| dbpprop:abstract
|
- Robert Catesby, born in Lapworth, Warwickshire, or possibly in Northamptonshire, to a rich strongly Roman Catholic family, was the leader of the Gunpowder Plot. This was a conspiracy by a group of Roman Catholic conspirators to blow up King James I of England and Parliament. Robert Catesby was the only surviving son of Sir William Catesby of Lapworth and Anne Throckmorton, daughter of Sir Robert Throckmorton of Coughton, his elder brother William having died in infancy. He had an ancient and illustrious lineage, including being sixth in descent from Sir William Catesby, the influential councillor of Richard III of England, immortalised not only by Shakespeare, but in the famous satirical rhyme of Colyngbourne: "The Cat, the Rat and Lovel our Dog,Rule all England under a Hog" Robert's father, Sir William Catesby, was a conscientious adherent to the Catholic faith, a prime supporter of the Jesuit mission and one of the leaders of the catholic cause, for which he suffered greatly. In 1581, when Robert was only eight years old, he saw his father arrested for the first time and tried in Star Chamber, along with William Vaux, 3rd Baron Vaux of Harrowden and his brother-in-law Sir Thomas Tresham II, for the harbouring of Father Edmund Campion, and spent most of the rest of his life in and out of prison for various offences connected with his recusancy. At one time, his recusancy fines amounted to one fifth of his considerable estate. The effect of these events on young Robert can only be guessed at. Sir William Catesby was later assigned a project, which met with the approval of Queen Elizabeth, of founding a Catholic colony in America, but this plan was later abandoned in the face of Spanish hostility. Through his mother, Robert was related to the major recusant families of Throckmorton, Tresham, Vaux, Monteagle and Habington, and was raised in the atmosphere of secrecy and devotion that surrounded this close-knit, staunchly catholic community. Robert entered Gloucester Hall, Oxford in 1586 but left before taking his degree in order to avoid taking the Oath of Supremacy. He probably went on to attend the seminary college of Douai, then located at Rheims. This school, founded by Cardinal William Allen for the training of clergy for the English mission but extended to education of the laity, provided an austere and rigorous course of education in scholastic and moral theology, classical languages and the history of the English church. At the time the college used a textbook by the Jesuit Martin de Azpilcueta that dealt with the subject of casuistry, the employment of moral theology to particular cases, and with the circumstances that might excuse a normally forbidden course of action. This may have laid the foundation for Catesby's later theological questions and resolutions regarding the morality of the Plot. In 1593 Robert married Catherine Leigh, the daughter of the Protestant Sir Thomas Leigh of Stoneleigh, Warwickshire. She brought a considerable dowry of 2000 pounds per year and connected him with the fast-rising family of the Spencers. The following year upon the death of his grandmother, he came into the large estate of Chastleton, Oxon, making him a man of considerable means in his own right. By Catherine he had two sons, William, who died in infancy, and Robert. Much has been made of this marriage by writers to claim that Robert Catesby fell away from the church in his youth (and indeed his son Robert was baptised in the Anglican church at Chastleton in Nov 1595), and that he returned to the church in grief at his father's and wife's death in 1598, following shortly on the death of his eldest son). However, although this shows that he may have compromised at certain times, it is indisputable that he always remained active in the Catholic cause. As early as 1594, the year after his marriage, he was sheltering Father Henry Garnet and other priests at his house, Morecrofts in Uxbridge at considerable risk. It was to here that Father John Gerard fled for sanctuary after his dramatic escape from the Tower of London in 1597, and where Father Persons' mother was living in 1598, which indicates that Catesby was at all times a highly trusted member of the Catholic community. As a man, Robert Catesby, in spite of his religious inclinations, was rich in friends and patrimony, loved and esteemed not only by Catholics but by Protestants for his many unusual qualities both physical and mental, and was part of the glamorous circle that surrounded the court, although in his youth he "was very wild, and ... he spent much above his rate". Following the discovery of the plot, Catesby and the other conspirators fled to the Midlands. He died three days after the discovery of the plot, at Holbeach House near Kingswinford in Staffordshire, when the house was stormed by constables and deputies. Catesby, Sir Ambrose Rokewood, Lord John Grant and Grant's friend, Henry Morgan all died in the ensuing shootout. Before the Gunpowder Plot, Catesby was involved with the Earl of Essex in the failed attempt to remove Elizabeth I from power in 1601. He was not executed because of his small role, but was heavily fined, costing him his manor house in Chastleton.
- Robert Catesby war der Anführer einer Gruppe oppositioneller katholischer Landadeliger und plante 1605 den gescheiterten Gunpowder Plot.
- Robert Catesby famós conspirador catòlic anglès. Pertanyia a una antiga família catòlica, sofrí rudes persecucions per la seva fe religiosa. Estudià a Oxford, però per no professar el protestantisme no va poder graduar-se; compromès amb en la conspiració d'Essex, fou condemnat a la forca, pena que se li commutà per una munta de 30.000 lliures. Amargat per totes les vexacions de que fou víctima, es posà al front d'un nombrós grup de descontents, exercint considerable influència per la seva generositat, eloqüència i entusiasme per la fe catòlica, que el feren altament simpàtic a llurs companys, el mateix que el seu valor i entusiasme. En quan adquirí el convenciment de que en Jaume I defraudava les esperances que en ell havien xifrat els catòlics, decidí desempallegar-se del monarca i de tota la seva cort, pel qual el 1603 començà els treballs preparatoris de la famosa Conspiració de la Pólvora, que es proposava fer volar el Parlament en l'obertura per el rei i la seva cort i preparar la insurrecció general que havia d'esclatar seguidament. Demostrà gran decisió i habilitat per a preparar aquell agosarat cop de mà; confessà junt amb tots els conjurats, que prestaren jurament, de no desistir en llur empresa, la qual en ser descoberta i trobada la mina oberta sota a del Parlament, originà la presó de Fawkes i l'obligà a fugir a Holbeche (Staffordshire), on resistí fortament contra el sheriff Richard Walsh encarregat d'empresonar-lo, lluità amb les armes a la mà fins morir en el combat.
- Robert Catesby, syntynyt Lapworthissa, Warwickshiressä, tai mahdollisesti Northamptonshiressä vahvasti katoliseen perheeseen, oli niiden katolisten salaliittolaisten johtaja, joiden tavoitteena oli räjäyttää Englannin parlamenttirakennus vuonna 1605. Ruutisalaliittona tunnettu salaliitto kuitenkin paljastui ja ruutitynnyrit tehtiin vaarattomiksi ennen kuin mitään vahinkoa pääsi syntymään. Salaliiton paljastuttua Catesby ja muut salaliittolaiset pakenivat Midlandsiin. Catesby sai surmansa kolme päivää salaliiton paljastumisen jälkeen Holbeach Housessa Staffordshiressä häntä pidättämään tulleiden upseerien kanssa käydyssä tulitaistelussa. Ennen ruutisalaliittoa Catesby oli sekaantunut yhdessä Essexin 2. jaarlin Robert Devereuxin kanssa epäonnistuneeseen yritykseen syrjäyttää Elisabet I vallasta vuonna 1601. Catesbyä ei teloitettu sillä hänen roolinsa syrjäyttämisyrityksessä oli vähäinen, mutta häntä sakotettiin niin ankarasti että hän joutui luopumaan kartanostaan Chastletonissa. Catesbyn isä Sir William Catesby oli viettänyt suuren osan elämästään vankeudessa syytettynä katoliseen uskoonsa liittyvistä teoista.
- Robert Catesby, est connu comme l'instigateur de la conspiration des poudres. Il était un des membres du groupe de conspirateurs qui tenta de faire exploser la Maison du Parlement, en 1605, alors que le roi Jacques I s’y trouvait, pour protester contre sa politique en matière de religion, jugée intolérante. À cette fin, en compagnie de Guy Fawkes, Thomas Percy, John Wright, Robert Keyes, Thomas Wintour et Robert Wintour, il entreposa trente-six barils de poudre dans les caves du Parlement. Le complot (baptisé plus tard « conspiration des poudres ») fut découvert le 5 novembre. Il périt les armes à la main, en se défendant après la découverte du complot.
- ロバート・ケイツビー（Robert Catesby、1573年 – 1605年11月18日）は、 火薬陰謀事件の首謀者として知られる、イングランドの貴族である。馬術と剣術に秀でており、人望のある人物であったと伝えられる。 ファイル:Gunpow1. jpg ロバート・ケイツビー（右から2人目）
- Robert Catesby, född 1573 död 8 november 1605, var ledaren för Krutkonspirationen 1605.
|
| rdfs:comment
|
- Robert Catesby, born in Lapworth, Warwickshire, or possibly in Northamptonshire, to a rich strongly Roman Catholic family, was the leader of the Gunpowder Plot. This was a conspiracy by a group of Roman Catholic conspirators to blow up King James I of England and Parliament. Robert Catesby was the only surviving son of Sir William Catesby of Lapworth and Anne Throckmorton, daughter of Sir Robert Throckmorton of Coughton, his elder brother William having died in infancy.
- Robert Catesby war der Anführer einer Gruppe oppositioneller katholischer Landadeliger und plante 1605 den gescheiterten Gunpowder Plot.
- Robert Catesby famós conspirador catòlic anglès. Pertanyia a una antiga família catòlica, sofrí rudes persecucions per la seva fe religiosa. Estudià a Oxford, però per no professar el protestantisme no va poder graduar-se; compromès amb en la conspiració d'Essex, fou condemnat a la forca, pena que se li commutà per una munta de 30.000 lliures.
- Robert Catesby, syntynyt Lapworthissa, Warwickshiressä, tai mahdollisesti Northamptonshiressä vahvasti katoliseen perheeseen, oli niiden katolisten salaliittolaisten johtaja, joiden tavoitteena oli räjäyttää Englannin parlamenttirakennus vuonna 1605. Ruutisalaliittona tunnettu salaliitto kuitenkin paljastui ja ruutitynnyrit tehtiin vaarattomiksi ennen kuin mitään vahinkoa pääsi syntymään. Salaliiton paljastuttua Catesby ja muut salaliittolaiset pakenivat Midlandsiin.
- Robert Catesby, est connu comme l'instigateur de la conspiration des poudres. Il était un des membres du groupe de conspirateurs qui tenta de faire exploser la Maison du Parlement, en 1605, alors que le roi Jacques I s’y trouvait, pour protester contre sa politique en matière de religion, jugée intolérante.
- ロバート・ケイツビー（Robert Catesby、1573年 – 1605年11月18日）は、 火薬陰謀事件の首謀者として知られる、イングランドの貴族である。馬術と剣術に秀でており、人望のある人物であったと伝えられる。 ファイル:Gunpow1. jpg ロバート・ケイツビー（右から2人目）
- Robert Catesby, född 1573 död 8 november 1605, var ledaren för Krutkonspirationen 1605.
|
![[RDF Data]](/statics/sw-cube.png)
