Operation Epsom, also known as the First Battle of the Odon, was a Second World War British offensive that took place between 26 and 30 June 1944, during the Battle of Normandy. The offensive was intended to outflank and seize the German-occupied city of Caen, a major Allied objective in the early stages of the invasion of northwest Europe.
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- Tactically indecisive
Strategic Allied victory
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- 2 Infantry Divisions
1 Armoured Division
1 Armoured Brigade
1 Tank Brigade
- 3 SS Panzer Divisions
1 SS heavy tank battalion
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- Tactically indecisive
Strategic Allied victory
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- 2 Infantry Divisions
1 Armoured Division
1 Armoured Brigade
1 Tank Brigade
- 3 SS Panzer Divisions
1 SS heavy tank battalion
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- Operation Epsom, also known as the First Battle of the Odon, was a Second World War British offensive that took place between 26 and 30 June 1944, during the Battle of Normandy. The offensive was intended to outflank and seize the German-occupied city of Caen, a major Allied objective in the early stages of the invasion of northwest Europe. Preceded by attacks to secure the lines of advance, Operation Epsom was launched early on 26 June, with units of the 15th (Scottish) Infantry Division advancing behind a rolling artillery barrage. Air cover would be sporadic for much of the operation, as poor weather in the United Kingdom forced the last-minute cancellation of bomber support. Supported by the tanks of the 31st Tank Brigade, the 15th Scottish made steady progress, and by the end of the first day had largely overrun the German outpost line, although some difficulties remained in securing the flanks of the advance. In heavy fighting over the following two days, a foothold was secured across the River Odon, and efforts were made to expand this by capturing strategic points around the salient and moving up the 43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division. However, in response to powerful German counterattacks, by 30 June some of the British positions across the river were withdrawn, bringing the operation to a close. Military historians have widely differed in their interpretations of the intention and conduct of Operation Epsom, but there is general agreement concerning its effect on the balance of forces in Normandy. Although the Germans had managed to contain the offensive, to do so they had been obliged to commit all their available strength, including two panzer divisions newly arrived in Normandy and earmarked for a planned offensive against British and American positions around Bayeux. Casualties were heavy on both sides, but unlike General Bernard Montgomery, Field Marshal Erwin Rommel was unable to withdraw units into reserve after the battle, as they were needed to hold the front line. The British retained the initiative, and were able to launch further operations over the following weeks, eventually capturing Caen towards the end of July.
- L’opération Epsom a été une offensive britannique de la Seconde Guerre mondiale qui a eu lieu entre le 26 et le 30 juin 1944 au cours de la bataille de Normandie. La manœuvre avait pour but de déborder et de capturer la ville de Caen occupée par les Allemands. Caen était l'un des principaux objectifs alliés dès le début de la bataille de Normandie. Précédée par des attaques destinées à garantir l'avancée des lignes, l'opération Epsom a été lancé au début du 26 juin, avec des unités de la 15th (Scottish) Infantry Division progressant derrière un tir de barrage de l'artillerie. Un soutien supplémentaire par des bombardiers a été prévu, mais de mauvaises conditions météorologiques ont conduit à son annulation. Du coup, la couverture aérienne sera faible pendant une grande partie de l'opération. Soutenu par les chars d'assaut de la 31st Tank Brigade, la division d'infanterie fit des progrès réguliers et, à la fin de la première journée avait largement dépassé la première ligne allemande, malgré encore quelques difficultés à conquérir les flancs de la percée. Suite à de violents combats au cours des deux jours suivants, un point a été sécurisé sur la rivière Odon, et des efforts ont été faits pour capturer des points stratégiques autour de celui-ci et le ralliement de la 43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division. Toutefois, suite à de puissantes contre-attaques allemandes le 30 juin, certaines des positions britanniques ont été abandonnées, menant l'opération à son terme. Les historiens militaires ont eu des interprétations très différentes sur le but et la conduite de l'opération Epsom, mais il existe un consensus concernant ses effets sur l'équilibre des forces en Normandie. Bien que les Allemands aient réussi à contenir l'offensive, ils ont été obligés d'utiliser toutes leurs forces disponibles, y compris deux divisions de Panzers nouvellement arrivés dans la région et affectés à un projet d'offensive contre les Britanniques et les positions américaines autour de Bayeux. Les pertes furent lourdes des deux côtés, mais contrairement au général Bernard Montgomery, le maréchal Erwin Rommel n'a pas été en mesure de retirer ses unités pour les reposer après la bataille, car elles étaient nécessaires pour tenir la ligne de front. Les Britanniques conservèrent l'initiative et ont été en mesure de lancer de nouvelles opérations au cours des semaines suivantes, capturant Caen le 8 juillet.
- Durante la Seconda guerra mondiale, Operazione Epsom fu il nome in codice adottato dal comando Alleato per indicare l'attacco condotto dalle forze britanniche con l'obiettivo di conquistare la cittadina francese di Caen. Tre attacchi condotti dalle unità canadesi e scozzesi dell'VIII Corpo britannico, tra il 26 giugno e il 1º luglio 1944 con limitati obiettivi locali, vennero tutti respinti a prezzo di pesanti perdite. Gli attacchi, preceduti da intensi bombardamenti d'artiglieria, contribuirono alla creazione di una serie di varchi sul fronte tedesco nel settore ovest della città, e una massiccia infiltrazione di truppe britanniche verso sud. Tuttavia una serie di contrattacchi tedeschi sul fianco destro dell'avanzata britannica, limitarono tutti i tentativi alleati di spingersi a sud verso Baron-sur-Odon. L'Operazione Epson fu seguita dall'Operazione Charnwood.
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- An ammunition carrier of the 11th Armoured Division explodes after it is hit by a mortar round during Operation Epsom – 26 June 1944.
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- 4,020–4,078 casualties
- Over 3,000 casualties
126 tanks knocked out
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- VIII Corps, Second Army. Supporting attacks made by elements of XXX Corps, Second Army.
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- Break out of the bridgehead, west of Caen, advance across the Orne River and capture the highground south of Caen near Bretteville-sur-LaizeJackson, p. 28
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- Tactically indecisiveClark, p. 100
Strategic Allied victory
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- 2 Infantry DivisionsClark, pp. 34, 35, 36
1 Armoured Division
1 Armoured Brigade
1 Tank Brigade
- 3 SS Panzer Divisions
5 ad-hoc battle groupsClark, pp. 24, 63, 73
1 SS heavy tank battalionClark, p. 28
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- Operation Epsom, also known as the First Battle of the Odon, was a Second World War British offensive that took place between 26 and 30 June 1944, during the Battle of Normandy. The offensive was intended to outflank and seize the German-occupied city of Caen, a major Allied objective in the early stages of the invasion of northwest Europe.
- L’opération Epsom a été une offensive britannique de la Seconde Guerre mondiale qui a eu lieu entre le 26 et le 30 juin 1944 au cours de la bataille de Normandie. La manœuvre avait pour but de déborder et de capturer la ville de Caen occupée par les Allemands. Caen était l'un des principaux objectifs alliés dès le début de la bataille de Normandie.
- Durante la Seconda guerra mondiale, Operazione Epsom fu il nome in codice adottato dal comando Alleato per indicare l'attacco condotto dalle forze britanniche con l'obiettivo di conquistare la cittadina francese di Caen. Tre attacchi condotti dalle unità canadesi e scozzesi dell'VIII Corpo britannico, tra il 26 giugno e il 1º luglio 1944 con limitati obiettivi locali, vennero tutti respinti a prezzo di pesanti perdite.
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- Operation Epsom
- Opération Epsom
- Operazione Epsom
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