Robert Bruce, 5th Lord of Annandale (Robert de Brus) (c.1220–31 March 1295), 5th Lord of Annandale, was a feudal lord, Justice and Constable of Scotland and England, a Regent of Scotland, and a leading competitor to be King of Scotland in 1290-92 in the Great Cause. Robert was son of Robert Bruce, 4th Lord of Annandale and Isobel of Huntingdon, the second daughter of David of Scotland, 8th Earl of Huntingdon and Matilda de Kevilloc of Chester.

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  • 1220-01-01 00:00:00 (xsd:date)
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  • 1295-03-31 (xsd:date)
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  • Lord of Annandale, Lord of Ireby, Constable of Carlisle Castle, Sheriff of Cumberland
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  • 1220-01-01 00:00:00 (xsd:date)
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  • 1295-03-31 (xsd:date)
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  • Lord of Annandale, Lord of Ireby, Constable of Carlisle Castle, Sheriff of Cumberland
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  • Robert Bruce, 5th Lord of Annandale (Robert de Brus) (c.1220–31 March 1295), 5th Lord of Annandale, was a feudal lord, Justice and Constable of Scotland and England, a Regent of Scotland, and a leading competitor to be King of Scotland in 1290-92 in the Great Cause. Robert was son of Robert Bruce, 4th Lord of Annandale and Isobel of Huntingdon, the second daughter of David of Scotland, 8th Earl of Huntingdon and Matilda de Kevilloc of Chester. David in turn was the son of Henry of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon and Northumberland and Ada de Warenne; Henry's parents were King David I of Scotland and Maud of Northumberland. In addition to Annandale, Robert was Lord of Hartlepool in county Durham and Writtle and Hatfield Broadoak in Essex, England. His first wife brought to him the village of Ripe, in Sussex, and his second wife the Lordship of Ireby in Cumberland, His possessions were later increased following the defeat of Simon de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham (1265), via a series of grants that included the estates of the former rebel barons Walter de Fauconberg and John de Melsa. Henry III also re-appointed Robert a Justice, and Constable of Carlisle Castle and keeper of the Castle there in 1267, a position he had been dissmissed from in 1255, for his support during the rebellion. It is believed Robert joined the princes Edward and Edmund on their 1270-4 crusade, as his sons failed to attend. He succeeded in having the young widowed Marjorie of Carrick, heiress of that earldom, married to his son, another Robert Bruce in 1271. She was the daughter of Niall, 2nd Earl of Carrick. Robert Bruce was Regent of Scotland some time during minority of his second cousin King Alexander III of Scotland (1241-1286) and was occasionally recognised as a Tanist of the Scottish throne. He was the closest surviving male relative to the king: Margaret of Huntingdon's issue were all females up until birth of Hugh Balliol sometime in the 1260s. When Alexander yet was childless, he was officially named as heir-presumptive, but never gained the throne as Alexander managed to beget three children. The succession in the main line of the House of Dunkeld became highly precarious when towards the end of Alexander's reign, all three of his children died within a few years. The middle-aged Alexander III induced in 1284 the Estates to recognise as his heir-presumptive his granddaughter Margaret, called the "Maid of Norway", his only surviving descendant. The need for a male heir led Alexander to contract a second marriage to Yolande de Dreux on 1 November 1285. All this was eventually in vain. Alexander died suddenly, in a fall from his horse, when only 45 years old, in 1286. His death ushered in a time of political upheaval for Scotland. His three-year old granddaughter Margaret, who lived in Norway, was recognised as his successor. However, the then 7-year old heiress Margaret died, travelling towards her kingdom, on the Orkney Islands around 26 September 1290. With her death, the main royal line came to an end and thirteen claimants asserted their rights to the Scottish Throne. After this extinction of the senior line of the Scottish royal house (the line of William I of Scotland) David of Huntingdon's descendants were the primary candidates for the throne. The two most notable claimants to the throne, John Balliol and Robert himself represented descent through David's daughters Margaret and Isobel respectively. Robert Bruce pleaded tanistry and proximity of blood in the succession dispute. He descended from the second daughter of David of Huntingdon, whereas John Balliol descended from the eldest, and thus had the lineal right. However, Robert was a second cousin of kings of Scotland and descended in 4th generation from King David I of Scotland, whereas John Balliol was a third cousin of kings and descended in 5th generation from King David I, the most recent common ancestor who had been Scottish king. The ensuing 'Great Cause' was concluded in 1292. It gave the Crown of Scotland to his family's great rival, John Balliol. The events took place as follows: Soon after the death of young queen Margaret, Robert Bruce raised a body of men with the help of the Earls of Mar and Atholl and marched to Perth with a considerable following and uncertain intentions. Bishop Fraser of St. Andrews, worried of the possibility of civil war, wrote to Edward, asking for his assistance in choosing a new monarch. Edward took this chance to demand sasine of the Scottish royal estate, but agreed to pass judgment in return for recognition of his suzerainty. The guardians of Scotland denied him this, but Robert Bruce was quick to pay homage. All the claimants swore oaths of homage, and John Balliol was the last to do so. The guardians were forced to concede and were thus reinstated by Edward. Judgment processed slowly. On 3 August 1291 Edward asked both Balliol and Bruce to choose forty auditors while he himself chose twenty-four, to decide the case. After considering all of the arguments, in early November the court decided in favour of John Balliol, having the superior claim in feudal law, not to mention greater support from the kingdom of Scotland. In accordance with this, final judgement was given by Edward on 17 November. On 30 November, John Balliol was crowned as King of Scots at Scone Abbey. On 26 December, at Newcastle upon Tyne, King John swore homage to Edward I for the kingdom of Scotland. Edward soon made it clear that he regarded the country as his vassal state. The Bruce family thus lost what they regarded as their rightful place on the Scottish throne. (Edward I decided in favour of the senior legitimate heir by primogeniture, John Balliol but in 1306 the crown was assumed by a grandson of the Bruce himself, who became King Robert I. In doing this, the rightful heir, John Balliol's own son, was smitten by his father's misfortune of having been placed on the throne in an inopportune period. ) Robert, 5th Lord of Annandale resigned the lordship of Annandale to his son, the Earl of Carrick, as well as his claim to the Crown. Shortly after this, Robert's daughter-in-law Marjorie died in 1292, and on the day of her death his son transferred Carrick to his eldest grandson, the future Robert I of Scotland thus making the boy the Earl of Carrick. In 1292 Robert V de Brus held a market at Ireby, Cumberland, in right of his wife. The following year he had a market at Hartlepool, county Durham within the liberties of the Bishop of Durham. Sir Robert de Brus died at Lochmaben Castle and was buried at Guisborough Priory.
  • Robert VI. de Brus byl 7. lord z Annandale pocházející z rodu de Bruce, který byl feudálním vlastníkem ve Skotsku a později mezi lety 1290-92 i skotským králem. Znám byl i pod přezdívkou maska. Během svého života byl dvakrát ženatý. Jeho manželka byla Isabella de Clare, se kterou se oženil 2. listopadu 1226, jako druhou manželku pak měl Christina de Ireby, jež zemřela kolem roku 1305
  • Robert de Brus, 5e heer van Annandale was 5e heer van Annandale en Ireby, sherrif van Cumberland en een van de voornaamste troonpredendenten van Schotland in 1290-92.
  • Robert Bruce, også kalt Robert de Brus, og den eldre, var den 5. lord av Annandale og Cleveland,. Han var sønn til Robert de Brus (Brewes), 4. lord av Annandale, og Isabella av Huntingdon. Det var denne Robert Bruce som krevde den skotske tronen, men tapte til fordel for John Balliol. Se utvidet artikkel Konkurrentene til den skotske trone. Isabella av Huntingdon var datter av David av Huntingdon som var bror til kong William I av Skottland, også kalt for «Løven» og kong Malcolm IV av Skottland, grandsønn av David I av Skottland, og med denne slektskapet var forbindelsen til tronen etablert. Han giftet seg først med Isabella de Clare, datter av Gilbert de Clare, 4. jarl av Gloucester og Isabella Marshal, den 12. mai 1240. Deretter giftet han seg igjen med Christina de Ireby (død ca. 1305), datter av Sir William de Ireby. Med sin andre kone fikk han en sønn som også ble døpt Robert Bruce (de Brus), og ble 1. jarl av Carrick og 6. lord Annandale, ble født juli 1243 og døde i 1304. Til sammen fikk han fire sønner: Robert (nevnt over) William Bernard (som etterlot seg kun en sønn, Sir John Bruce, av Exton) og Richard. Robert Bruce den eldre var en føydal herre i Skottland og Nord-England av normanner-slekt i tiden foruten Den skotske uavhengighetskrigen. Han nedstammer fra en kongelig linje som ga hans familie arverett til den skotske trone. Kravet til tronen ble avvist, men hans sønnesønn, også navngitt Robert Bruce, ble konge av Skottland under navnet Robert I av Skottland i 1306 etter hans død.
  • Роберт Брюс, 5-й лорд Аннандейла, — шотландский барон из рода Брюсов, один из основных претендентов на корону Шотландии в конце XIII века. Роберт Брюс был сыном Роберта Брюса, 4-го лорда Аннандейла, и Изабеллы Шотландской, дочери Давида Хантингдонского, внука короля Шотландии Давида I. В состав владений Роберта Брюса входил наследственный лен в долине Аннана в юго-западной части Шотландии и ряд поместий в английством графстве Дарем. Будучи одним из крупнейших магнатов Шотландии, Роберт активно участвовал в борьбе за власть в период несовершеннолетия короля Александра III. Изганный из регентского совета партией Коминов, Роберт Брюс пытался найти поддержку у Англии и участвовал в борьбе Генриха III с Симоном де Монфором. Однако реальной помощи от английского короля Роберт не получил. Предками Роберта Брюса по материнской линии были короли Шотландии. В начале правления Александра III, до рождения у короля сына, Роберт был даже неофициально признан наследником престола. В 1286 г. Александр III умер, не оставив потомков мужского пола. В шотландское государственном праве не сложились к тому времени чёткие правила наследования королевства женщинами. Согласно одной точке зрения королевой должна была стать внучка Александра III трёхлетняя Маргарет Норвежская Дева. Роберт Брюс и его сторонники выступали с позиции недопустимости перехода трона к женщине. Тем не менее большинство баронов страны высказались в поддержку Маргариты, которая и была признана королевой Шотландии. В 1290 г. Маргарита скончалась, что вновь открыло вопрос о наследовании шотландского престола. Основными претендентами были: Роберт Брюс, сын второй дочери Давида Хантингдонского, Иоанн Баллиоль, внук старшей дочери Давида, Флоран V, граф Голландии, потомок сестры Давида, Эрик II, король Норвегии, отец умершей королевы. Спор был передан на рассмотрение английского короля Эдуарда I. Длительный судебный процесс завершился в 1292 г. признанием королём Шотландии Иоанна Баллиоля. Потерпев поражение, Роберт Брюс передал свои наследственные права своему внуку Роберту, который позднее возглавит борьбу за независимость страны и в 1306 г. будет коронован королём Шотландии. Роберт Брюс был женат дважды: с 1240 г . на Изабелле де Клэр, дочери Гилберта де Клэра, графа Глостера, а после её смерти на Кристине де Айреби. Его сын — Роберт Брюс, 6-й лорд Аннандейла и граф Каррика.
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  • Lochmaben Castle
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  • Robert V de Brus,
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  • Guisborough Priory, Guisborough, Yorkshire
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  • 1226 x 1233-1295
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  • Robert Bruce, 5th Lord of Annandale (Robert de Brus) (c.1220–31 March 1295), 5th Lord of Annandale, was a feudal lord, Justice and Constable of Scotland and England, a Regent of Scotland, and a leading competitor to be King of Scotland in 1290-92 in the Great Cause. Robert was son of Robert Bruce, 4th Lord of Annandale and Isobel of Huntingdon, the second daughter of David of Scotland, 8th Earl of Huntingdon and Matilda de Kevilloc of Chester.
  • Robert VI. de Brus byl 7. lord z Annandale pocházející z rodu de Bruce, který byl feudálním vlastníkem ve Skotsku a později mezi lety 1290-92 i skotským králem. Znám byl i pod přezdívkou maska. Během svého života byl dvakrát ženatý. Jeho manželka byla Isabella de Clare, se kterou se oženil 2. listopadu 1226, jako druhou manželku pak měl Christina de Ireby, jež zemřela kolem roku 1305
  • Robert de Brus, 5e heer van Annandale was 5e heer van Annandale en Ireby, sherrif van Cumberland en een van de voornaamste troonpredendenten van Schotland in 1290-92.
  • Robert Bruce, også kalt Robert de Brus, og den eldre, var den 5. lord av Annandale og Cleveland,. Han var sønn til Robert de Brus (Brewes), 4. lord av Annandale, og Isabella av Huntingdon. Det var denne Robert Bruce som krevde den skotske tronen, men tapte til fordel for John Balliol. Se utvidet artikkel Konkurrentene til den skotske trone.
  • Роберт Брюс, 5-й лорд Аннандейла, — шотландский барон из рода Брюсов, один из основных претендентов на корону Шотландии в конце XIII века.
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  • Robert de Brus, 5th Lord of Annandale
  • Robert VI. de Brus
  • Robert de Brus, 5e heer van Annandale
  • Robert Bruce, 5. lord av Annandale
  • Брюс, Роберт, 5-й лорд Аннандейла
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