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- Soil survey, or soil mapping, is the process of classifying soil types and other soil properties in a given area and geo-encoding such information It applies the principles of soil science, and draws heavily from geomorphology, theories of soil formation, physical geography, and analysis of vegetation and land use patterns Primary data for the soil survey are acquired by field sampling, supported by remote sensing, The term soil survey may also be used as a noun to describe the published results In the United States, these surveys have been published in book form for individual counties by the National Cooperative Soil Survey The information is used by farmers and ranchers to help determine whether a particular soil type is suited for crops or livestock and what type of management might be required An architect or engineer might use the engineering properties of a soil to determine whether or not it was suitable for a certain type of construction
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