Sir Patrick Manson was a Scottish physician who made important discoveries in parasitology and was the founder of the tropical medicine field. He was the second son of John Manson and Elizabeth née Blakie. He obtained the Bachelor of Medicine at the University of Aberdeen in 1865, his Master of Surgery in 1866 and his Medical Doctorate and Doctor of Law in 1866.
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- Sir Patrick Manson was a Scottish physician who made important discoveries in parasitology and was the founder of the tropical medicine field. He was the second son of John Manson and Elizabeth née Blakie. He obtained the Bachelor of Medicine at the University of Aberdeen in 1865, his Master of Surgery in 1866 and his Medical Doctorate and Doctor of Law in 1866. Manson traveled to Formosa in 1866 as a medical officer to the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs, where he started a lifelong career in the research of tropical medicine. After 5 years in Formosa (Taiwan), he transferred to Amoy, on the Chinese coast where he worked for another 13 years. Between 1883 and 1889 he practised medicine Hong Kong. He spent his early years researching Filaria (a small worm that causes elephantiasis). Manson focused his time on searching for Filaria in blood taken from his patients. From this he began to work out the life cycle of Filaria and through painstaking observation discovered that the worms were only present in the blood during the night and were absent during the day. He used to conduct experiments on his gardener, Hin Lo, who was infected with the Filaria. He would get mosquitoes to feed off his blood while he slept and then dissect the mosquitoes filled with Hin Lo's blood. “I shall not easily forget the first mosquito I dissected. I tore off its abdomen and succeeded in expressing the blood the stomach contained. Placing this under the microscope, I was gratified to find that, so far from killing the Filaria, the digestive juices of the mosquito seemed to have stimulated it to fresh activity. ” Manson observed that the Filaria only developed as far as an embryo within the human blood and that the mosquito must have a role in the life cycle of the Filaria. Through these early experiments he started to hypothesise about the role of mosquitoes and the spread of disease. Out of this arose the mosquito-malaria theory, which suggested that agent that causes malaria was also spread by a mosquito. This discovery was one of the most important medical breakthroughs of the time. Under the constant supervision of Manson, Sir Ronald Ross described the full life cycle of the plasmodium inside the female mosquito. Manson's theory was finally proved by Ross in 1898, who later won the Nobel Prize in 1902 for this discovery. Manson also demonstrated a new species of Schistosoma known as Schistosoma mansoni. He was the first to import cows from his native Scotland to Hong Kong and thus establish a dairy farm in Pok Fu Lam in 1885 and the company Dairy Farm in Hong Kong. He was the founder of the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese, where Sun Yat-sen was one of his first pupils. In 1896, through his contacts at the Foreign Office, Manson managed to secure the release of Sen after he had been kidnapped in London by Chinese officials. Sen went onto become the first President of the Republic of China. In 1911 Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese became the University of Hong Kong. He returned to London in 1889 and in 1897 Manson was appointed as Chief Medical Officer to the Colonial Office. It was here that he used his influence to push for the foundation of a School of Tropical Medicine at the Albert Dock Seamen's Hospital. The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine was opened on 2nd October 1899. He was elected to the Royal Society in 1900, knighted in 1903 and in the following year awarded an honorary Doctorate of Science by the University of Oxford. He became the first president of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine in 1907. He retired from the colonial office in 1912. Manson married in 1876 to Henrietta Isabella Thurbun, with whom he had three sons and one daughter. His daughter married Philip Heinrich Bahr, one of Manson's pupils at the London School of Tropical medicine. Sir Philip Manson-Bahr CMG DSO MD FRCP (Lond) became a leader in the field of tropical medicine in his own right. In 1995 Manson's grandson, Dr Clinton Manson-Bahr won the Manson medal which is awarded triennially. It is the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine's highest mark of distinction for contributions to tropical medicine.
- Patrick Manson war ein schottischer Mediziner. Er gilt als einer der Begründer der modernen Tropenmedizin.
- Sir Patrick Manson est un médecin britannique, né le 3 octobre 1844 à Old Meldrum près d'Aberdeen et mort le 9 avril 1922 à Londres.
- Patrick Manson fu un medico ricercatore, pioniere della parassitologia, e ritenuto il fondatore della disciplina della Medicina Tropicale. Figlio di John Manson ed Elizabeth Blakie, dopo essersi laureato in Medicina e Chirurgia presso l’Università di Aberdeen nel 1865, si specializzò in chirurgia nel 1866. Il suo primo impiego fu come assistente medico presso il "Durham County Mental Asylum", che abbandonò dopo un anno. Il suo fratello maggiore, che lavorava a Shanghai, lo convinse a trasferirsi in Oriente. Visse a Formosa e nel 1866 fu impiegato come ufficiale medico presso la dogana marittima dell’Impero Cinese dove iniziò la sua esperienze di ricerca nell'ambito della medicina tropicale. Dopo aver trascorso sull’isola 5 anni, su consiglio del console britannico, nel 1871 si trasferì ad Amoy, nella provincia cinese di Fujian, dove lavorò presso l'Ospedale Missionario Battista, per altri 13 anni. Fra il 1886 e il 1889 praticò come medico ad Hong Kong. Durante questi periodi spese il suo tempo nello studio dell'elefantiasi. Nel 1877, Manson trovò le microfilarie di Wuchereria bancrofti nel sangue di uomini e cani e propose che fossero gli agenti eziologici della malattia, ne ipotizzò il ciclo vitale e la trasmissione: scoprì forme larvali della filaria in zanzare del genere Culex, alle quali aveva fatto pungere il suo cameriere cinese affetto da elefantiasi. Manson dimostrò che le zanzare acquisivano le microfilarie con il pasto ematico, ma non si spiegava come poi venissero di nuovo trasmesse all'uomo: pensava che le filarie uscissero dalle zanzare, contaminassero le acque potabili e infettassero l'uomo attraverso l'ingestione (come per la dracunculiasi) o per penetrazione della cute (come per le schistosomiasi). La trasmissione con la puntura della zanzara fu ipotizzata dal parassitologo australiano Thomas Bancroft e dimostrata dall'assistente di Manson, George Carmichael Low, che trovò le microfilarie nella proboscide delle zanzare. Nel 1894 Manson ipotizzò per primo che i protozoi del genere Plasmodium, agenti eziologici della malaria, fossero trasmessi all'uomo da una zanzara. Questa tesi fu dimostrata nel 1897 da Ronald Ross, che perciò vinse il premio Nobel nel 1902. Manson si sposò nel 1876 con Henrietta Isabella Thurbun, dalla quale ebbe tre figli e una figlia. Fondò l' "Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese", il primo istituto sanitario cinese che applicasse i principi e le nozioni della medicina occidentale: il rivoluzionario comunista cinese Sun Yat-sen fu uno dei suoi primi studenti. Nel 1911 l'istituto diverrà l'Università di Hong Kong. Tornò a Londra nel 1890. Nel 1897 scoprì un nuovo genere di filaria che avrebbe preso il nome di Mansonella. Nel 1899 partecipò alla fondazione della Scuola di Medicina Tropicale presso l' "Albert Dock Seamen's Hospital" di Greenwich a Londra, che divenne la "London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine" e vi insegnò per anni. Fu ammesso alla Royal Society nel 1900, e nominato baronetto nel 1903; l'anno successivo fu insignito della laurea onoraria in Scienze presso l'Università di Oxford. Nel 1902, presso il "Seamen's Hospital" Manson trovò delle uova d'elminta con la spina laterale, nelle feci di un uomo caraibico e propose l'esistenza di una specie intestinale di Schistosoma, patogena per l'uomo. Nel 1907 Luigi Westenra Sambon della "London School of Tropical Medicine" descrisse il parassita scoperto da Manson, e, convinto che appartenesse a una specie di Schistosoma diversa da quella descritta da Theodor Bilharz, lo chiamò Schistosoma mansoni, in onore del suo maestro.
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- Sir Patrick Manson was a Scottish physician who made important discoveries in parasitology and was the founder of the tropical medicine field. He was the second son of John Manson and Elizabeth née Blakie. He obtained the Bachelor of Medicine at the University of Aberdeen in 1865, his Master of Surgery in 1866 and his Medical Doctorate and Doctor of Law in 1866.
- Patrick Manson war ein schottischer Mediziner. Er gilt als einer der Begründer der modernen Tropenmedizin.
- Sir Patrick Manson est un médecin britannique, né le 3 octobre 1844 à Old Meldrum près d'Aberdeen et mort le 9 avril 1922 à Londres.
- Patrick Manson fu un medico ricercatore, pioniere della parassitologia, e ritenuto il fondatore della disciplina della Medicina Tropicale. Figlio di John Manson ed Elizabeth Blakie, dopo essersi laureato in Medicina e Chirurgia presso l’Università di Aberdeen nel 1865, si specializzò in chirurgia nel 1866. Il suo primo impiego fu come assistente medico presso il "Durham County Mental Asylum", che abbandonò dopo un anno.
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- Patrick Manson
- Patrick Manson
- Patrick Manson
- Patrick Manson
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