In cultural anthropology and sociology, reciprocity is a way of defining people's informal exchange of goods and labour; that is, people's informal economic systems. It is the basis of most non-market economies. Since virtually all humans live in some kind of society and have at least a few possessions, reciprocity is common to every culture. Marshall Sahlins, a well known American cultural anthropologist, identified three main types of reciprocity in his book Stone Age Economics (1972).

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  • In cultural anthropology and sociology, reciprocity is a way of defining people's informal exchange of goods and labour; that is, people's informal economic systems. It is the basis of most non-market economies. Since virtually all humans live in some kind of society and have at least a few possessions, reciprocity is common to every culture. Marshall Sahlins, a well known American cultural anthropologist, identified three main types of reciprocity in his book Stone Age Economics (1972).
  • 互酬（ごしゅう、英: Reciprocity）は、文化人類学、経済学、社会学などにおいて用いられる概念。人類学においては、義務としての贈与関係や相互扶助関係を意味する。日本語では互酬性という表記も見られる。 カール・ポランニーは、社会統合の主要なパターンのひとつとして互酬を位置づけ、互酬は対称性のパターンによって財とサービスのギブ・アンド・テイクを促進するとした。マーシャル・サーリンズは、互酬の内容を分類し、分析を加えている。互酬の例として、ブロニスワフ・マリノフスキが研究をしたトロブリアンド諸島のクラや、マルセル・モースが研究をした太平洋岸北西部のポトラッチがあげられる。クラに見られるように、共同体の外部に対する互酬は交易の形をとることがあり、沈黙交易をはじめとする管理交易も含まれる。また、ヘシオドスの『仕事と日』は、部族社会の変化によって互酬関係が衰え、孤立した家政が入り込んできた時代を描いているという解釈がされることもある。
  • Resiprositet er et begrep innen samfunnsforskningen som brukes for å definere uformelle økonomiske systemer i ulike samfunn. Resiprositet, i betydningen menneskers uformelle byttehandling av varer og tjenester, er grunnlaget for de fleste økonomier utenfor markedsøkonomien. Siden så godt som alle mennesker lever i en eller annen slags form for samfunn og har et minimum av eiendeler, er resiprositet noe som er felles for alle kulturer.
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  • In cultural anthropology and sociology, reciprocity is a way of defining people's informal exchange of goods and labour; that is, people's informal economic systems. It is the basis of most non-market economies. Since virtually all humans live in some kind of society and have at least a few possessions, reciprocity is common to every culture. Marshall Sahlins, a well known American cultural anthropologist, identified three main types of reciprocity in his book Stone Age Economics (1972).
  • Resiprositet er et begrep innen samfunnsforskningen som brukes for å definere uformelle økonomiske systemer i ulike samfunn. Resiprositet, i betydningen menneskers uformelle byttehandling av varer og tjenester, er grunnlaget for de fleste økonomier utenfor markedsøkonomien. Siden så godt som alle mennesker lever i en eller annen slags form for samfunn og har et minimum av eiendeler, er resiprositet noe som er felles for alle kulturer.
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  • Reciprocity (cultural anthropology)
  • 互酬
  • Resiprositet (sosiologi)
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