In railroading, the pilot is the device mounted at the front of a locomotive to deflect obstacles from the track that might otherwise derail the train. In some countries it is also called cowcatcher. The term "pilot", and the item itself, derive from North American usage. Additional to the pilot small metal bars called life-guards or rail guards are provided immediate in front of the wheels. They knock away smaller obstacles laying on the running surface of the railhead.

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  • In railroading, the pilot is the device mounted at the front of a locomotive to deflect obstacles from the track that might otherwise derail the train. In some countries it is also called cowcatcher. The term "pilot", and the item itself, derive from North American usage. Additional to the pilot small metal bars called life-guards or rail guards are provided immediate in front of the wheels. They knock away smaller obstacles laying on the running surface of the railhead. Some fenced-off railway systems in Europe used in earlier days only these devices without pilots. Trams use in place of the pilot a device called a fender. Objects laying on the tram track get hit by a sensor bracket, which triggers the lowering of a basket shaped device to the ground preventing overrunning of the obstacles by dragging it along the road surface in front of the wheels. In snowy areas the pilot has also the function of a snowplow. Most modern European rail vehicles must have pilots with snowplow function and rail guards by law. The required strength of the system is 30 kN in the middle of the track and 50 kN near the rails. The pilot was invented by Charles Babbage in the 19th century, during his period of working for the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. However, Babbage's invention was not built, and it is uncertain whether later users were aware of Babbage's idea. On a road locomotive, the pilot has to successfully deflect an obstacle hit at speed; the ideal is to push it upwards and sideways out of the way. The locomotive should not lift on impact or the train will follow, and the ideal is for a fairly smooth structure so that the locomotive will not get caught and pulled sideways off the track either. The typical shape is a blunt wedge that is shallowly V-shaped in plan. In the later days of steam locomotives, the front coupler was designed to swing out of the way also, so it could not get caught up; this was called a drop coupler pilot. Early on, pilots were normally fabricated of bars mounted on a frame; later on, sheet metal pilots were often used for their additional smoothness, and some cast steel pilots were employed for their mass and smooth shape. Early diesel locomotives followed the same plan. Slower speed locomotives often had a pilot with steps on it to allow yard workers to ride on the locomotive; these were called footboard pilots. Footboard pilots were outlawed for safety reasons in the 1960s and were removed. Modern locomotives often have front and rear platforms with safety rails where workers can ride. Modern diesel locomotives have flatter, less wedge shaped pilots; this is because a diesel locomotive has the cab near the front, and the crew are vulnerable to impact from obstacles pushed up by the pilot. Indeed, most are fitted with a device known as an anti-climber above the coupler to prevent struck objects from travelling up over the frame and through the cab area.
  • Schienenräumer, (Bahnräumer) sind Vorrichtungen an Schienenfahrzeugen, die vor dem fahrenden Fahrzeug Fremdkörper von den Schienen bzw. von Gleis beiseite schieben. Sie werden verwendet, um Entgleisungen sowie auch Schäden am Fahrzeug und beispielsweise an tiefliegenden Achsen der nachfolgenden Fahrzeuge (z. B. bei der Rollenden Landstraße) zu verhindern. Die Ausführungsarten sind unterschiedlich und meist an die Bahnstrecke und die aus der Umgebung zu erwartenden Störeinflüsse angepasst. In einfachster Ausführung sind dies zwei weit vorn am Triebfahrzeug angebrachte senkrechte Stäbe, die sich dicht über der Schienenoberkante befinden. Häufig wird der Schienenräumer mit einem Schneeräumer kombiniert, wobei entsprechende schaufel- oder pflugartige Vorrichtungen an den Triebfahrzeugfronten montiert werden. Eine der bekanntesten Schienenräumer-Arten ist der typische weit vorstehende Kuhfänger ("Cowcatcher", heute in den USA als "pilot" bezeichnet) amerikanischer Lokomotiven. Erstmals wurde ein solcher Schienenräumer bei der US-amerikanischen Dampflokomotive "John Bull" verwendet. Erfunden wurde der "Cowcatcher" von Charles Babbage.
  • Karja-aura, virallisesti esteenraivaaja, on linja-ajoon rakennetuissa höyryvetureissa oleva aurarakenne. Karja-auran rakenne on avoin; se muodostuu ala- ja yläreunojen vaakasuuntaisesta kehyksestä jotka on yhdistetty vahvoilla terästangoilla. Joissakin rakenteissa on lisäksi paksut teräslevyt sivustoja vahvistamassa. Rakennelmaa käytettiin erityisesti silloin, kun rataosuudet kulkivat metsäisten seutujen halki; auran tarkoituksena oli siirtää radalle mahdollisesti kaatuneet pienehköt puut ja muut vastaavat esteet sivuun; samoin se esti tällaisia joutumasta koneistoon. Myös radalle harhaantuneet kotieläimet tai suurempi riista, esimerkiksi peurat, olisivat voineet aiheuttaa pahojakin vaurioita osuessaan suoraan veturiin. Nyt karja-aura esti vahingot; se itsessään saattoi kylläkin vaurioitua tällaisessa törmäyksessä - usein korjaamattomaksi asti - mutta vahinko oli näin huomattavasti pienempi. Diesel- ja sähkövetureissa karja-auraa ei pääsääntöisesti ole. Järjestelyhöyryvetureissa se pääsääntöisesti korvattiin vaihtotyössä hyödyllisellä astinlaudalla.
  • カウキャッチャー（cowcatcher）とは、鉄道車両に付く牛避けのバンパー状のもの。
  • Файл:Cowcatcher (PSF). png Наметельник на паровозе Наметельник  — устройство, смонтированное на передней части локомотива или головном вагоне МВПС, для удаления с железнодорожного пути любых посторонних предметов: скота, снега, веток деревьев и т.  д. Архаичное название применявшееся некоторое время после изобретения этого устройства — скотоотбрасыватель, буквальный перевод с англ. cowcatcher. Хотя это название и используется до настоящего времени в некоторых официальных документах (протоколы ДТП на железнодорожных переездах), а также неспециалистами, но широко оно не применяется.
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  • In railroading, the pilot is the device mounted at the front of a locomotive to deflect obstacles from the track that might otherwise derail the train. In some countries it is also called cowcatcher. The term "pilot", and the item itself, derive from North American usage. Additional to the pilot small metal bars called life-guards or rail guards are provided immediate in front of the wheels. They knock away smaller obstacles laying on the running surface of the railhead.
  • Schienenräumer, (Bahnräumer) sind Vorrichtungen an Schienenfahrzeugen, die vor dem fahrenden Fahrzeug Fremdkörper von den Schienen bzw. von Gleis beiseite schieben. Sie werden verwendet, um Entgleisungen sowie auch Schäden am Fahrzeug und beispielsweise an tiefliegenden Achsen der nachfolgenden Fahrzeuge (z. B. bei der Rollenden Landstraße) zu verhindern.
  • Karja-aura, virallisesti esteenraivaaja, on linja-ajoon rakennetuissa höyryvetureissa oleva aurarakenne. Karja-auran rakenne on avoin; se muodostuu ala- ja yläreunojen vaakasuuntaisesta kehyksestä jotka on yhdistetty vahvoilla terästangoilla. Joissakin rakenteissa on lisäksi paksut teräslevyt sivustoja vahvistamassa.
  • カウキャッチャー（cowcatcher）とは、鉄道車両に付く牛避けのバンパー状のもの。
  • Файл:Cowcatcher (PSF). png Наметельник на паровозе Наметельник  — устройство, смонтированное на передней части локомотива или головном вагоне МВПС, для удаления с железнодорожного пути любых посторонних предметов: скота, снега, веток деревьев и т.  д.
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  • Pilot (locomotive)
  • Schienenräumer
  • Karja-aura
  • カウキャッチャー (鉄道)
  • Метельник
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