Phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC) are a type of fuel cell that uses liquid phosphoric acid as an electrolyte. The electrodes are made of carbon paper coated with a finely-dispersed platinum catalyst, which make them expensive to manufacture. They are not affected by carbon monoxide impurities in the hydrogen stream. Phosphoric acid solidifies at a temperature of 40 °C, making startup difficult and restraining PAFCs to continuous operation.
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- Phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC) are a type of fuel cell that uses liquid phosphoric acid as an electrolyte. The electrodes are made of carbon paper coated with a finely-dispersed platinum catalyst, which make them expensive to manufacture. They are not affected by carbon monoxide impurities in the hydrogen stream. Phosphoric acid solidifies at a temperature of 40 °C, making startup difficult and restraining PAFCs to continuous operation. However, at an operating range of 150 to 200 °C, the expelled water can be converted to steam for air and water heating. Phosphoric acid fuel cells have been used for stationary applications with a combined heat and power efficiency of about 80%, and they continue to dominate the on-site stationary fuel cell market. Major manufacturers of PAFC technology include UTC Power (also known as UTC Fuel Cells), a unit of United Technologies, as well as HydroGen Corporation . As of 2005, there were close to 300 "PureCell" 200 kW units by UTC Power in service globally.
- Die Phosphorsäurebrennstoffzelle (engl. Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell, PAFC) ist eine Mitteltemperatur-Brennstoffzelle.
- Les piles à combustible à acide phosphorique (ou PAFC d'après l'anglais phosphoric acid fuel cells) sont un type de pile à combustible qui utilise l'acide phosphorique comme électrolyte.
- Le pile a combustibile all'acido fosforico (Phosphoric acid fuel cells, PAFC) sono un tipo di pila a combustibile che usa l'acido fosforico liquido come elettrolita. Gli elettrodi sono fatti in carta carbone rivestita con un catalizzatore in platino finemente disperso, che le rende costose da produrre. Non hanno il problema delle impurità di monossido di carbonio nel flusso di idrogeno. L'acido fosforico solidifica ad una temperatura di 40 °C, il che rende l'accensione difficile e costringe le pile ad un funzionamento continuo. Tuttavia, con una temperatura compresa tra i 150 e i 200 °C, l'acqua espulsa può essere convertita in vapore per il riscaldamento di acqua e aria. Le pile a combustibile all'acido fosforico sono state usate per applicazioni stazionarie nella cogenerazione con un rendimento dell'80% e dominano tuttora il mercato delle celle a combustibile fisse. Il principale costruttore di questa tecnologia è la UTC Power (anche conosciuta come UTC Fuel Cells), una unità della United Technologies Corporation . Al 2005 c'erano quasi 300 unità da 200 kW "PureCell" della UTC Power in funzione nel mondo.
- De fosforzuurbrandstofcel (PAFC, Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell) is het eerste type brandstofcel dat verkocht werd en is rechtstreeks afgeleid van het concept dat William Grove in 1839 gemaakt heeft. Dit type brandstofcel is rond 1965 voor het eerst gefabriceerd. In de jaren daarna is hij door verbeteringen stukken stabieler geworden, ging hij beter functioneren en werd het een stuk goedkoper om de PAFC te produceren. De elektroden bestaan uit koolstof, de elektrolyt uit geconcentreerd fosforzuur (H3PO4) en als katalysator is er platina aanwezig. De reactie die plaatsvindt is hetzelfde als bij de meeste cellen: Aan de anode <math>\mathrm{H_2 \to 2\ H^+ + 2\ e^-}</math> en aan de kathode <math>\mathrm{1/2 \ O_2 + 2\ H^+ + 2\ e^- \to H_2O}</math> Dat geeft de totale reactie <math>\mathrm{1/2 \ O_2 + H_2 \to H_2O}</math>
- Ogniwo paliwowe z kwasem fosforowym, PAFC (ang. Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell) - to rodzaj ogniwa paliwowego w którym jako elektrolit wykorzystuje się kwas fosforowy. W związku ze swoją wielkością, masą oraz znacznym czasem rozruchu, znajdują powszechne zastosowanie w rozwiązaniach do stałej zabudowy. Zaletą tego typu ogniw jest wysoka sprawność, rzędu 80%. Temperatura pracy PAFC wynosi 150-200°C. Ciepło uzyskiwane za pomocą tego ogniwa wykorzystuje się w kogeneracji. Ogniwa fosforanowe odkryto w latach osiemdziesiątych XX w. Obecnie na świecie pracuje kilkaset jednostek tego typu, o mocach od 50 kW do 200 kW (te ostatnie o sprawności rzędu 37%).
- Fosforik asit yakıt hücresi (FAYH), elektrolit olarak sıvı fosforik asit kullanan yakıt hücresidir. Elektrotlar karbon kâğıttan yapılmış olup ince yayılmış platin katalizör ile kaplıdır ve bu nedenle üretimleri pahalıdır. Hidrojen akımındaki karbon dioksit varlığından etkilenmez. Fosforik asit 40C de katılaşır, dolayısıyla hücreyi çalıştırmak ve çalışmasını sürdürmek zordur. Oysa 150 ile 200C ler arasındaki sıcaklıklarda atılan su, buhara dönüşür ve su ısıtmada kullanılabilir. FAYH ler daha çok durağan (sabit) uygulamalar için uygun olup ısı ve güç termodinamik verimi yaklaşık %80 dir.
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- Phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC) are a type of fuel cell that uses liquid phosphoric acid as an electrolyte. The electrodes are made of carbon paper coated with a finely-dispersed platinum catalyst, which make them expensive to manufacture. They are not affected by carbon monoxide impurities in the hydrogen stream. Phosphoric acid solidifies at a temperature of 40 °C, making startup difficult and restraining PAFCs to continuous operation.
- Die Phosphorsäurebrennstoffzelle (engl. Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell, PAFC) ist eine Mitteltemperatur-Brennstoffzelle.
- Les piles à combustible à acide phosphorique (ou PAFC d'après l'anglais phosphoric acid fuel cells) sont un type de pile à combustible qui utilise l'acide phosphorique comme électrolyte.
- Le pile a combustibile all'acido fosforico (Phosphoric acid fuel cells, PAFC) sono un tipo di pila a combustibile che usa l'acido fosforico liquido come elettrolita. Gli elettrodi sono fatti in carta carbone rivestita con un catalizzatore in platino finemente disperso, che le rende costose da produrre. Non hanno il problema delle impurità di monossido di carbonio nel flusso di idrogeno.
- De fosforzuurbrandstofcel (PAFC, Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell) is het eerste type brandstofcel dat verkocht werd en is rechtstreeks afgeleid van het concept dat William Grove in 1839 gemaakt heeft. Dit type brandstofcel is rond 1965 voor het eerst gefabriceerd. In de jaren daarna is hij door verbeteringen stukken stabieler geworden, ging hij beter functioneren en werd het een stuk goedkoper om de PAFC te produceren.
- Ogniwo paliwowe z kwasem fosforowym, PAFC (ang. Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell) - to rodzaj ogniwa paliwowego w którym jako elektrolit wykorzystuje się kwas fosforowy. W związku ze swoją wielkością, masą oraz znacznym czasem rozruchu, znajdują powszechne zastosowanie w rozwiązaniach do stałej zabudowy. Zaletą tego typu ogniw jest wysoka sprawność, rzędu 80%. Temperatura pracy PAFC wynosi 150-200°C. Ciepło uzyskiwane za pomocą tego ogniwa wykorzystuje się w kogeneracji.
- Fosforik asit yakıt hücresi (FAYH), elektrolit olarak sıvı fosforik asit kullanan yakıt hücresidir. Elektrotlar karbon kâğıttan yapılmış olup ince yayılmış platin katalizör ile kaplıdır ve bu nedenle üretimleri pahalıdır. Hidrojen akımındaki karbon dioksit varlığından etkilenmez. Fosforik asit 40C de katılaşır, dolayısıyla hücreyi çalıştırmak ve çalışmasını sürdürmek zordur.
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- Phosphoric acid fuel cell
- Phosphorsäurebrennstoffzelle
- Pile à combustible à acide phosphorique
- Pila a combustibile all'acido fosforico
- Fosforzuurbrandstofcel
- Ogniwo paliwowe z kwasem fosforowym
- Fosforik asit yakıt hücresi
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