Old Frisian is a West Germanic language spoken between the 8th and 16th centuries in the area between the Rhine and Elbe on the European North Sea coast. Whether the speakers of Frisian are the immediate descendants of the Frisians of Roman times or immigrants from North Germany and Denmark is unknown. The language of the earlier inhabitants of the region is attested only in a few personal names and place-names. Old Frisian evolved into Middle Frisian spoken from the 16th to the 19th century.
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- Old Frisian is a West Germanic language spoken between the 8th and 16th centuries in the area between the Rhine and Elbe on the European North Sea coast. Whether the speakers of Frisian are the immediate descendants of the Frisians of Roman times or immigrants from North Germany and Denmark is unknown. The language of the earlier inhabitants of the region is attested only in a few personal names and place-names. Old Frisian evolved into Middle Frisian spoken from the 16th to the 19th century. In the early Middle Ages, Frisia stretched from the area around Bruges, in what is now Belgium, to the river Weser, in northern Germany. At the time, the Frisian language was spoken along the entire southern North Sea coast. This region is referred to as Greater Frisia or Frisia Magna, and many of the areas within it still treasure their Frisian heritage. However by 1300, their territory had been pushed back to the Zuyder Sea and the Frisian language survises along the coast only as a substrate. The people from North Germany and Denmark who settled in England from about 400 onwards, came from the same regions and spoke more or less the same language as the people who lived in Frisia (as medieval Friesland is usually called to distinguish it from the present-day regions with that name). Hence, a close relationship exists between Old Frisian and Old English.
- Die altfriesische Sprache ist der gemeinsame Vorläufer der modernen friesischen Sprachen. Sie ist überliefert in Rechtsbüchern und Urkunden aus dem 13. bis 16. Jahrhundert aus dem Gebiet zwischen Weser und IJsselmeer. Die altfriesische Sprache hat eine recht altertümliche Form und kann daher auf dieselbe Entwicklungsstufe wie das Altenglische, Altniederdeutsche oder Althochdeutsche gestellt werden, auch wenn es eher zur selben Zeit wie das Mittelenglische, Mittelniederdeutsche und Mittelhochdeutsche geschrieben wurde.
- L'antico frisone era una lingua parlata tra l'ottavo e il sedicesimo secolo dalla gente che, dalle terre della Danimarca e della Germania settentrionale, si erano stabilite nella zona tra il Reno e l'Elba nel quarto e quinto secolo. La lingua degli abitanti precedenti non è conosciuta. Il Frisone antico si è poi evoluto nel frisone moderno, parlato a partire dal XVI secolo. Durante l'età medievale, i Fryslân si estesero dall'area attorno a Bruges, in quello che oggi è il Belgio, fino al fiume Weser, nella Germania settentrionale. In quel periodo la lingua Frisone era parlata lungo l'intera costa meridionale del Mare del Nord. Oggi questa regione viene detta Grande Frisia o Frisia Magna. I coloni partiti dalla Germania settentrionale e dalla Danimarca che si stabilirono in Inghilterra dal quarto secolo in poi venivano dalle stesse regioni e quindi parlavano la stessa lingua di quelli stabilitisi in Frisia. Esisteva quindi una forte somiglianza tra il Frisone antico e l'antico inglese. Questa somiglianza si rinforzò durante l'eta mediana, quando le due lingue subirono diversi cambiamenti nella grammatica e nella fonetica, mentre le altre lingue del ceppo nord-germanico non le subirono o vennero poco influenzate.
- Met 'Oudfries' wordt de oudste fase in de Friese taal aangeduid. De periode van pakweg 1100 tot 1575 wordt hiermee aangeduid. Na 1575 wordt het doorgaans aangeduid als Middelfries. Deze periode is gekozen, omdat de oudste overgeleverde geschriften uit ongeveer 1100 dateren, zoals de 17 Keuren. De eerste optekening van een verzameling algemeen-Friese Keuren dateert zelfs al van de eerste helft van de 11e eeuw. Al voor die tijd werd er in het Westen en Noorden van het huidige Nederland Oudfries gesproken. Er zijn wel oudere, zogenaamde Anglofriese runen bekend, maar die zijn uiterst moeilijk te interpreteren. Het Oudfries heeft in vergelijking met de Oudgermaanse oorsprong – uiteraard – een heel eigen ontwikkeling meegemaakt; ontwikkelingen die het in meer en mindere mate mate deelt met andere Oudgermaanse dialecten, zoals het Angelsaksisch, het Oudsaksisch, het Oudnederlands en het Oudhoogduits. Het eigenaardige aan het Fries is dat het zijn archaïsche vormen nog tot in de Nieuwe Tijd behouden heeft, terwijl de andere Westgermaanse talen in de late Middeleeuwen langzaam hun klinkers verloren. Het Fries heeft zijn Middelfase vrijwel overgeslagen en is bijna direct in de Nieuwfriese periode beland. Overigens zijn ons van de veranderingen van Oud- naar Nieuwfries geen schriftelijke bronnen overgeleverd; de verandering vond plaats in de eeuwen na de teloorgang van de Friese vrijheid en vóór het werk van Gysbert Japicx.
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- Old Frisian is a West Germanic language spoken between the 8th and 16th centuries in the area between the Rhine and Elbe on the European North Sea coast. Whether the speakers of Frisian are the immediate descendants of the Frisians of Roman times or immigrants from North Germany and Denmark is unknown. The language of the earlier inhabitants of the region is attested only in a few personal names and place-names. Old Frisian evolved into Middle Frisian spoken from the 16th to the 19th century.
- Die altfriesische Sprache ist der gemeinsame Vorläufer der modernen friesischen Sprachen. Sie ist überliefert in Rechtsbüchern und Urkunden aus dem 13. bis 16. Jahrhundert aus dem Gebiet zwischen Weser und IJsselmeer.
- L'antico frisone era una lingua parlata tra l'ottavo e il sedicesimo secolo dalla gente che, dalle terre della Danimarca e della Germania settentrionale, si erano stabilite nella zona tra il Reno e l'Elba nel quarto e quinto secolo. La lingua degli abitanti precedenti non è conosciuta. Il Frisone antico si è poi evoluto nel frisone moderno, parlato a partire dal XVI secolo.
- Met 'Oudfries' wordt de oudste fase in de Friese taal aangeduid. De periode van pakweg 1100 tot 1575 wordt hiermee aangeduid. Na 1575 wordt het doorgaans aangeduid als Middelfries. Deze periode is gekozen, omdat de oudste overgeleverde geschriften uit ongeveer 1100 dateren, zoals de 17 Keuren. De eerste optekening van een verzameling algemeen-Friese Keuren dateert zelfs al van de eerste helft van de 11e eeuw.
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- Old Frisian
- Altfriesische Sprache
- Antico frisone
- Oudfries
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