As with Germany, there was no "Italy" at the time of the Revolutions of 1848, but a collection of independent states. The most important of these states were the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in the South, the Papal States and Tuscany in the Center, and the Kingdom of Sardinia on the island of Sardinia and in the North West (the bulk of the kingdom actually consisted of what is now the Piedmont region of Italy).

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  • As with Germany, there was no "Italy" at the time of the Revolutions of 1848, but a collection of independent states. The most important of these states were the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in the South, the Papal States and Tuscany in the Center, and the Kingdom of Sardinia on the island of Sardinia and in the North West (the bulk of the kingdom actually consisted of what is now the Piedmont region of Italy). Furthermore, the Austrian Empire directly ruled the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia, which included the rich northern regions around Milan and Venice. Most of the rest of Italy was taken up by the small Duchies of Modena and Parma. All these states were absolute monarchies. Nonetheless, society in Italy was generally friendlier to people of limited means, and, sometimes, to women, than other European states of the time. Even the poor often owned their own tiny pieces of land, and in the north women had slightly higher status than elsewhere, taking part in public affairs. The Italian peninsula was more agricultural than most of Europe, apart from Russia, which did not experience revolution in 1848. Farm products were subject to wild price uncertainty due to foreign competition, and the slowness of Italian farming contrasted to more-efficient foreigners. There were food riots all through the 1840s to 1847; radical groups proliferated in Rome.
  • Революция 1848-1849 гг. в Ломбардии и Венеции — буржуазно-демократическая революция в областях Ломбардии и Венеции, управляемых Австрийской империей, одна из европейских революций 1848—1849 гг. Задачами революции было установление гражданских прав и свобод, ликвидация феодальных пережитков, впоследствии воссоединение с Италией.
  • Italienska revolutionen syftar på en rad lokala uppror i de italienska staterna 1848. 1848 existerade inte Italien som nationalstat. Många radikala ville dock ena de små kungadömena och smårikena till en egen stat med nationen italienarna och språket italienska som grund. En förgrundsgestalt inom rörelsen - som var långt ifrån enhetlig och rymde många olika intressegrupper, som dock alla hade gemensamt att de ville skapa en självständig stat - var nationalisten Giuseppe Mazzini. Ett krig mot Österrike inleddes och flera landområden erövrades. Efter ett drygt år slogs revolutionen ner av bland annat österrikiska trupper och många revolutionärer avrättades.
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  • As with Germany, there was no "Italy" at the time of the Revolutions of 1848, but a collection of independent states. The most important of these states were the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in the South, the Papal States and Tuscany in the Center, and the Kingdom of Sardinia on the island of Sardinia and in the North West (the bulk of the kingdom actually consisted of what is now the Piedmont region of Italy).
  • Революция 1848-1849 гг. в Ломбардии и Венеции — буржуазно-демократическая революция в областях Ломбардии и Венеции, управляемых Австрийской империей, одна из европейских революций 1848—1849 гг.
  • Italienska revolutionen syftar på en rad lokala uppror i de italienska staterna 1848. 1848 existerade inte Italien som nationalstat. Många radikala ville dock ena de små kungadömena och smårikena till en egen stat med nationen italienarna och språket italienska som grund. En förgrundsgestalt inom rörelsen - som var långt ifrån enhetlig och rymde många olika intressegrupper, som dock alla hade gemensamt att de ville skapa en självständig stat - var nationalisten Giuseppe Mazzini.
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  • Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states
  • Революция 1848—1849 годов в Италии
  • Italienska revolutionen
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