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- Sangaku or San Gaku (算額; lit. mathematical tablet) are Japanese geometrical puzzles in Euclidean geometry on wooden tablets created during the Edo period (1603–1867) by members of all social classes. The Dutch Japanologist Isaac Titsingh first introduced sangaku to the West when he returned to Europe in the late 1790s after more than twenty years in the Far East. During this period Japan was completely isolated from the rest of the world so the tablets were created using Japanese mathematics,, not influenced by western mathematical thought. For example, the fundamental connection between an integral and its derivative was unknown, so Sangaku problems on areas and volumes were solved by expansions in infinite series and term-by-term calculation. The Sangaku were painted in color on wooden tablets which were hung in the precincts of Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines as offerings to the gods or as challenges to the congregants. Many of these tablets were lost during the period of modernization that followed the Edo period, but around nine hundred are known to remain. A typical problem, which is presented on an 1824 tablet in the Gunma Prefecture, covers the relationship of three touching circles with a common tangent. Given the size of the two outer large circles, what is the size of the small circle between then? The answer is: <math>\frac{1}{\sqrt{r_\text{middle}}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{r_\text{left}}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{r_\text{right}}}. </math> Fujita Kagen (1765–1821), a Japanese mathematician of prominence, published the first collection of sangaku problems, his Shimpeki Sampo (Mathematical problems Suspended from the Temple) in 1790, and in 1806 a sequel, the Zoku Shimpeki Sampo. In 1989, a Sangaku collection, Japanese Temple Geometry Problems was published by Hidetoshi Fukagawa and Daniel Pedoe, and in 2008 Sacred Mathematics: Japanese Temple Geometry, was published by Hidetoshi Fukagawa and Tony Rothman.
- Sangaku o San Gaku (算額, lit. Tablilla Matemática) son tablillas con problemas matemáticos principalmente geométricos, de origen japonés, creadas durante el período Edo (1603-1867). Un Sangaku es una tablilla de madera con figuras geométricas, ubicadas en los templos y santuarios como ofrendas votivas a los dioses o como desafíos a los congregados y visitantes, escritos en kanbun, una forma antigua de japonés. Un sangaku tiene de 1 a 10 problemas, y cada problema esta formado de la siguiente manera: arriba o a la derecha de la tablilla se ubican las figuras geométricas, y abajo o a la izquierda se encuentran la pregunta, soluciones (resolución, respuesta, o ambas si las hay), y por ultimo el creador del sangaku, el profesor, la escuela y la fecha de su colgado.
- Les Sangaku ou San Gaku (算額; littéralement tablettes mathématiques) sont des énigmes géométriques japonaises de géométrie euclidienne gravées sur des tablettes de bois, apparues durant la période Edo (1603-1867) et fabriquées par des membres de toutes les classes sociales.
- ファイル:SangakuQ. jpg 算額の問題例 算額（さんがく）とは、江戸時代の日本で、額や絵馬に数学の問題や解法を記して、神社や仏閣に奉納したものである。平面幾何に関する算額が多い。数学者のみならず、一般の数学愛好家も数多く奉納している。
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- Sangaku or San Gaku (算額; lit. mathematical tablet) are Japanese geometrical puzzles in Euclidean geometry on wooden tablets created during the Edo period (1603–1867) by members of all social classes. The Dutch Japanologist Isaac Titsingh first introduced sangaku to the West when he returned to Europe in the late 1790s after more than twenty years in the Far East.
- Sangaku o San Gaku (算額, lit. Tablilla Matemática) son tablillas con problemas matemáticos principalmente geométricos, de origen japonés, creadas durante el período Edo (1603-1867). Un Sangaku es una tablilla de madera con figuras geométricas, ubicadas en los templos y santuarios como ofrendas votivas a los dioses o como desafíos a los congregados y visitantes, escritos en kanbun, una forma antigua de japonés.
- Les Sangaku ou San Gaku (算額; littéralement tablettes mathématiques) sont des énigmes géométriques japonaises de géométrie euclidienne gravées sur des tablettes de bois, apparues durant la période Edo (1603-1867) et fabriquées par des membres de toutes les classes sociales.
- ファイル:SangakuQ. jpg 算額の問題例 算額（さんがく）とは、江戸時代の日本で、額や絵馬に数学の問題や解法を記して、神社や仏閣に奉納したものである。平面幾何に関する算額が多い。数学者のみならず、一般の数学愛好家も数多く奉納している。
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