The Sammarinese Fascist Party or Partito Fascista Sammarinese (PFS) was a fascist political party that ruled San Marino from 1923 to 1943. It was founded and led by Giuliano Gozi, a Sammarinese World War I veteran who volunteered in the Royal Italian Army, on 10 August 1922 and was modelled directly from the National Fascist Party of surrounding Italy. From the beginning, it used violence and intimidation against opponents such as the Socialists.

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  • The Sammarinese Fascist Party or Partito Fascista Sammarinese (PFS) was a fascist political party that ruled San Marino from 1923 to 1943. It was founded and led by Giuliano Gozi, a Sammarinese World War I veteran who volunteered in the Royal Italian Army, on 10 August 1922 and was modelled directly from the National Fascist Party of surrounding Italy. From the beginning, it used violence and intimidation against opponents such as the Socialists. Its party newspaper was the Il Popolo Sammarinese, modelled after the Il Popolo d'Italia. In terms of policy and ideology, the party was not innovative and stuck closely to Italian Fascism. In April 1923, Gozi was elected as the first Fascist Captain-Regent. After the October elections, both Captains-Regent were Fascists and would remain so in subsequent elections for the next two decades as all other political parties were banned in 1926 effectively making San Marino a single-party state. They pursued industrialization which turned a country of mostly farmers into factory workers. In 1933, Ezio Balducci, a Fascist former Captain-Regent and rival to Gozi, was accused of plotting a coup and arrested by Italian authorities after fleeing to Rome. Balducci and other alleged conspirators were tried and sentenced to hard labor in 1934 by a special court but the punishment was never carried out. The reconstructed Socialist Party began forming an anti-fascist resistance during this period. Three days after the arrest of Benito Mussolini, PFS rule in San Marino collapsed after a massive rally and the first non-fascist government in twenty years was formed. 28 July would later become a national holiday. After Mussolini's rescue and the formation of the Italian Social Republic, fascism began a resurgence. Being surrounded by the Italian Social Republic and close to the Gothic Line, the government invited fascists back as part of a national unity government and to prevent German occupation. The Republican Fascio of San Marino (Fascio Repubblicano di San Marino) was formed on 4 January 1944 by Gozi and two thousand loyal fascists. The Fascists restored the single-party state on 1 April. They were heavily modelled after the Republican Fascist Party but they kept neutrality. The Fascists briefly arrested Communists on May Day, accusing them of planning illegal strikes. On 26 June, the Royal Air Force mistakenly bombed San Marino, killing 63 civilians. The Fascists declared a day of national mourning and used it in anti-Allied propaganda. On 17 September, Axis forces occupied San Marino during their retreat but were driven out by the Allies three days later. The Allies stayed for the next two months and ended Fascist political monopoly. Elections on 1 October threw out the Fascists and on 16 November the Republican Fascio was outlawed. Since 2,000 of the city's 15,000 citizens were banned from politics, it gave an advantage to the leftists. In 1945, the Communist-Socialist coalition won the April elections and would remain in power until the fatti di Rovereta in 1957. They put Gozi and fifty other Fascists on trial and imprisoned them.
  • Il Partito Fascista Sammarinese (PFS) fu il partito politico sammarinese espressione del movimento fascista.
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  • 28 July 1943
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  • 10 August 1922
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  • Leader
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  • Il Popolo Sammarinese
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  • Partito Fascista Sammarinese
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  • Defunct and banned
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  • The Sammarinese Fascist Party or Partito Fascista Sammarinese (PFS) was a fascist political party that ruled San Marino from 1923 to 1943. It was founded and led by Giuliano Gozi, a Sammarinese World War I veteran who volunteered in the Royal Italian Army, on 10 August 1922 and was modelled directly from the National Fascist Party of surrounding Italy. From the beginning, it used violence and intimidation against opponents such as the Socialists.
  • Il Partito Fascista Sammarinese (PFS) fu il partito politico sammarinese espressione del movimento fascista.
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  • Sammarinese Fascist Party
  • Partito Fascista Sammarinese
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