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- Schabbtai Donnolo war ein italienischer Arzt und Autor medizinischer Werke. Die meisten Informationen zu Donnolo entstammen einer autobiographischen Skizze, die er seinem bekanntesten Werk, dem Sefer Chachmoni, voranstellte. In seiner Kindheit wurde Donnolo von Sarazenen entführt, jedoch von Verwandten aus Süditalien freigekauft. Dort verblieb er und widmete sich sowohl dem Studium rabbinischen Schrifttums als auch medizinischer Werke der Antike. Er arbeitete als Arzt und – in heutigen Worten – Apotheker. In Jaffa war das Donnolo-Krankenhaus, welches 1980 geschlossen wurde, nach ihm benannt.
- Shabbethai Donnolo (913 – c. 982) was an Italian physician, and writer on medicine and astrology born at Oria. When twelve years of age he was made prisoner by the Arabs under the leadership of the Fatimite Abu Ahmad Ja'far ibn 'Ubaid, but was ransomed by his relatives at Otranto, while the rest of his family was carried to Palermo and North Africa. He turned to medicine and astrology for a livelihood, studying the sciences of "the Greeks, Arabs, Babylonians, and Indians. " As no Jews at that time busied themselves with these subjects, he traveled in Italy in search of learned non-Jews. His special teacher was an Arab from Baghdad. According to the biography of Nilus, abbot of Rossano, he practiced medicine for some time in that city. Later he would become the Byzantine court physcian. The alleged gravestone of Donnolo, found by Firkovich in the Crimea, is evidently spurious. Donnolo is the earliest Jewish writer on medicine, and one of the few Jewish scholars of South Italy at this early time. What remains of his medical work, Sefer ha-Yaḳar (Precious Book), was published by Moritz Steinschneider in 1867, from MS. 37, Plut. 88, in the Medicean Library at Florence, and contains an "antidotarium," or book of practical directions for preparing medicinal roots. Donnolo's medical science is based upon Greco-Latin sources; only one Arabic plant-name occurs. He cites Asaph ben Berekhyah. In addition, he wrote a commentary to the Sefer Yeẓirah, dealing almost wholly with astrology, and called Ḥakhmoni (in one manuscript, Taḥkemoni; see II Sam. xxiii.8; I Chron. xi.11). At the end of the preface is a table giving the position of the heavenly bodies in Elul 946. The treatise published by Adolf Neubauer (Rev. Et. Juives, xxii.214) is part of a religio-astrological commentary on Gen. i.26 (written in 982), which probably formed a sort of introduction to the Ḥakhmoni, in which the idea that man is a microcosm is worked out. Parts of this introduction are found word for word in the anonymous Orḥot Ẓaddiḳim (or Sefer Middot) and the Shebeṭ Musar of Elijah Kohen. It was published separately by Jellinek (Der Mensch als Ebenbild Gottes, Leipzig, 1845). The style of Donnolo is worthy of note; many Hebrew forms and words are here found for the first time. He uses the acrostic freely, giving his own name not only in the poetic mosaic of passages from the Book of Proverbs in the Bodleian fragment, but also in the rimed prose introduction to the Ḥakemani. He is also the first to cite the Midrash Tehillim. In the Pseudo-Saadia commentary to Yeẓirah there are many citations from Donnolo, notably from a lost commentary of his on the Baraita of Samuel. Abraham Epstein has shown that extensive extracts from Donnolo are also to be found in Eleazar Roḳeaḥ's Yeẓirah commentary (ed. Przemysl, 1889), even to the extent of the tables and illustrations. He is also mentioned by Rashi, by Samuel of Acco (who calls the Ḥakemani the Sefer ha-Mazzalot), and by Solomon ben Judah (1424) in his Ḥesheḳ Shelomoh to Judah Halevi's Cuzari.
- Sabbataï Donnolo est un médecin et astronome juif italien né à Oria dans les Pouilles en 913 et mort après 982. Il est le plus vieil auteur connu de traités de médecine parmi les Juifs mais aussi dans l'Europe chrétienne.
- Catturato dai saraceni all'età di 12 anni, fu riscattato a Taranto dai parenti e visse il resto della sua vita in Italia meridionale. Studiò medicina, farmacologia, astrologia e l'interpretazione del Talmud; il suo principale maestro fu un arabo di Baghdad. Poliglotta, conosceva ebraico, aramaico, greco e latino. Secondo la testimonianza di San Nilo, fu medico a Rossano alla corte del governatore bizantino di Calabria e per le autorità ecclesiastiche e poi fu medico ufficiale alla corte di Costantinopoli. Scrisse trattati in lingua ebraica, cosa insolita per il luogo e l'epoca. Donnolo fu la prima persona che scrisse di medicina nell'Europa medievale. Il suo lavoro Sefer HaMirkachot, ovvero "Il libro dei rimedi", è un sommario dei suoi quaranta anni di esperienza medica. Trascrisse più di 100 medicamenti con le specifiche ricette, tratte dalla tradizione medica greco-romana. Donnolo infatti non appare influenzato dalla medicina araba in quanto non ne fa alcuna menzione nel suo lavoro. Benché non esistono documenti a suffragio, la figura di Donnolo viene associata alla fondazione della Scuola medica salernitana. Donnolo, grazie al suo sapere e alla sua perizia non comune, anticipa l'archiatra, figura tipica del basso medioevo La sua fama come esperto di medicina ha oscurato i suoi scritti di carattere cosmologico, tra cui spicca il Sefer Hakhmoni, che trae origine da un commentario sul Sépher Yetziràh, il primo e più importante degli scritti sulla Qabbalah e sulle sephirot. La farmacia e medicina nel decimo secolo sono inestricabilmente intessute con l'astrologia e la cosmologia; Donnolo espone la sua idea di un universo divinamente creato, basato sull'uomo immagine del creatore Dio: "muovendo da presupposti filosofici neoplatonici e sviluppando in particolare il concetto di relazione tra macro e microcosmo, l'autore tratta insieme i temi dell'astrologia, dell'esegesi biblica e della medicina".
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- Schabbtai Donnolo war ein italienischer Arzt und Autor medizinischer Werke. Die meisten Informationen zu Donnolo entstammen einer autobiographischen Skizze, die er seinem bekanntesten Werk, dem Sefer Chachmoni, voranstellte. In seiner Kindheit wurde Donnolo von Sarazenen entführt, jedoch von Verwandten aus Süditalien freigekauft. Dort verblieb er und widmete sich sowohl dem Studium rabbinischen Schrifttums als auch medizinischer Werke der Antike.
- Shabbethai Donnolo (913 – c. 982) was an Italian physician, and writer on medicine and astrology born at Oria. When twelve years of age he was made prisoner by the Arabs under the leadership of the Fatimite Abu Ahmad Ja'far ibn 'Ubaid, but was ransomed by his relatives at Otranto, while the rest of his family was carried to Palermo and North Africa. He turned to medicine and astrology for a livelihood, studying the sciences of "the Greeks, Arabs, Babylonians, and Indians.
- Sabbataï Donnolo est un médecin et astronome juif italien né à Oria dans les Pouilles en 913 et mort après 982. Il est le plus vieil auteur connu de traités de médecine parmi les Juifs mais aussi dans l'Europe chrétienne.
- Catturato dai saraceni all'età di 12 anni, fu riscattato a Taranto dai parenti e visse il resto della sua vita in Italia meridionale. Studiò medicina, farmacologia, astrologia e l'interpretazione del Talmud; il suo principale maestro fu un arabo di Baghdad. Poliglotta, conosceva ebraico, aramaico, greco e latino.
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