Roman Dacia, also Dacia Traiana or Dacia Felix, was a province of the Roman Empire (106-271/275 AD). Its territory consisted of eastern and southeastern Transylvania, the Banat, and Oltenia (regions of modern Romania). Dacia was from the very beginning organized as an imperial province and remained so throughout the Roman occupation. It was one of the empire’s Latin provinces; official epigraphs attest that the language of administration was Latin.

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  • Dacia Aureliana
  • the Roman province of “Dacia Traiana” on the territory of today's Romania
  • the late Roman province of “Dacia Aureliana” on the territories of modern Bulgaria and Serbia
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  • Roman Dacia, also Dacia Traiana or Dacia Felix, was a province of the Roman Empire (106-271/275 AD). Its territory consisted of eastern and southeastern Transylvania, the Banat, and Oltenia (regions of modern Romania). Dacia was from the very beginning organized as an imperial province and remained so throughout the Roman occupation. It was one of the empire’s Latin provinces; official epigraphs attest that the language of administration was Latin. Historians’ estimates of the population of Roman Dacia range from 650,000 to 1,200,000. The conquest of Dacia was completed by Emperor Trajan (98-117) after two major campaigns against Decebalus’s Dacian kingdom. In Rome, the monument called Trajan's Column was erected in the memory of the conquest of Dacia. But the territory of the Dacian kingdom was not occupied in its entirety by the Romans; the greater part of Moldavia, together with Maramureş and Crişana, was ruled by Free Dacians even after the Roman conquest. In 119, the province was divided into two departments: Upper Dacia included the Transylvanian Plateau; and Lower Dacia incorporated the Banat and almost half of Oltenia; the latter was later named Dacia Malvensis. In 124 (or around 158), for military reasons, Upper Dacia was divided into two provinces: Dacia Apulensis and Dacia Porolissensis (north-western Transylvania). During (or soon after) the Marcomannic Wars this scheme was modified again: military and judicial administration was unified under the command of one governor having two other senators as his subordinates and the province was called simply Dacia or Three Dacias (tres Daciæ). The Roman conquest was followed by a period of peace, stability, and prosperity. But the province’s political life was not without perils from the start. First came the Free Dacians who, allied with their old friends the Sarmatians, frequently attacked the province. After the quieter rules of Commodus (180-193), Septimius Severus (193-211), and Caracalla (211-217), the invasions of Dacia, in particular the invasion by the Carpi in alliance with the Goths, were a serious problem for the emperors. Agriculture, stockbreeding, and commerce flourished in the province. New mines were opened, and ore extraction intensified. Dacia began to supply grains not only to the military personnel stationed in the province but also to the rest of the Balkan area. Dacia was a highly urban province: no fewer than 11 or 12 cities are known, 8 of them of the highest rank; but the number of cities was fewer than in the region’s other provinces. In Dacia, all the cities developed from military camps. Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa was the financial, religious, and legislative center of the province; it was the seat of the imperial procurator (finance officer) for all the three subdivisions. Apulum, where the military governor of the three subdivisions had his headquarters, was not just the greatest conurbation of the province, but one of the largest in the area. However, it became more and more difficult to keep Dacia within the boundaries of the Roman Empire; thus Dacia was the last province to be added to the Roman Empire and was the first to be abandoned. In the 250s, as the Carpi advance intensified, Dacia’s inhabitants began to seek refuge south of the river Danube, in Moesia. Our sources from antiquity imply that Dacia had already been lost during the reign of Gallienus (260-268), but they also report that it was Aurelian (270-275) who relinquished Dacia Traiana. Aurelian, in desperate attempt to save the rest of the Roman Empire, evacuated his troops and civilian administration from Dacia, and founded Dacia Aureliana with its capital at Serdica in Lower Moesia. The fate of the Romanized population of the former province of Dacia Traiana has become subject to a spirited controversy. One theory holds that the Latin language spoken in ancient Dacia, where Romania was to be formed in the future, gradually turned into Romanian; in parallel, a new people, the Romanians were formed from the Daco-Romans (the Romanized population of Dacia Traiana). The opposing theory argues that the Romanians descended from the Romanized population of the Roman provinces of the Balkan Peninsula. Trajan conquered the Dacians, under King Decibalus, and made Dacia, across the Danube in the soil of barbary, a province which in circumference had ten times 100,000 paces; but it was lost under Imperator Gallienus, and, after Romans had been transferred from there by Aurelian, two Dacias were made in the regions of Moesia and Dardania. —Festus: Breviarium of the Accomplishments of the Roman People (VII.2)
  • Dacia es una antigua región europea, cuyo territorio coincide con Rumania y Moldavia, delimitada al norte por los Cárpatos y al sur por el Danubio. La región fue conquistada por el Imperio Romano tras las Guerras Dacias en la primera década del siglo II e 105-106 incorporada al mismo como provincia romana. Sus habitantes fueron denominados getas por los griegos, mientras que el nombre latino era el de dacios. Se supone que provenían de los tracios.
  • La Dacie Trajanne, ou Dacie romaine, était une province de l'Empire romain. Elle était connue dans l'Empire romain sous le nom de Dacia felix (la Dacie heureuse). Elle fait partie de la Dacie colonisée par les Romains de 106 à 256.
  • La Dacia era un'antica provincia dell'impero romano che comprendeva i territori dell'attuale Romania, parte della Bulgaria e dell'Ungheria.
  • Fişier:REmpire-Dacia. png Imperiul Roman în jurul anului 120 d. Hr. , aflat la întinderea sa maximă, şi provincia Dacia, inclusiv teritoriile deţinute temporar. Fişier:Roman Dacia. svg Dacia romană Dacia romană a fost o provincie romană după cucerirea Daciei de către Imperiul Roman sub conducerea lui Traian în 106 şi a durat până în 271, deci un total de 165 de ani. Cum Dacia nu fusese cucerită complet, deseori aveau loc incursiuni ale dacilor liberi cu scopul de a hărţui legiunile romane din această zonă. De asemenea, au existat şi multe revolte împotriva stăpânirii romane în interiorul provinciei, astfel că ocupaţia romană nu a fost deloc uşoară. În aproximativ 100 din cei 165 de ani au existat conflicte armate.
  • Римская Дакия (лат. Dacia Romana 106—271 гг н.  э. ) — римская провинция, образованная в 101—106 гг н.  э. императором Траяном после завоевания римлянами центральной части территории историко-географической области Дакии, до этого населённой индо-европейским народом даками. Представаляла в основном сырьевой придаток империи (добыча золота, серебра, железных руд в Карпатах), провинция достигла наивысшего расцвета во второй половине II века, когда были основаны римские города, проложена сеть дорог, а основная масса автохонного населения подверглась интенсивной античной романизации. Столицей провинции был город Сармизегетуза. В III веке нашей эры начинается упадок империи, ослабление её экономического и военного могущества. Римская Дакия официально прекращает своё существование уже в 271 году, однако некая аморфная романоязычная общность сохраняется в сельской местности Дакии (позднее Трансильвании) на протяжении всего средневекового периода. Именно на её основе, хотя и с сильными греческими и особенно славянскими влияниями, происходит становление средневековой валашской государственности, а затем современных румынской и молдавской республик.
  • Daçya, Roma İmparatorluğu'nun Orta Doğu Avrupa'da kalan eyaletinin adıdır ve bugün bu bölgede Romanya, Moldova, Bulgaristan'ın bir kısmı ve Ukrayna'nın bir kısmı bulunur.
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dbpprop:quoteProperty
  • Festus: ''Breviarium of the Accomplishments of the Roman People (VII.2)''
  • ''But the other Maximian'' /Galerius/'', chosen by Diocletian for his son-in-law, was worse, not only than those two princes whom our own times have experienced, but worse than all the bad princes of former days. In this wild beast there dwelt a native barbarity and a savageness foreign to Roman blood; and no wonder, for his mother was born beyond the Danube, and it was an inroad of the Carpi that obliged her to cross over and take refuge in New Dacia.''
  • ''The Moors and the Dacians were conquered during his reign, and peace was established in the Pannonias, but all by his legates, since such was the manner of his life. The provincials in Britain, Dacia, and Germany attempted to cast off his yoke, but all these attempts were put down by his generals.''
  • ''The province of Dacia, which Trajan had formed beyond the Danube, he gave up, despairing, after all Illyricum and Moesia had been depopulated, of being able to retain it. The Roman citizens, removed from the town and lands of Dacia, he settled in the interior of Moesia, calling that Dacia which now divides the two Moesiae, and which is on the right hand of the Danube as it runs to the sea, whereas Dacia was previously on the left.''
  • ''Trajan conquered the Dacians, under King Decibalus, and made Dacia, across the Danube in the soil of barbary, a province which in circumference had ten times 100,000 paces; but it was lost under Imperator Gallienus, and, after Romans had been transferred from there by Aurelian, two Dacias were made in the regions of Moesia and Dardania.''
  • And the Dacians, after ravaging portions of Dacia and showing an eagerness for further war, now desisted, when they got back the hostages that Caracallus, under the name of an alliance, had taken from them.
  • Aurelius Victor: De Caesaribus
  • Cassius Dio: Roman History – Epitome of Book LXXIX
  • Cassius Dio: Roman History – Epitome of Book LXXIII
  • Commodus granted peace to the Buri when they sent envoys. Previously he had declined to do so, in spite of their frequent requests, because they were strong, and because it was not peace that they wanted, but the securing of a respite to enable them to make further preparations; but now that they were exhausted he made peace with them, receiving hostages and getting back many captives from the Buri themselves as well as 15,000 from the others, and he compelled the others to take an oath that they would never dwell in nor use for pasturage a 5-mile strip of their territory next to Dacia. The same Sabinianus also, when twelve thousand of the neighboring Dacians had been driven out of their own country and were on the point of aiding the others, dissuaded them from their purpose, promising them that some land in our Dacia should be given them.
  • Eutropius: Abridgement of Roman History
  • Even the territories across the Danube, which Trajan had secured, were lost.
  • Historia Augusta – The Life of Commodus
  • It is an excellent idea of yours to write about the Dacian war. There is no subject which offers such scope and such a wealth of original material, no subject so poetic and almost legendary although its facts are true. You will describe new rivers set flowing over the land, new bridges built across rivers, and camps clinging to sheer precipices; you will tell of a king driven from his capital and finally to death, but courageous to the end; you will record a double triumph one the first over a nation hitherto unconquered, the other a final victory.
  • Lactantius: Of the Manner in which the Persecutors Died – Chapter IX
  • Pliny the Younger: '' Letters (Book VIII, Letter 4: To Caninius Rufus)''
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  • Alexander Severus
  • Aurelian
  • Auxiliaries (Roman military)
  • Bastarnae
  • Burebista
  • Caracalla
  • Carpi (Dacian tribe)
  • Colonia (Roman)
  • Commodus
  • Constantine I
  • Constitutio Antoniniana
  • Costoboci
  • Dacia Aureliana
  • Dacian Wars
  • Dacians
  • Daco-Roman
  • Decebalus
  • Diocletian
  • Free Dacians
  • Gallienus
  • Imperial cult (ancient Rome)
  • Interpretatio Romana
  • Marcus Aurelius
  • Maximinus Thrax
  • Military of ancient Rome
  • Moesia
  • Municipium
  • Philip the Arab
  • Religion in ancient Rome
  • Roman army
  • Roman citizenship
  • Roman colonies
  • Roman legion
  • Roman villa
  • Roxolani
  • Septimius Severus
  • Trajan
  • Vicus
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  • Roman Dacia, also Dacia Traiana or Dacia Felix, was a province of the Roman Empire (106-271/275 AD). Its territory consisted of eastern and southeastern Transylvania, the Banat, and Oltenia (regions of modern Romania). Dacia was from the very beginning organized as an imperial province and remained so throughout the Roman occupation. It was one of the empire’s Latin provinces; official epigraphs attest that the language of administration was Latin.
  • Dacia es una antigua región europea, cuyo territorio coincide con Rumania y Moldavia, delimitada al norte por los Cárpatos y al sur por el Danubio. La región fue conquistada por el Imperio Romano tras las Guerras Dacias en la primera década del siglo II e 105-106 incorporada al mismo como provincia romana. Sus habitantes fueron denominados getas por los griegos, mientras que el nombre latino era el de dacios. Se supone que provenían de los tracios.
  • La Dacie Trajanne, ou Dacie romaine, était une province de l'Empire romain. Elle était connue dans l'Empire romain sous le nom de Dacia felix (la Dacie heureuse). Elle fait partie de la Dacie colonisée par les Romains de 106 à 256.
  • La Dacia era un'antica provincia dell'impero romano che comprendeva i territori dell'attuale Romania, parte della Bulgaria e dell'Ungheria.
  • Fişier:REmpire-Dacia. png Imperiul Roman în jurul anului 120 d. Hr. , aflat la întinderea sa maximă, şi provincia Dacia, inclusiv teritoriile deţinute temporar. Fişier:Roman Dacia. svg Dacia romană Dacia romană a fost o provincie romană după cucerirea Daciei de către Imperiul Roman sub conducerea lui Traian în 106 şi a durat până în 271, deci un total de 165 de ani.
  • Римская Дакия (лат. Dacia Romana 106—271 гг н.  э. ) — римская провинция, образованная в 101—106 гг н.  э. императором Траяном после завоевания римлянами центральной части территории историко-географической области Дакии, до этого населённой индо-европейским народом даками.
  • Daçya, Roma İmparatorluğu'nun Orta Doğu Avrupa'da kalan eyaletinin adıdır ve bugün bu bölgede Romanya, Moldova, Bulgaristan'ın bir kısmı ve Ukrayna'nın bir kısmı bulunur.
rdfs:label
  • Roman Dacia
  • Dacia
  • Dacie romaine
  • Dacia (provincia romana)
  • Dacia romană
  • Римская Дакия
  • Daçya (Roma eyaleti)
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