| dbpprop:abstract
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- The Perso-Arabic script is a writing system that is based on the Arabic alphabet. Originally used exclusively for the Arabic language, the Arabic script was modified to match the Persian language, adding four letters: پ [p], چ [tʃ], ژ [ʒ], and گ [g]. Many languages which use the Perso-Arabic script add additional letters. The Perso-Arabic script has been applied, beside to the Persian alphabet itself, to the Urdu alphabet, Saraiki alphabet, Kurdish Sorani alphabet, Lurish, Ottoman Turkish alphabet, Balochi alphabet, Punjabi Shahmukhi script, Tatar, Azeri, and several others. In order to represent non-Arabic sounds, new letters were created by adding dots, lines, and other shapes to existing letters. For example, the retroflex sounds of Urdu are represented orthographically by adding a small ط above their non-retroflex counterparts: د [d̪] and ڈ [ɖ]. The voiceless retroflex fricative [ʂ] of Pashto is represented in writing by adding a dot above and below the س [s] letter, resulting in ښ. The close central rounded vowel [ʉ] of Kurdish is written by writing two ﻭ [u], resulting in ﻭﻭ. The Perso-Arabic script is exclusively written cursively. That is, the majority of letters in a word connect to each other. This is also implemented on computers. Whenever the Perso-Arabic script is typed, the computer connects the letters to each other. Unconnected letters are not widely accepted. In Perso-Arabic, as in Arabic, words are written from right to left while numbers are written from left to right. There are many Arabic-derived alphabets which were not influenced by the Perso-Arabic script, including Jawi, Sorabe, and many alphabets used in Northern Africa. These alphabets used other innovations for writing such common sounds as [p] and [g], instead of the Perso-Arabic letters پ and گ, although the Jawi script does use the same symbol for [tʃ] (چ). A characteristic feature of this script, possibly tracing back to Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics, is that vowels are underrepresented. For example, in Classical Arabic, of the six vowels, the three short ones are normally omitted entirely (except in the Qur'an), while the three long ones are represented ambiguously by certain consonants. Only Kashmiri, Uyghur and Kurdish, of the many languages using adaptations of this script, regularly indicate all vowels.
- Fars alfabesi, Farsça'nın İran ve Afganistan'da kullanılan yazı sistemidir. Arap alfabesine dayanır, bu alfabeye Arapça'da bulunmayıp Farsça'da bulunan ژ,چ,پ ve گ harflerinin eklenmesiyle oluşmuştur. Osmanlı alfabesi büyük ölçüde bu alfabeden uyarlanmıştır.
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| rdfs:comment
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- The Perso-Arabic script is a writing system that is based on the Arabic alphabet. Originally used exclusively for the Arabic language, the Arabic script was modified to match the Persian language, adding four letters: پ [p], چ [tʃ], ژ [ʒ], and گ [g]. Many languages which use the Perso-Arabic script add additional letters.
- Fars alfabesi, Farsça'nın İran ve Afganistan'da kullanılan yazı sistemidir. Arap alfabesine dayanır, bu alfabeye Arapça'da bulunmayıp Farsça'da bulunan ژ,چ,پ ve گ harflerinin eklenmesiyle oluşmuştur. Osmanlı alfabesi büyük ölçüde bu alfabeden uyarlanmıştır.
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