The Northwest Semitic languages form a medium-level division of the Semitic language family. The languages of this group are spoken by approximately eight million people today. The group is generally divided into three branches: Ugaritic, Canaanite and Aramaic. Semiticists often group the Northwest Semitic languages together with Arabic to form the larger Central Semitic group, noting Arabic's distinctive relationship to the languages of this group.

PropertyValue
dbpprop:abstract
  • The Northwest Semitic languages form a medium-level division of the Semitic language family. The languages of this group are spoken by approximately eight million people today. The group is generally divided into three branches: Ugaritic, Canaanite and Aramaic. Semiticists often group the Northwest Semitic languages together with Arabic to form the larger Central Semitic group, noting Arabic's distinctive relationship to the languages of this group. The extinct Ugaritic language is the earliest witness to Northwest Semitic. Phonologically, Ugaritic has lost the sound /dˤ/, replacing it with /sˤ/ (the same shift occurred in Akkadian). That this same sound became /ʕ/ in Aramaic (although in Ancient Aramaic, it was written with qoph), suggests that Ugaritic is not the parent language of the group. An example of this sound shift can be seen in the word for earth: Ugaritic /ʔarsˤ/ (’arṣ), Hebrew /ʔɛrɛsˤ/ (’ereṣ) and Aramaic /ʔarʕaː/ (’ar‘ā’). They were originally spoken throughout the area that is covered by modern-day Israel, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, and the Sinai. The vowel shift from /aː/ to /oː/ distinguishes Canaanite from Ugaritic. Also, in the Canaanite group, the series of Semitic interdental fricatives become sibilants: /ð/, /θ/ and /zˤ/ became /z/, /ʃ/ and /sˤ/ respectively. The effect of this sound shift can be seen by comparing the following words:
  • Die nordwestsemitischen Sprachen bilden einen Zweig der semitischen Sprachfamilie. Zu ihnen gehören unter anderem das Hebräische, Aramäische und Ugaritische.
  • Severozápadní semitské jazyky jsou jednou ze tří podskupin semitských jazyků. Jelikož vnitřní dělení semitských jazyků odpovídá i jejich geografickému rozšíření (alespoň ve starověku), severozápadní skupina zahrnuje jazyky rozšířené v obasti Sýrie a Kenaánu, tedy přibližně na území dnešních zemí Sýrie, jihovýchodního Turecka, Izraele, Palestiny, Jordánska a Libanonu. Severozápadní semitské jazyky se dále dělí na dvě větší skupiny, na aramejskou a kenaánskou. Aramejská skupina zahrnuje aramejštinu a její odnože a formy, jichž bylo v průběhu staletí velmi mnoho. Do této skupiny spadá i samalština, pokud ji považujeme za samostatný jazyk. Kenaánská skupina obsahuje féničtinu a její formy a hebrejštinu a její formy moabštinu, pravděpodobně i amonštinu a edomštinu.
  • As línguas semíticas do noroeste (também ditas levânticas ou levantinas) formam uma divisão de nível médio da família linguística semítica. As línguas deste grupo são faladas por aproximadamente oito milhões de pessoas hoje em dia. O grupo geralmente é dividido em três ramos: o ugarítico, o cananeu. Semitistas frequentemente agrupam as línguas semíticas do noroeste com o árabe, formando assim o grupo semítico central, o que indica a relação particular do árabe com as línguas deste grupo. O ugarítico, já extinto, foi o primeiro exemplo do semítico noroeste. Em termos fonológicos, o ugarítico perdeu o som /dˤ/, e o substituiu pelo /sˤ/ (a mesma mudança ocorreu no acádio). Este mesmo som se tornou o /ʕ/ no aramaico (embora no antigo aramaico ele fosse escrito com o qoph), o que sugere que o ugarítico não seria um dos idiomas maternos do grupo. Um exemplo desta mudança sonora pode ser visto na palavra que significa "terra": em ugarítico /ʔarsˤ/ (’arṣ), em hebraico /ʔɛrɛsˤ/ (’ereṣ) e em aramaico /ʔarʕaː/ (’ar‘ā’). Eram falados originalmente por toda a área dos atuais Israel, Síria, Jordânia, Líbano e o Sinai. A mudança vocálica ocorrida nas línguas cananeias, de /aː/ a /oː/]], diferencia estes idiomas do ugarítico. Também no grupo cananeu as interdentais fricativas semíticas se tornam sibilantes: /ð/, /θ/ e /zˤ/ se tornam /z/, /ʃ/ e /sˤ/ respectivamente. O efeito desta mudança vocálica pode ser visto na comparação das seguintes palavras:
dbpprop:altname
  • Levantine
dbpprop:child
dbpprop:fam
dbpprop:familycolor
  • Afro-Asiatic
dbpprop:hasPhotoCollection
dbpprop:name
  • Northwest Semitic
dbpprop:region
  • concentrated in the Middle East
dbpprop:wikiPageUsesTemplate
rdf:type
rdfs:comment
  • The Northwest Semitic languages form a medium-level division of the Semitic language family. The languages of this group are spoken by approximately eight million people today. The group is generally divided into three branches: Ugaritic, Canaanite and Aramaic. Semiticists often group the Northwest Semitic languages together with Arabic to form the larger Central Semitic group, noting Arabic's distinctive relationship to the languages of this group.
  • Die nordwestsemitischen Sprachen bilden einen Zweig der semitischen Sprachfamilie. Zu ihnen gehören unter anderem das Hebräische, Aramäische und Ugaritische.
  • Severozápadní semitské jazyky jsou jednou ze tří podskupin semitských jazyků. Jelikož vnitřní dělení semitských jazyků odpovídá i jejich geografickému rozšíření (alespoň ve starověku), severozápadní skupina zahrnuje jazyky rozšířené v obasti Sýrie a Kenaánu, tedy přibližně na území dnešních zemí Sýrie, jihovýchodního Turecka, Izraele, Palestiny, Jordánska a Libanonu.
  • As línguas semíticas do noroeste (também ditas levânticas ou levantinas) formam uma divisão de nível médio da família linguística semítica. As línguas deste grupo são faladas por aproximadamente oito milhões de pessoas hoje em dia. O grupo geralmente é dividido em três ramos: o ugarítico, o cananeu.
rdfs:label
  • Northwest Semitic languages
  • Nordwestsemitische Sprachen
  • Severozápadní semitské jazyky
  • Línguas semíticas do noroeste
owl:sameAs
skos:subject
foaf:page
is dbpprop:child of
is dbpprop:fam of
is dbpprop:redirect of
is owl:sameAs of