Speculative reason or pure reason is theoretical thought (sometimes called theoretical reason), as opposed to practical (active, willing) thought. The distinction between the two goes at least as far back as the ancient Greek philosophers, such as Plato and Aristotle, who distinguished between theory (theoria, or a wide, bird's eye view of a topic, or clear vision of its structure) and practice (praxis), as well as productive knowledge (techne).

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  • Speculative reason or pure reason is theoretical thought (sometimes called theoretical reason), as opposed to practical (active, willing) thought. The distinction between the two goes at least as far back as the ancient Greek philosophers, such as Plato and Aristotle, who distinguished between theory (theoria, or a wide, bird's eye view of a topic, or clear vision of its structure) and practice (praxis), as well as productive knowledge (techne). Speculative reason is contemplative, detached, and certain, whereas practical reason is engaged, involved, active, and dependent upon the specifics of the situation. Speculative reason provides the universal, necessary principles of logic, such as the principle of contradiction, which must apply everywhere, regardless of the specifics of the situation. Practical reason, on the other hand, is the power of the mind engaged in deciding what to do. It is also referred to as moral reason, because it involves action, decision, and particulars. Though many other thinkers have erected systems based on the distinction, two important later thinkers who have done so are Aquinas (who follows Aristotle in many respects) and Kant.
  • Le terme science spéculative, stricto sensu, désigne un corpus d'hypothèses (dites aussi conjectures) établies à partir des connaissances scientifiques contemporaines que l'état actuel des méthodes expérimentales ne permettent pas, ou pas encore, de tester. A la différence des pseudo-sciences, la spéculation scientifique respecte les critères de scientificité. On peut même dire qu'elle fait partie intégrante des sciences "normales" puisque la spéculation sert parfois à alimenter la science en nouvelles théories. Enfin, dans certains domaines où l'expérimentation est difficile, la spéculation participe pleinement à la démarche scientifique sous forme d'expériences de pensée (comme dans la physique théorique). La branche hard science de la science-fiction peut être considérée comme une forme de spéculation scientifique romancée.
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  • In theory, there is no difference between theory and practice. But, in practice, there is.
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  • Speculative reason or pure reason is theoretical thought (sometimes called theoretical reason), as opposed to practical (active, willing) thought. The distinction between the two goes at least as far back as the ancient Greek philosophers, such as Plato and Aristotle, who distinguished between theory (theoria, or a wide, bird's eye view of a topic, or clear vision of its structure) and practice (praxis), as well as productive knowledge (techne).
  • Le terme science spéculative, stricto sensu, désigne un corpus d'hypothèses (dites aussi conjectures) établies à partir des connaissances scientifiques contemporaines que l'état actuel des méthodes expérimentales ne permettent pas, ou pas encore, de tester. A la différence des pseudo-sciences, la spéculation scientifique respecte les critères de scientificité.
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  • Speculative reason
  • Science spéculative
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