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- Paul I or Paulus I or Saint Paul the Confessor (died c.350), sixth bishop of Constantinople, elected AD 336 or 340. His feast day is on June 7. He was a native of Thessalonica, a presbyter of Constantinople, and secretary to the aged bishop Alexander of Constantinople, his predecessor in the see. No sooner had Alexander breathed his last the Arian and Orthodox parties came into open conflict. The Orthodox party prevailed; Paulus was elected and consecrated by bishops who happened to be at Constantinople in the Church of Peace, close to what was afterwards the Hagia Sophia. The Emperor Constantius II had been away during these events. On his return he was angry at not having been consulted. He summoned a synod of Arian bishops, declared Paulus quite unfit for the bishopric, banished him, and transported Eusebius of Nicomedia to Constantinople. This is thought to have been in 338; Eusebius died in 341. Paulus was at once restored by the people to his see; however the Arians seized the occasion; Theognis of Nicaea, Theodorus of Heraclea, and other heterodox bishops, consecrated bishop Macedonius in the church of St. Paul; and again the city became the prey of a civil war. The emperor was at Antioch when he heard of this, where he ordered Hermogenes, his general of cavalry, to see that Paulus was again expelled. The people would not hear of violence being done to their bishop; they rushed upon the house where the general was, set fire to it, killed him on the spot, tied a rope round his feet, pulled him out from the burning building, and dragged him in triumph round the city. Constantius was not likely to pass over this rebellion against his authority. He rode on horseback at full speed to Constantinople, determined to make the people suffer heavily for their revolt. They met him, however, on their knees with tears and entreaties, and he contented himself with depriving them of half their allowance of corn, but ordered Paulus to be driven from the city. Athanasius of Alexandria was then in exile from Alexandria, Marcellus from Ancyra, and Asclepas from Gaza; with them Paulus betook himself to Rome and consulted Pope Julius I, who examined their cases severally, found them all staunch to the creed of Nicaea, admitted them to communion, espoused their cause, and wrote strongly to the bishops of the East. Athanasius and Paulus recovered their sees; the Eastern bishops replied to Pope Julius altogether declining to act on his advice. Constantius was again at Antioch, and as resolute as ever against the choice of the people of Constantinople. Philippus, prefect of the East, was there, and was ordered to once more expel Paulus and to put Macedonius definitely in his place. Philippus was not ready to incur the risks and fate of Hermogenes; he said nothing about the imperial order. At a splendid public bath called Zeuxippus, adjoining a palace by the shore of the Hellespont, Philippus asked bishop Paulus to meet him, as if to discuss some public business. When Paulus arrived, he showed him the emperor's letter, and ordered him to be quietly taken through the palace to the waterside, placed on board ship, and carried off to Thessalonica, his native town. Philippus allowed him to visit Illyricum and the remote provinces, but forbade him to set foot again in the East. Paulus was afterwards loaded with chains and taken to Singara in Mesopotamia, then to Emesa, and finally to Cucusus in Armenia, where he died.
- Pau I de Constantinoble (Paulus, Παυ̂λος) fou patriarca de Constantinoble. Era nadiu de Tessalònica. Era un jove prevere de l'església de la capital quan va morir Alexandre de Constantinoble i fou elegit com a successor, amb suport dels homoosians o ortodoxos, mentre els arrians volien elegir a Macedoni. Aquest va tractar d'impedir l'elecció de Pau amb una denuncia per mala conducta, que no va prosperar. L'emperador va convocar un concili que va anul·lar l'elecció, i Pau fou enviat al Pont i el va substituir Eusebi, bisbe de Nicomèdia. Aquest va morir el 342 i el poble va fer restaurar a Pau que sembla que s' havia escapat del seu exili i havia anat a Roma; els bisbes arrians van elegir a Macedoni; tot això va portar disturbis, mentre l'emperador Constanci era absent; el magister militum Hermògenes, va intentar expulsar a Pau, però va morir a mans de les masses. Constanci va retornar a la capital i va ordenar l'expulsió de Pau, sense reconèixer però l'elecció de Macedoni. Pau va anar a Roma on va trobar el suport del papa Juli I, que va enviar una carta als bisbes orientals ordenant la reposició de Pau i altres bisbes expulsats de les seves seus, i acusant als que els havien deposat. Així Pau va tornar a Constantinoble però els bisbes orientals van fer un concili a Antioquia el 343 on van desafiar al papa. L'emperador Constanci II, que era a Antioquia, va ordenar altre cop expulsar a Pau, cosa que va encarregar a Filip, prefecte del pretori; Filip va intentar actuar diplomàticament i va enviar un emissari a Pau aconseguint la seva sortida; però quan va voler col·locar a la seu a Macedoni, van esclatar disturbis i van morir tres mil persones. Segons Sòcrates, Pau va anar a Tessalònica i després a l'oest, i li fou prohibit el retorn a Orient; però un altre versió diu que fou enviat carregat de cadenes a Singara a Mesopotàmia, i més tard a Emesa a Síria. La causa de Pau i d'Atanasi va rebre el suport de l'església occidental i de l'emperador Constant, germà de Constanci II. El concili de Sardica el 347 va decretar la restauració de Pau però Constanci va refusar acceptar aquest resultat; finalment ho va acceptar per un acord amb el seu germà però a la mort d'aquest Pau fou expulsat altre cop i enviat en exili a Cucusus a Capadòcia, on es diu que fou mort pels seus guardians i enterrat a Ancira, però podria haver mort simplement de malaltia. Fou considerat un màrtir i les seves restes foren portades després a Constantinoble, sota Teodosi I el Gran, i enterrat a l'església després coneguda com Sant Pau.
- Paolo I fu vescovo di Costantinopoli in tre distinti periodi, 337-339, 341-342 e 346-350. Considerato santo dalla Chiesa ortodossa, la sua memoria è celebrata il 6 novembre. Visse in un periodo in cui i contrasti tra la fazione ariana e quella nicena causarono morti e violenze.
- Архиепископ Павел исповедник (греч. Νέας Ρώμης Παύλος Α΄) — родился в Солуне; был избран константинопольским архиепископом после смерти Александра в 337 году, когда вновь вспыхнула арианская ересь. На Соборе, избиравшем нового предстоятеля церкви, присутствовало много ариан. Они восставали против избрания святителя Павла, но православных членов Собора оказалось большинство. Император Констанций, царствовавший над восточной половиной Римской империи, был арианин. Во время выборов патриарха его не было в Константинополе. По возвращении своем, он созвал собор, который незаконно низложил святителя Павла, и император изгнал его из столицы. На место святителя возвели арианина Евсевия Никомидийского, занимавшего престол с 339 по 341 год. Архиепископ Павел удалился в Рим, где нашли себе приют и другие православные епископы, изгнанные Евсевием. Недолго управлял Церковью Евсевий. Когда он умер, святитель Павел вернулся в Константинополь. Он с любовью был встречен паствой. Но Констанций вторично изгнал святого, и ему пришлось возвратиться в Рим. Император Констант написал своему восточному соправителю Констанцию грозное письмо, которое отправил в Константинополь со святым архипастырем-изгнанником. Угрозы подействовали, и святитель Павел был возвращен на свою кафедру. Однако вскоре император Констант, защитник православных, был предательски убит во время дворцового переворота. Святителя Павла вновь изгнали из столицы и отправили в ссылку в Армению, в город Кукуз, где он принял мученическую кончину. Когда он совершал Божественную литургию, ворвались ариане и задушили Павла его святительским омофором. Произошло это в 350 году. В 381 году император Феодосий Великий торжественно перенес мощи святителя Павла исповедника, из Кукуза в Константинополь. В 1326 году мощи святителя Павла перенесены в Венецию. Православная церковь совершает память святителя Павла 6 ноября.
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