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- OBERIU (in Russian, ОБэРИу - Объединение реального искусства, An Association of Real Art) was a short-lived avant-garde grouping of Russian post-Futurist poets in 1920s-1930s. The OBERIU was founded in 1928 by Daniil Kharms and Alexander Vvedensky. Some scholars say that the OBERIU manifesto was penned mostly by the poet Nikolay Zabolotsky with the help of Kharms. In any case, the historical group included at its core Daniil Kharms, Alexander Vvedensky, Nikolay Zabolotsky, Konstantin Vaginov, Igor Bakhterev, though there were others involved, including actors, musicians and filmmakers. The great Russian artist Kazimir Malevich gave the OBERIU shelter in his newly created arts institute for a while, letting them rehearse in one of the auditoriums. It is reported that he said to the young "Oberiuty" (as they are called in Russian): "You are young trouble makers, and I am an old one. Let's see what we can do. " Malevich also gifted a book of his own ("God Is Not Cast Down") to one of the founders of OBERIU (Daniil Kharms), with the relevant inscription "Go and stop progress!". The OBERIU group became notorious for provocative performances which included circus-like stunts, readings of what was perceived as nonsensical verse, and theatrical presentations that some view as preceding and foreshadowing the European Theatre of the Absurd (for instance, Kharms's play, "Elizabeth Bam"). The group's actions were derided as "literary hooliganism" in the ever-more conservative press of the late 1920s. It was chastised even more in the early 1930s, and many of its associates were arrested (though most were released quickly). Hence, the OBERIU has often been called "the last Soviet avant-garde. " (See Jean-Phillipe Jaccard's book on Daniil Kharms. ) In the 1930s, Socialist Realism and Stalin's purges precluded the formation of any such "leftist" or "radical" public artistic groupings. After about 1931, The OBERIU held no more public performances, and most of those involved showed their writing only to a small circle of friends, though one went on to become a marginally accepted Soviet poet (Zabolotsky). Though the group was held together for a while by common interest, some split away. Zabolotsky seems to have had a falling out with Vvedensky. In the 1930s Kharms and Vvedensky became more closely involved with a group of friends who met semi-regularly for what they called "conversations. Yakov Druskin, a Christian philosopher and music-theorist, was a key member of this group. Druskin and his friend Leonid Lipavsky (a children's writer under the name of Leonid Savelyev, and an amateur mathematician and author of philosophical tracts) had known Alexander Vvedensky in high-school, and had become friends with Kharms and Zabolotsky as well. Lipavsky actually wrote down a number of the "conversations. " Nikolay Oleynikov, an editor at the children's publishing house which had long employed the young poets of the OBERIU as writers and translators of children's literature, became part of this group by the mid-thiries. This later grouping, which had no public outlet, is generally called the "chinari" (i.e. "the titled ones") group in Russian literary scholarship, though it is uncertain that they ever formalized a name for the group, nor that they called themselves "chinari" with any consistency. Thus the names "OBERIU" and "chinari" are somewhat interchangeable in the scholarship and refer genrarlly to these writers and thinkers whether officially involved in the OBERIU project or not. The borders between the two groups are (and were) permeable, and the only basic continuity is the presence of Kharms and Vvedensky.
- OBERIU (russisch ОБЭРИУ - Объединение реального искусства, „Vereinigung der realen Kunst“) war eine avantgardistische Künstlervereinigung in St. Petersburg. OBERIU wurde 1927 gegründet und existierte bis zu ihrem staatlichen Verbot im Jahr 1930. Die Oberiuten forderten in ihrem Manifest u. a. die Gleichberechtigung verschiedener Kunstrichtungen nebeneinander. Bekannte Mitglieder waren Daniil Charms und Alexander Wwedenski.
- OBERIU (ven. ОБэРИу - Объединение реального искусства, Todellisen taiteen yhdistys) oli venäläisten avantgarderunoilijoiden 1920- ja 1930-luvuilla muodostama ryhmittymä. Siihen kuuluivat muun muassa Daniil Harms, Aleksandr Vvedenski, Nikolai Zabolotski ja Nikolai Oleinikov. Oberiu oli tunnettu illanvietoistaan, joissa yhdisteltiin luovasti eri taiteenlajeja.
- ОБЭРИУ (Объединение Реального Искусства) — группа писателей и деятелей культуры, существовавшая в 1927 — начале 1930-е-х гг. в Ленинграде. В группу входили Даниил Хармс, Александр Введенский, Николай Заболоцкий, Константин Вагинов, Юрий Владимиров, Игорь Бахтерев, Дойвбер (Борис Михайлович) Левин и др. , к обэриутам были близки Николай Олейников, Евгений Шварц, философы Яков Друскин и Леонид Липавский, а также Казимир Малевич, Павел Филонов и ученицы Филонова Татьяна Глебова и Алиса Порет. ОБЭРИУты декларировали отказ от традиционных форм искусства, необходимость обновления методов изображения действительности, культивировали гротеск, алогизм, поэтику абсурда. Нападки со стороны официозной критики, невозможность печататься заставили некоторых обэриутов переместиться в «нишу» детской литературы (Введенский, Хармс, Владимиров и др.). Многие участники ОБЭРИУ были репрессированы, погибли в заключении.
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