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- Das Selektive Laserschmelzen (englisch Selective Laser Melting) ist ein generatives Fertigungsverfahren, das zur Gruppe der Strahlschmelzverfahren gehört. Beim Selektiven Laserschmelzen wird der zu verarbeitende Werkstoff in Pulverform in einer dünnen Schicht auf eine Grundplatte aufgebracht. Der pulverförmige Werkstoff wird mittels Laserstrahlung lokal vollständig umgeschmolzen und bildet nach der Erstarrung eine feste Materialschicht. Anschließend wird die Grundplatte um den Betrag einer Schichtdicke abgesenkt und erneut Pulver aufgetragen. Dieser Zyklus wird solange wiederholt, bis alle Schichten umgeschmolzen sind. Das fertige Bauteil wird vom überschüssigen Pulver gereinigt, nach Bedarf bearbeitet oder sofort verwendet. Die Daten für die Führung des Laserstrahls werden aus einem 3D CAD-Körper mittels Software erzeugt. Im ersten Berechnungsschritt wird das Bauteil in einzelne Schichten unterteilt. Im zweiten Berechnungsschritt werden für jede Schicht die Bahnen (Vektoren) erzeugt, die der Laserstrahl abfährt. Durch Selektives Laserschmelzen gefertigte Bauteile zeichnen sich durch große Bauteildichten (> 99 %) aus. Dies gewährleistet, dass die mechanischen Eigenschaften des generativ hergestellten Bauteils weitgehend denen des Grundwerkstoffs entsprechen.
- Selective laser melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing process that uses 3D CAD data as a digital information source and energy in the form of a high powered laser beam (usually an ytterbium fiber laser) to create three-dimensional metal parts by fusing fine metallic powders together. The industry standard term, chosen by the ASTM F42 standards committee, is laser sintering, although this is acknowledged as a misnomer because the process fully melts the metal into a solid homogeneous mass. The process is also sometimes referred to by the trade names DMLS or LaserCusing. A similar process is electron beam melting (EBM or E-beam), which, as the name suggests, uses electron beams as an energy source. What is called Selective Laser Melting started at the Fraunhofer Institute ILT in Aachen, Germany, in 1995 with a German research project, resulting in the so called basic ILT SLM patent DE 19649865. Already in this pioneering phase Dr. Dieter Schwarze and Dr. Matthias Fockele from company F&S Stereolithographietechnik GmbH (located in Paderborn, Germany) worked together with the ILT researchers Dr. Wilhelm Meiners and Dr. Kurt Wissenbach on the technology. In the early 2000s F&S entered into a commercial partnership with MCP HEK GmbH (later on named MTT Technology GmbH and then SLM Solutions GmbH) located in Luebeck in northern Germany. Today Dr. Dieter Schwarze is with SLM Solutions GmbH and Dr. Matthias Fockele founded Realizer GmbH. The process starts by slicing the 3D CAD file data into layers, usually from 20 to 100 micrometres thick, creating a 2D image of each layer; this file format is the industry standard . stl file used on most layer-based 3D printing or stereolithography technologies. This file is then loaded into a file preparation software package that assigns parameters, values and physical supports that allow the file to be interpreted and built by different types of additive manufacturing machines. With SLM thin layers of atomized fine metal powder are evenly distributed using a coating mechanism onto a substrate plate, usually metal, that is fastened to an indexing table that moves in the vertical (Z) axis. This takes place inside a chamber containing a tightly controlled atmosphere of inert gas, either argon or nitrogen at oxygen levels below 500 parts per million. Once each layer has been distributed each 2D slice of the part geometry is fused by selectively applying the laser energy to the powder surface, by directing the focused laser beam using two high frequency scanning mirrors in the X and Y axes. The laser energy is intense enough to permit full melting (welding) of the particles to form solid metal. The process is repeated layer after layer until the part is complete.
- Selective laser melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing process that uses 3D CAD data as a digital information source and energy in the form of a high powered laser beam (usually an ytterbium fiber laser) to create three-dimensional metal parts by fusing fine metallic powders together. The industry standard term, chosen by the ASTM F42 standards committee, is laser sintering, although this is acknowledged as a misnomer because the process fully melts the metal into a solid homogeneous mass. The process is also sometimes referred to by the trade names DMLS or LaserCusing. A similar process is Electron beam melting (EBM), which, as the name suggests, uses an electron beam as the energy source. What is called Selective Laser Melting started at the Fraunhofer Institute ILT in Aachen, Germany, in 1995 with a German research project, resulting in the so called basic ILT SLM patent DE 19649865. Already in this pioneering phase Dr. Dieter Schwarze and Dr. Matthias Fockele from company F&S Stereolithographietechnik GmbH (located in Paderborn, Germany) worked together with the ILT researchers Dr. Wilhelm Meiners and Dr. Kurt Wissenbach on the technology. In the early 2000s F&S entered into a commercial partnership with MCP HEK GmbH (later on named MTT Technology GmbH and then SLM Solutions GmbH) located in Luebeck in northern Germany. Today Dr. Dieter Schwarze is with SLM Solutions GmbH and Dr. Matthias Fockele founded Realizer GmbH. The process starts by slicing the 3D CAD file data into layers, usually from 20 to 100 micrometres thick, creating a 2D image of each layer; this file format is the industry standard . stl file used on most layer-based 3D printing or stereolithography technologies. This file is then loaded into a file preparation software package that assigns parameters, values and physical supports that allow the file to be interpreted and built by different types of additive manufacturing machines. With SLM thin layers of atomized fine metal powder are evenly distributed using a coating mechanism onto a substrate plate, usually metal, that is fastened to an indexing table that moves in the vertical (Z) axis. This takes place inside a chamber containing a tightly controlled atmosphere of inert gas, either argon or nitrogen at oxygen levels below 500 parts per million. Once each layer has been distributed each 2D slice of the part geometry is fused by selectively applying the laser energy to the powder surface, by directing the focused laser beam using two high frequency scanning mirrors in the X and Y axes. The laser energy is intense enough to permit full melting (welding) of the particles to form solid metal. The process is repeated layer after layer until the part is complete.
- Selective laser melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing process that uses 3D CAD data as a digital information source and energy in the form of a high powered laser beam (usually an ytterbium fiber laser) to create three-dimensional metal parts by fusing fine metallic powders together. The industry standard term, chosen by the ASTM F42 standards committee, is laser sintering, although this is acknowledged as a misnomer because the process fully melts the metal into a solid homogeneous mass. The process is also sometimes referred to by the trade names DMLS or LaserCusing. A similar process is Electron beam melting (EBM), which, as the name suggests, uses an electron beam as the energy source. What is called selective laser melting started at the Fraunhofer Institute ILT in Aachen, Germany, in 1995 with a German research project, resulting in the so called basic ILT SLM patent DE 19649865. Already in this pioneering phase Dr. Dieter Schwarze and Dr. Matthias Fockele from company F&S Stereolithographietechnik GmbH (located in Paderborn, Germany) worked together with the ILT researchers Dr. Wilhelm Meiners and Dr. Kurt Wissenbach on the technology. In the early 2000s F&S entered into a commercial partnership with MCP HEK GmbH (later on named MTT Technology GmbH and then SLM Solutions GmbH) located in Luebeck in northern Germany. Today Dr. Dieter Schwarze is with SLM Solutions GmbH and Dr. Matthias Fockele founded Realizer GmbH. The process starts by slicing the 3D CAD file data into layers, usually from 20 to 100 micrometres thick, creating a 2D image of each layer; this file format is the industry standard . stl file used on most layer-based 3D printing or stereolithography technologies. This file is then loaded into a file preparation software package that assigns parameters, values and physical supports that allow the file to be interpreted and built by different types of additive manufacturing machines. With SLM thin layers of atomized fine metal powder are evenly distributed using a coating mechanism onto a substrate plate, usually metal, that is fastened to an indexing table that moves in the vertical (Z) axis. This takes place inside a chamber containing a tightly controlled atmosphere of inert gas, either argon or nitrogen at oxygen levels below 500 parts per million. Once each layer has been distributed each 2D slice of the part geometry is fused by selectively applying the laser energy to the powder surface, by directing the focused laser beam using two high frequency scanning mirrors in the X and Y axes. The laser energy is intense enough to permit full melting (welding) of the particles to form solid metal. The process is repeated layer after layer until the part is complete.
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