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- Panoramafreiheit, translated literally into English as Freedom of Panorama or Panorama Freedom, is a provision in the copyright laws of Germany that permits taking pictures or creating other images (such as paintings) of buildings and sculptures which are permanently located in a public place without infringing any copyright that may subsist in such works, and to publish such images. Panoramafreiheit limits the right of the copyright owner to take action for breach of copyright against the photographer or anyone distributing the resultant image. It is an exception to the normal rule that the copyright owner has the exclusive right to authorize the creation and distribution of derivative works. Many countries have similar provisions restricting the scope of copyright law in order to explicitly permit photographs involving scenes of public places or scenes photographed from public places. Other countries, though, differ widely in their interpretation of the principle. It is defined in article 59 of the German Urheberrechtsgesetz, in article 27 of the Swiss Urheberrechtsgesetz, in section 62 of the United Kingdom Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, and it exists in several other countries. In the United States, there is no such encompassing rule; the only similar article is 17 USC 120(a), which exempts the creation of pictorial representations of buildings from the architect's copyright. In the European Union, Directive 2001/29/EC provides for the possibility of member states having a similar clause in their copyright laws, but does not require such a rule. Some countries, such as France or Belgium, do not have this global permission for making images at public places at all and allow images of copyrighted works only under "incidental inclusion" clauses. The precise extent of this permission to make pictures in public places without having to worry about copyrighted works being in the image differs amongst countries. In most countries, it applies only to images of three-dimensional works that are permanently installed in a public place, "permanent" typically meaning "for the natural lifetime of the work". In Switzerland, even taking and publishing images of two-dimensional works such as murals or graffiti is permitted, provided such images cannot be used for the same purpose as the originals. But there are also more subtle differences: Whereas in Germany the permission applies only if both the depicted work and the photographer were on public ground when the image was taken, the photographer's location is irrelevant in Austria. In many Eastern European countries, the copyright laws limit this permission to non-commercial uses of the image only. Also, there are international differences in the definition of a "public place". In most countries, this includes only outdoor spaces (for instance, in Germany) while some other countries also include public museums (this is for instance the case in the UK and in Russia). There are also European countries where there is still no freedom of panorama at all. In Italy, despite many official protests and a national initiative led by the lawyer Guido Scorza and the journalist Luca Spinelli (the one who revealed the lack), the publishing of photographic reproductions of public places is still prohibited, in accordance with the old Italian copyright laws.
- Unter Panoramafreiheit (oder auch Straßenbildfreiheit) versteht man die Freiheit, urheberrechtlich geschützte Gegenstände (z. B. Kunstobjekte oder Gebäude), die von öffentlichen Verkehrswegen aus auf Privatgrundstücken zu sehen sind, bildlich wiedergeben zu dürfen. Dies betrifft sowohl das bloße Anfertigen etwa einer Fotografie als auch ihre Veröffentlichung. In allen Staaten, die Mitglied der Berner Übereinkunft zum Schutz von Werken der Literatur und Kunst sind, gelten entsprechende Regelungen verschiedener Strenge.
- La liberté de panorama est une exception au droit d'auteur par laquelle il est permis de reproduire une œuvre protégée se trouvant dans l'espace public. Selon les pays, cette exception peut concerner les œuvres d'art et/ou les œuvres d'architecture.
- La libertà di panorama (in inglese freedom of panorama) è una limitazione del diritto d'autore che consente di scattare e riprodurre fotografie di edifici, opere e luoghi pubblici, senza infrangere il diritto d'autore di alcuno. La libertà di panorama è di norma soggetta a speciali regolamentazioni nelle leggi sul copyright locali, emanate con lo scopo di garantire una ragionevole libertà di fotografare in luoghi pubblici. Queste norme, in genere, consentono di scattare e pubblicare fotografie di edifici visibili al pubblico e scene non private da luoghi pubblici. L'estensione degli usi consentiti per tali fotografie è di solito ampia e dipende dalla particolare formulazione della legge o della clausola.
- Panoramavrijheid is een begrip uit de auteursrechtwetgeving. Het betekent dat foto's van door de auteursrechten beschermde driedimensionale werken (vooral beeldhouwwerken en gebouwen) gemaakt en gebruikt mogen worden zonder vergoeding aan de auteursrechtenhouders te betalen. Wetgeving inzake panoramavrijheid is verschillend per land, ondanks harmonisering van de auteursrechtenwetgeving. In sommige landen is alleen niet-commercieel gebruik van de afbeeldingen van beschermde werken toegestaan. Meestal is de panoramavrijheid alleen van kracht als het werk permanent op een openbare plaats opgesteld is. De definitie van openbare plaats kan hierbij verschillen.
- Свобо́да панора́мы — это возможность фотографировать и свободно распространять изображения защищённых авторскими правами объектов (зданий, скульптур и т. д. ), находящихся в общественных местах. В законодательстве разных стран права на фотографирование объектов различаются. В частности, эти правила очень строгие во Франции (вплоть до того, что по некоторым положениям нельзя свободно помещать фотографию Эйфелевой башни) и менее строги в Германии и значительном количестве других стран, в которых считается, что фотографии объектов и людей на улице или в публичных местах не запрещены для публикации.
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- Panoramafreiheit, translated literally into English as Freedom of Panorama or Panorama Freedom, is a provision in the copyright laws of Germany that permits taking pictures or creating other images (such as paintings) of buildings and sculptures which are permanently located in a public place without infringing any copyright that may subsist in such works, and to publish such images.
- Unter Panoramafreiheit (oder auch Straßenbildfreiheit) versteht man die Freiheit, urheberrechtlich geschützte Gegenstände (z. B. Kunstobjekte oder Gebäude), die von öffentlichen Verkehrswegen aus auf Privatgrundstücken zu sehen sind, bildlich wiedergeben zu dürfen. Dies betrifft sowohl das bloße Anfertigen etwa einer Fotografie als auch ihre Veröffentlichung.
- La liberté de panorama est une exception au droit d'auteur par laquelle il est permis de reproduire une œuvre protégée se trouvant dans l'espace public. Selon les pays, cette exception peut concerner les œuvres d'art et/ou les œuvres d'architecture.
- La libertà di panorama (in inglese freedom of panorama) è una limitazione del diritto d'autore che consente di scattare e riprodurre fotografie di edifici, opere e luoghi pubblici, senza infrangere il diritto d'autore di alcuno. La libertà di panorama è di norma soggetta a speciali regolamentazioni nelle leggi sul copyright locali, emanate con lo scopo di garantire una ragionevole libertà di fotografare in luoghi pubblici.
- Panoramavrijheid is een begrip uit de auteursrechtwetgeving. Het betekent dat foto's van door de auteursrechten beschermde driedimensionale werken (vooral beeldhouwwerken en gebouwen) gemaakt en gebruikt mogen worden zonder vergoeding aan de auteursrechtenhouders te betalen. Wetgeving inzake panoramavrijheid is verschillend per land, ondanks harmonisering van de auteursrechtenwetgeving. In sommige landen is alleen niet-commercieel gebruik van de afbeeldingen van beschermde werken toegestaan.
- Свобо́да панора́мы — это возможность фотографировать и свободно распространять изображения защищённых авторскими правами объектов (зданий, скульптур и т. д. ), находящихся в общественных местах.
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