1963 года республика находится под управлением партии «Баас». Современная государственность Сирии насчитывает немногим более 60 лет, но цивилизация зародилась здесь ещё в четвёртом тысячелетии до нашей эры. Столица — Дамаск, один из древнейших постоянно заселённых городов мира. По утверждению Бедекера, Дамаск — древнейшая из существующих сейчас столиц мира.
- Syrien, formellt Arabrepubliken Syrien, är en stat i Mellanöstern. Landets huvudstad är Damaskus. Landet gränsar mot Jordanien, Libanon, Irak, Turkiet och Israel, varav sistnämnda stat ockuperar delar av landet.
- Сирійська Арабська республіка (араб. الجمهورية العربية السورية, аль-Джумхурі́йя аль-Арабі́йя ас-Сурі́йя) — країна на заході Азії на узбережжі Середземного моря. Столиця Дамаск. На 1990 рік населення становить 12471 тисяч осіб.
- Syria, tên chính thức Cộng hoà Ả Rập Syria, là một quốc gia ở Tây Á, giáp biên giới với Liban và Biển Địa Trung Hải ở phía tây, Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ ở phía bắc, Iraq ở phía đông, Jordan ở phía nam, và Israel ở phía tây nam. Cái tên Syria trước kia gồm toàn bộ vùng Levant, trong khi nhà nước hiện đại bao gồm địa điểm của nhiều vương quốc và đế chế cổ, gồm cả nền văn minh Ebla từ thiên niên kỷ thứ ba trước Công Nguyên. Trong thời kỳ Hồi giáo, thành phố thủ đô, Damascus, là nơi đóng đô của Đế chế Umayyad và là một thủ phủ tỉnh của Đế chế Mamluk. Damascus được nhiều người coi là một trong những thành phố có người cư trú liên tục cổ nhất thế giới. Nước Syria hiện đại được thành lập như một vùng uỷ trị của Pháp và giành được độc lập tháng 4 năm 1946, như một nhà nước cộng hoà nghị viện. Giai đoạn hậu độc lập khá bất ổn, và nhiều cuộc đảo chính quân sự và các âm mưu đảo chính đã làm rung chuyển đất nước trong giai đoạn 1949-1970. Syria đã ở dưới một Luật Khẩn cấp từ năm 1962, hoàn toàn ngừng mọi việc bảo vệ hiến pháp cho các công dân và hệ thống chính phủ của nó bị coi là phi dân chủ. Nước này đã nằm dưới sự lãnh đạo của Đảng Baath từ năm 1963, mặc dù quyền lực thực tế tập trung ở trong tay tổng thống và một nhóm nhỏ những quan chức quân sự và chính trị. Tổng thống hiện thời của Syria là Bashar al-Assad, người đã giành thắng lợi trong một cuộc trưng cầu dân ý kéo dài thời gian làm tổng thống của ông thêm một nhiệm kỳ nữa, với 97.62% phiếu bầu năm 2007 và là con trai của Hafez al-Assad, người giữ chức vụ này từ năm 1970 cho tới khi ông chết năm 2000. Syria đã đóng một vai trò quan trọng trong khu vực, đặc biệt nhờ vị trí trung tâm của nó trong cuộc xung đột Ả Rập Israel, từ năm 1967 Israel đã chiếm Cao nguyên Golan của nước này, và bởi sự tham gia tích cực vào các công việc tại Liban và Palestine. Dân số chủ yếu là tín đồ Hồi giáo Sunni, nhưng có số lượng các cộng đồng thiểu số Alawite, Shia, Thiên chúa giáo và Druze đáng kể. Từ thập niên 1960, các sĩ quan quân sự Alawite đã có ý định thống trị chính trị đất nước. Theo sắc tộc, khoảng 80% dân số là người Ả Rập, và nhà nước do Đảng Baath lãnh đạo theo các nguyên tắc quốc gia Ả Rập, trong khi xấp xỉ 20% thuộc các sắc tộc thiểu số Kurd, Armenia, Assyria, Turkmen, và Circassia.
- 阿拉伯叙利亚共和国（阿拉伯语：الجمهوريّة العربيّة السّوريّة；阿拉米语：ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ ܥܪܒܝܬܐ ܫܐܡܝܬܐ ），简称叙利亚，位于亚洲西部，地中海东岸，属于中东国家，首都大马士革。叙国北与土耳其接壤，东同伊拉克交界，南与约旦毗连，西南同黎巴嫩和以色列为邻，西濒地中海。1944年1月1日宣布独立，1946年4月7日被世界认可为正式独立国家，现任总统巴沙尔·阿萨德（Bashar al-Assad，2000年7月1日宣誓就职），总理阿德尔·萨法尔（2011年4月3日任职）。
- Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest. In English, the name Syria was formerly synonymous with the Levant, known in Arabic as al-Sham, while the modern state encompasses the sites of several ancient kingdoms and empires, including the Eblan civilization of the third millennium BC. In the Islamic era, its capital city, Damascus, the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world, was the seat of the Umayyad Caliphate, and a provincial capital of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt. The modern Syrian state was established after the First World War as a French mandate, and represented the largest Arab state to emerge from the formerly Ottoman-ruled Arab Levant. It gained independence in April 1946, as a parliamentary republic. The post-independence period was tumultuous, and a large number of military coups and coup attempts shook the country in the period 1949–1971. Between 1958 and 1961, Syria entered a brief union with Egypt, which was terminated by a military coup. Syria was under Emergency Law from 1963 to 2011, effectively suspending most constitutional protections for citizens, and its system of government is considered to be non-democratic. Bashar al-Assad has been president since 2000 and was preceded by his father Hafez al-Assad, who was in office from 1971. Syria is a member of one International organization other than the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement; it is currently suspended from the Arab League, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and self suspended from the Union for the Mediterranean. Since March 2011, Syria has been embroiled in civil war in the wake of uprisings (considered an extension of the Arab Spring, the mass movement of revolutions and protests in the Arab world) against Assad and the neo-Ba'athist government. This conflict has resulted in sanctions against Syria by the international community aimed at trade and government officials by the countries of the Arab League, Australia, Canada, the European Union, Georgia, Japan, Turkey, and the United States. In November 2012, Syrian opposition groups formed an umbrella organisation known as the National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces. This body has been recognised as the "legitimate representative of the Syrian people" member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council and by France, Turkey and the United Kingdom. It is acknowledged as a "representative of the aspirations of the Syrian people" by the Arab League and the European Union, and as "a legitimate representative of the Syrian people" by the United States.
- Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest. In English, the name Syria was formerly synonymous with the Levant, known in Arabic as al-Sham, while the modern state encompasses the sites of several ancient kingdoms and empires, including the Eblan civilization of the third millennium BC. In the Islamic era, its capital city, Damascus, the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world, was the seat of the Umayyad Caliphate, and a provincial capital of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt. The modern Syrian state was established after the First World War as a French mandate, and represented the largest Arab state to emerge from the formerly Ottoman-ruled Arab Levant. It gained independence in April 1946, as a parliamentary republic. The post-independence period was tumultuous, and a large number of military coups and coup attempts shook the country in the period 1949–1971. Between 1958 and 1961, Syria entered a brief union with Egypt, which was terminated by a military coup. Syria was under Emergency Law from 1963 to 2011, effectively suspending most constitutional protections for citizens, and its system of government is considered to be non-democratic. Bashar al-Assad has been president since 2000 and was preceded by his father Hafez al-Assad, who was in office from 1971. Syria is a member of one International organization other than the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement; it is currently suspended from the Arab League, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and self suspended from the Union for the Mediterranean. Since March 2011, Syria has been embroiled in civil war in the wake of uprisings (considered an extension of the Arab Spring, the mass movement of revolutions and protests in the Arab world) against Assad and the neo-Ba'athist government. This conflict has resulted in sanctions against Syria by the international community aimed at trade and government officials by the countries of the Arab League, Australia, Canada, the European Union, Georgia, Japan, Turkey, and the United States. In November 2012, syrian opposition groups formed an umbrella organisation known as the National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces. This body has been recognised as the "legitimate representative of the Syrian people" by France, Turkey and the member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council so far. It is acknowledged as a "representative of aspirations of the Syrian people" by the Arab League and as "a legitimate representative of the Syrian people" by the United States.
- Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south and Israel to the southwest. In English, the name Syria was formerly synonymous with the Levant, known in Arabic as al-Sham, while the modern state encompasses the sites of several ancient kingdoms and empires, including the Eblan civilization of the third millennium BC. In the Islamic era, its capital city, Damascus, the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world, was the seat of the Umayyad Caliphate, and a provincial capital of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt. The modern Syrian state was established after the First World War as a French mandate, and represented the largest Arab state to emerge from the formerly Ottoman-ruled Arab Levant. It gained independence in April 1946, as a parliamentary republic. The post-independence period was tumultuous, and a large number of military coups and coup attempts shook the country in the period 1949–1971. Between 1958 and 1961, Syria entered a brief union with Egypt, which was terminated by a military coup. Syria was under Emergency Law from 1963 to 2011, effectively suspending most constitutional protections for citizens, and its system of government is considered to be non-democratic. Bashar al-Assad has been president since 2000 and was preceded by his father Hafez al-Assad, who was in office from 1971. Syria is a member of one International organization other than the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement; it is currently suspended from the Arab League, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and self suspended from the Union for the Mediterranean. Since March 2011, Syria has been embroiled in civil war in the wake of uprisings (considered an extension of the Arab Spring, the mass movement of revolutions and protests in the Arab world) against Assad and the neo-Ba'athist government. This conflict has resulted in sanctions against Syria by the international community aimed at trade and government officials by the countries of the Arab League, Australia, Canada, the European Union, Georgia, Japan, Turkey, and the United States. In November 2012, Syrian opposition groups formed an umbrella organisation known as the National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces. This body has been recognised as the "legitimate representative of the Syrian people" by member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council and by France, Turkey and the United Kingdom. It is acknowledged as a "representative of the aspirations of the Syrian people" by the Arab League and the European Union, and as "a legitimate representative of the Syrian people" by the United States.
- Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south and Israel to the southwest. A country of fertile plains, high mountains and deserts, it is home to diverse ethnic and religious groups, including Kurds, Armenians, Assyrians, Christians, Druze, Alawite Shias and Arab Sunnis. The latter make up the majority of the Muslim population. In English, the name "Syria" was formerly synonymous with the Levant (known in Arabic as al-Sham) while the modern state encompasses the sites of several ancient kingdoms and empires, including the Eblan civilization of the third millennium BC. In the Islamic era, its capital city, Damascus, the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world, was the seat of the Umayyad Caliphate, and a provincial capital of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt. The modern Syrian state was established after the First World War as a French mandate, and represented the largest Arab state to emerge from the formerly Ottoman-ruled Arab Levant. It gained independence in April 1946, as a parliamentary republic. The post-independence period was tumultuous, and a large number of military coups and coup attempts shook the country in the period 1949–1971. Between 1958 and 1961, Syria entered a brief union with Egypt, which was terminated by a military coup. Syria was under Emergency Law from 1963 to 2011, effectively suspending most constitutional protections for citizens, and its system of government is considered to be non-democratic. Bashar al-Assad has been president since 2000 and was preceded by his father Hafez al-Assad, who was in office from 1971. Syria is a member of one International organization other than the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement; it is currently suspended from the Arab League, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and self suspended from the Union for the Mediterranean. Since March 2011, Syria has been embroiled in civil war in the wake of uprisings (considered an extension of the Arab Spring, the mass movement of revolutions and protests in the Arab world) against Assad and the neo-Ba'athist government.
- Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic (الجمهورية العربية السورية Al-Jumhūrīyah Al-ʻArabīyah As-Sūrīyah), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south and Israel to the southwest. A country of fertile plains, high mountains and deserts, it is home to diverse ethnic and religious groups, including Kurds, Armenians, Assyrians, Christians, Druze, Alawite Shias and Arab Sunnis. The latter make up the majority of the population. In English, the name "Syria" was formerly synonymous with the Levant (known in Arabic as al-Sham) while the modern state encompasses the sites of several ancient kingdoms and empires, including the Eblan civilization of the third millennium BC. In the Islamic era, its capital city, Damascus, the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world, was the seat of the Umayyad Caliphate, and a provincial capital of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt. The modern Syrian state was established after the First World War as a French mandate, and represented the largest Arab state to emerge from the formerly Ottoman-ruled Arab Levant. It gained independence in April 1946, as a parliamentary republic. The post-independence period was tumultuous, and a large number of military coups and coup attempts shook the country in the period 1949–1971. Between 1958 and 1961, Syria entered a brief union with Egypt, which was terminated by a military coup. Syria was under Emergency Law from 1963 to 2011, effectively suspending most constitutional protections for citizens, and its system of government is considered to be non-democratic. Bashar al-Assad has been president since 2000 and was preceded by his father Hafez al-Assad, who was in office from 1971. Syria is a member of one International organization other than the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement; it is currently suspended from the Arab League, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and self suspended from the Union for the Mediterranean. Since March 2011, Syria has been embroiled in civil war in the wake of uprisings (considered an extension of the Arab Spring, the mass movement of revolutions and protests in the Arab world) against Assad and the neo-Ba'athist government. The opposition Syrian National Coalition selected Ghassan Hitto as prime minister of a rival provisional government on March 19, 2013 after being invited to do so by several foreign governments and the Arab League.
- Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic (الجمهورية العربية السورية Al-Jumhūrīyah Al-ʻArabīyah As-Sūrīyah), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south and Israel to the southwest. A country of fertile plains, high mountains and deserts, it is home to diverse ethnic and religious groups, including Kurds, Armenians, Assyrians, Christians, Druze, Alawite Shias and Arab Sunnis. The latter make up the majority of the population. In English, the name "Syria" was formerly synonymous with the Levant (known in Arabic as al-Sham) while the modern state encompasses the sites of several ancient kingdoms and empires, including the Eblan civilization of the third millennium BC. In the Islamic era, its capital city, Damascus, the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world, was the seat of the Umayyad Caliphate, and a provincial capital of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt. The modern Syrian state was established after the First World War as a French mandate, and represented the largest Arab state to emerge from the formerly Ottoman-ruled Arab Levant. It gained independence in April 1946, as a parliamentary republic. The post-independence period was tumultuous, and a large number of military coups and coup attempts shook the country in the period 1949–1971. Between 1958 and 1961, Syria entered a brief union with Egypt, which was terminated by a military coup. Syria was under Emergency Law from 1963 to 2011, effectively suspending most constitutional protections for citizens, and its system of government is considered to be non-democratic. Bashar al-Assad has been president since 2000 and was preceded by his father Hafez al-Assad, who was in office from 1971. Syria is a member of one International organization other than the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement; it is currently suspended from the Arab League, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and self suspended from the Union for the Mediterranean. Since March 2011, Syria has been embroiled in civil war in the wake of uprisings (considered an extension of the Arab Spring, the mass movement of revolutions and protests in the Arab world) against Assad and the neo-Ba'athist government. The opposition Syrian National Coalition selected Ghassan Hitto as prime minister of a rival provisional government on March 19, 2013 after being invited to do so by several foreign governments and the Arab League.
- Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic (الجمهورية العربية السورية Al-Jumhūrīyah Al-ʻArabīyah As-Sūrīyah), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south and Israel to the southwest. A country of fertile plains, high mountains and deserts, it is home to diverse ethnic and religious groups, including Kurds, Armenians, Assyrians, Christians, Druze, Alawite Shias and Arab Sunnis. The latter make up the majority of the population. In English, the name "Syria" was formerly synonymous with the Levant (known in Arabic as al-Sham) while the modern state encompasses the sites of several ancient kingdoms and empires, including the Eblan civilization of the third millennium BC. In the Islamic era, its capital city, Damascus, the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world, was the seat of the Umayyad Caliphate, and a provincial capital of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt. The modern Syrian state was established after the First World War as a French mandate, and represented the largest Arab state to emerge from the formerly Ottoman-ruled Arab Levant. It gained independence in April 1946, as a parliamentary republic. The post-independence period was tumultuous, and a large number of military coups and coup attempts shook the country in the period 1949–1971. Between 1958 and 1961, Syria entered a brief union with Egypt, which was terminated by a military coup. Syria was under Emergency Law from 1963 to 2011, effectively suspending most constitutional protections for citizens, and its system of government is considered to be non-democratic. Bashar al-Assad has been president since 2000 and was preceded by his father Hafez al-Assad, who was in office from 1971. Syria is a member of one International organization other than the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement; it is currently suspended from the Arab League, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and self suspended from the Union for the Mediterranean. Since March 2011, Syria has been embroiled in civil war in the wake of uprisings (considered an extension of the Arab Spring, the mass movement of revolutions and protests in the Arab world) against Assad and the neo-Ba'athist government. The opposition Syrian National Coalition selected Ghassan Hitto as prime minister of a rival provisional government on March 19, 2013 after being invited to do so by several foreign governments and the Arab League. On 26 March 2013, the Syrian National Coalition was granted Syria's seat in the Arab League.
- Syria is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south and Israel to the southwest. A country of fertile plains, high mountains and deserts, it is home to diverse ethnic and religious groups, including Kurds, Armenians, Assyrians, Turks, Christians, Druze, Alawite Shias and Arab Sunnis. The latter make up the majority of the population. In English, the name "Syria" was formerly synonymous with the Levant (known in Arabic as al-Sham) while the modern state encompasses the sites of several ancient kingdoms and empires, including the Eblan civilization of the third millennium BC. In the Islamic era, its capital city, Damascus, the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world, was the seat of the Umayyad Caliphate, and a provincial capital of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt. The modern Syrian state was established after the First World War as a French mandate, and represented the largest Arab state to emerge from the formerly Ottoman-ruled Arab Levant. It gained independence in April 1946, as a parliamentary republic. The post-independence period was tumultuous, and a large number of military coups and coup attempts shook the country in the period 1949–1971. Between 1958 and 1961, Syria entered a brief union with Egypt, which was terminated by a military coup. Syria was under Emergency Law from 1963 to 2011, effectively suspending most constitutional protections for citizens, and its system of government is considered to be non-democratic. Bashar al-Assad has been president since 2000 and was preceded by his father Hafez al-Assad, who was in office from 1971. Syria is a member of one International organization other than the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement; it is currently suspended from the Arab League, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and self suspended from the Union for the Mediterranean. Since March 2011, Syria has been embroiled in civil war in the wake of uprisings (considered an extension of the Arab Spring, the mass movement of revolutions and protests in the Arab world) against Assad and the neo-Ba'athist government. An alternative governmentwas formed by the opposition umbrella group, the Syrian National Coalition, in March 2012. Representatives of this government were subsequently invited to take up Syria's seat at the Arab League. The opposition coalition has been recognised as the "sole representative of the Syrian people" by several nations including the United States, United Kingdom and France.
- Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south and Israel to the southwest. A country of fertile plains, high mountains and deserts, it is home to diverse ethnic and religious groups, including Kurds, Armenians, Assyrians, Turks, Christians, Druze, Alawite Shias and Arab Sunnis. The latter make up the majority of the population. In English, the name "Syria" was formerly synonymous with the Levant (known in Arabic as al-Sham) while the modern state encompasses the sites of several ancient kingdoms and empires, including the Eblan civilization of the third millennium BC. In the Islamic era, its capital city, Damascus, the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world, was the seat of the Umayyad Caliphate, and a provincial capital of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt. The modern Syrian state was established after the First World War as a French mandate, and represented the largest Arab state to emerge from the formerly Ottoman-ruled Arab Levant. It gained independence in April 1946, as a parliamentary republic. The post-independence period was tumultuous, and a large number of military coups and coup attempts shook the country in the period 1949–1971. Between 1958 and 1961, Syria entered a brief union with Egypt, which was terminated by a military coup. Syria was under Emergency Law from 1963 to 2011, effectively suspending most constitutional protections for citizens, and its system of government is considered to be non-democratic. Bashar al-Assad has been president since 2000 and was preceded by his father Hafez al-Assad, who was in office from 1971. Syria is a member of one International organization other than the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement; it is currently suspended from the Arab League, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and self suspended from the Union for the Mediterranean. Since March 2011, Syria has been embroiled in civil war in the wake of uprisings (considered an extension of the Arab Spring, the mass movement of revolutions and protests in the Arab world) against Assad and the neo-Ba'athist government,and as a result of the Syrian civil war,the government gradually lost control over most of Syria to the Rebel groups of the Free Syrian Army and other groups including Al-Nusra Front, an alternative government that was formed by the opposition umbrella group, the Syrian National Coalition, in March 2012. Representatives of this government were subsequently invited to take up Syria's seat at the Arab League. The opposition coalition has been recognised as the "sole representative of the Syrian people" by several nations including the United States, United Kingdom and France.
- Syria is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south and Israel to the southwest. A country of fertile plains, high mountains and deserts, it is home to diverse ethnic and religious groups, including Kurds, Armenians, Assyrians, Turks, Christians, Druze, Alawite Shias and Arab Sunnis. The latter make up the majority of the population. In English, the name "Syria" was formerly synonymous with the Levant (known in Arabic as al-Sham) while the modern state encompasses the sites of several ancient kingdoms and empires, including the Eblan civilization of the third millennium BC. In the Islamic era, its capital city, Damascus, the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world, was the seat of the Umayyad Caliphate, and a provincial capital of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt. The modern Syrian state was established after the First World War as a French mandate, and represented the largest Arab state to emerge from the formerly Ottoman-ruled Arab Levant. It gained independence in April 1946, as a parliamentary republic. The post-independence period was tumultuous, and a large number of military coups and coup attempts shook the country in the period 1949–1971. Between 1958 and 1961, Syria entered a brief union with Egypt, which was terminated by a military coup. Syria was under Emergency Law from 1963 to 2011, effectively suspending most constitutional protections for citizens, and its system of government is considered to be non-democratic. Bashar al-Assad has been president since 2000 and was preceded by his father Hafez al-Assad, who was in office from 1971. Syria is a member of one International organization other than the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement; it is currently suspended from the Arab League, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and self suspended from the Union for the Mediterranean. Since March 2011, Syria has been embroiled in civil war in the wake of uprisings (considered an extension of the Arab Spring, the mass movement of revolutions and protests in the Arab world) against Assad and the neo-Ba'athist government,and as a result of the Syrian civil war,the government gradually lost control over most of Syria to the Rebel groups of the Free Syrian Army and other groups including Al-Nusra Front,An alternative governmentthat was formed by the opposition umbrella group, the Syrian National Coalition, in March 2012. Representatives of this government were subsequently invited to take up Syria's seat at the Arab League. The opposition coalition has been recognised as the "sole representative of the Syrian people" by several nations including the United States, United Kingdom and France.
- Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south and Israel to the southwest. A country of fertile plains, high mountains and deserts, it is home to diverse ethnic and religious groups, including Kurds, Armenians, Assyrians, Turks, Christians, Druze, Alawite Shias and Arab Sunnis. The latter make up the majority of the population. In English, the name "Syria" was formerly synonymous with the Levant (known in Arabic as al-Sham) while the modern state encompasses the sites of several ancient kingdoms and empires, including the Eblan civilization of the third millennium BC. In the Islamic era, its capital city, Damascus, the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world, was the seat of the Umayyad Caliphate, and a provincial capital of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt. The modern Syrian state was established after the First World War as a French mandate, and represented the largest Arab state to emerge from the formerly Ottoman-ruled Arab Levant. It gained independence in April 1946, as a parliamentary republic. The post-independence period was tumultuous, and a large number of military coups and coup attempts shook the country in the period 1949–1971. Between 1958 and 1961, Syria entered a brief union with Egypt, which was terminated by a military coup. Syria was under Emergency Law from 1963 to 2011, effectively suspending most constitutional protections for citizens, and its system of government is considered to be non-democratic. Bashar al-Assad has been president since 2000 and was preceded by his father Hafez al-Assad, who was in office from 1971. Syria is a member of one International organization other than the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement; it is currently suspended from the Arab League, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and self suspended from the Union for the Mediterranean. Since March 2011, Syria has been embroiled in civil war in the wake of uprisings (considered an extension of the Arab Spring, the mass movement of revolutions and protests in the Arab world) against Assad and the neo-Ba'athist government and, as a result of the Syrian civil war, the government gradually lost control over most of Syria to the Rebel groups of the Free Syrian Army and other groups including Al-Nusra Front, an alternative government that was formed by the opposition umbrella group, the Syrian National Coalition, in March 2012. Representatives of this government were subsequently invited to take up Syria's seat at the Arab League. The opposition coalition has been recognised as the "sole representative of the Syrian people" by several nations including the United States, United Kingdom and France.
- Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south and Israel to the southwest. A country of fertile plains, high mountains and deserts, it is home to diverse ethnic and religious groups, including Kurds, Armenians, Assyrians, Turks, Christians, Druze, Alawite Shias and Arab Sunnis. The latter make up the majority of the population. In English, the name "Syria" was formerly synonymous with the Levant (known in Arabic as al-Sham) while the modern state encompasses the sites of several ancient kingdoms and empires, including the Eblan civilization of the third millennium BC. In the Islamic era, its capital city, Damascus, the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world, was the seat of the Umayyad Caliphate, and a provincial capital of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt. The modern Syrian state was established after the First World War as a French mandate, and represented the largest Arab state to emerge from the formerly Ottoman-ruled Arab Levant. It gained independence in April 1946, as a parliamentary republic. The post-independence period was tumultuous, and a large number of military coups and coup attempts shook the country in the period 1949–1971. Between 1958 and 1961, Syria entered a brief union with Egypt, which was terminated by a military coup. Syria was under Emergency Law from 1963 to 2011, effectively suspending most constitutional protections for citizens, and its system of government is considered to be non-democratic. Bashar al-Assad has been president since 2000 and was preceded by his father Hafez al-Assad, who was in office from 1971. Syria is a member of one International organization other than the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement; it is currently suspended from the Arab League, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and self suspended from the Union for the Mediterranean. Since March 2011, Syria has been embroiled in civil war in the wake of uprisings (considered an extension of the Arab Spring, the mass movement of revolutions and protests in the Arab world) against Assad and the neo-Ba'athist government. An alternative government that was formed by the opposition umbrella group, the Syrian National Coalition, in March 2012. Representatives of this government were subsequently invited to take up Syria's seat at the Arab League. The opposition coalition has been recognised as the "sole representative of the Syrian people" by several nations including the United States, United Kingdom and France.
|
