Phan Đình Phùng was a Vietnamese revolutionary who led rebel armies against French colonial forces in Vietnam. He was the most prominent of the Confucian court scholars involved in anti-French military campaigns in the 19th century and was cited after his death by 20th-century nationalists as a national hero.
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- Phan Đình Phùng was a Vietnamese revolutionary who led rebel armies against French colonial forces in Vietnam. He was the most prominent of the Confucian court scholars involved in anti-French military campaigns in the 19th century and was cited after his death by 20th-century nationalists as a national hero. He was renowned for his uncompromising will and principles—on one occasion, he refused to surrender even after the French had desecrated his ancestral tombs and had arrested and threatened to kill his family. Born into a family of mandarins from Ha Tinh Province, Phan continued his ancestors' traditions by placing first in the metropolitan imperial examinations in 1877. Phan quickly rose through the ranks under Emperor Tu Duc of the Nguyen Dynasty, gaining a reputation for his integrity and uncompromising stance against corruption. Phan was appointed as the Imperial Censor, a position that allowed him to criticise his fellow mandarins and even the emperor. As the head of the censorate, Phan's investigations led to the removal of many incompetent or corrupt mandarins. Upon Tu Duc's death, Phan almost lost his life during a power struggle in the imperial court. The regent Ton That Thuyet disregarded Tu Duc's will of succession, and three emperors were deposed and killed in just over a year. Phan protested against Thuyet's activities, was stripped of his honours and briefly jailed, before being exiled to his home province. At the time, France had just conquered Vietnam and made it a part of French Indochina. Along with Thuyet, Phan organised rebel armies as part of the Can Vuong movement, which sought to expel the French and install the boy Emperor Ham Nghi at the head of an independent Vietnam. This campaign continued for three years until 1888, when the French captured Ham Nghi and exiled him to Algeria. Phan and his military assistant Cao Thang continued their guerrilla campaign, building a network of spies, bases and small weapons factories. However, Cao Thang was killed in a campaign in late 1893. The decade-long campaign eventually wore Phan down, and he died from dysentery as the French surrounded his forces.
- 潘廷逢（1847年－1896年1月21日）是帶領越南義軍反對法國殖民统治的越南独立军事家。他是19世紀反抗法國统治的突出的儒学者之一。他死後被20世紀前的民族主義者赞誉為越南民族英雄。他因他不妥協的志向，以及在法國人褻瀆了他的祖先墳塋和拘捕并且威脅殺害他的家庭後仍然堅守拒绝投降的原則而聞名。 潘廷逢生於河靜省的一個官宦家庭，1877年，他維持了祖先的傳統，在阮朝的科舉考試中考取状元。潘廷逢迅速冒起，晉升至在阮朝皇帝嗣德帝轄下一級，並因他的正直上和對腐敗不妥協的姿態而聲名大噪。潘廷逢被任命為御史，並允許他批評官吏甚至皇帝。潘廷逢作為檢查院長官，調查並撤除了許多無能和腐敗的官員。 嗣德皇駕崩後，潘廷逢幾乎在皇室權力爭奪間喪生。攝政的尊室説無視嗣德皇遺詔，在一年多的時間內，接連廢除和殺死三個皇帝。潘廷逢因為反對尊室説的舉動，被剝奪榮譽和短暫監禁，之後便被放逐到他的家鄉。 此時，法國征服了越南並使她成為法属印度支那的一部份。潘廷逢與尊室説一起，組織起義軍參加勤王運動，意圖把法國人逐出越南。他們立了仍是一名男孩的咸宜帝為帝，作為已獨立的越南的象征。這次運動延續了三年，直至1888年，法國擄獲了咸宜帝并把他放逐到阿爾及利亞，運動才結束。 潘廷逢和他的副將高勝繼續他們的游擊戰，並發展間諜網、基地和小武器工廠。 然而，高勝在1893年末一次戰鬥中被殺害。長達十年的鬥爭最終使潘廷逢的實力耗盡，他在被法國人包圍時死去。 很長時間以來法國人聲稱潘廷逢死於痢疾。但越南聲稱潘廷逢是英勇戰死的。
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- Phan Đình Phùng, 19th-century Vietnamese scholar and anti-colonial revolutionary
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- Imperial Censor of Emperor Tu Duc
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- 1st place, Metropolitan imperial examinations, 1877
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- Phan Đình Phùng was a Vietnamese revolutionary who led rebel armies against French colonial forces in Vietnam. He was the most prominent of the Confucian court scholars involved in anti-French military campaigns in the 19th century and was cited after his death by 20th-century nationalists as a national hero.
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