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- Niceto Alcalá-Zamora y Torres served, briefly, as the first prime minister of the Second Spanish Republic, and then — from 1931 to 1936—as its president. Alcalá-Zamora was born in Priego de Cordoba, Spain, son of Manuel Alcalá-Zamora y Caracuel (brother of Gregorio and Luis) and wife Francisca Torres y del Castillo (sister of Gloria, married to José de Torres y Ortega, and Enriqueta), paternal grandson of Gregorio Alcalá-Zamora y García and wife ... Caracuel y ... and maternal grandson of Juan Manuel Torres y Baro and wife ... del Castillo y .... A lawyer by profession, from a very young age he was active in the Liberal Party. Chosen as a deputy, he quickly gained fame for his eloquent interventions in the Congress of Deputies, arriving to be minister of Promotion in 1917 and of War in 1922, comprised part of the governments of concentration presided over by García Prieto. He was also Spain’s representative in the League of Nations. Disappointed by the acceptance on the part of the King, Alfonso XIII, of the coup d'état by General Miguel Primo de Rivera on September 13, 1923, Alcalá-Zamora did not collaborate with the new regime. After the departure of the dictator in 1930 he declared himself a republican in a meeting that took place on April 13 in the Apolo theater of Valencia. He was one of the instigators of the Pact of San Sebastián. The failure of the military uprising (Revolt of Jaca), in Aragon, of that same year took him to prison, as member of the revolutionary committee. But he left jail after the municipal elections of 12 April 1931. In these elections, although the monarchist candidates won more overall votes than the republicans did, the republicans did so well in the provincial cities that Alfonso soon abandoned power. Without waiting for a fresh election, Alcalá-Zamora put himself at the head of a revolutionary provisional government, becoming the 122nd Prime Minister, which occupied the ministries in Madrid on 14 April and which proclaimed the Second Spanish Republic. Confirmed as Prime Minister in June, he resigned on 15 October, along with Miguel Maura, Minister of the Interior. Both men opposed the writing of articles 24 and 26 of the new Constitution; these articles, consecrated the separation of Church-State and made possible the dissolution of the religious orders considered dangerous for the State. Alcalá-Zamora and Maura said that these articles injured their religious feelings as well as those of the Catholic electorates which they represented. Nevertheless, on 10 December 1931 Alcalá-Zamora was elected President, by 362 votes out of 410 present deputies (the Chamber was composed of 446 deputies). In 1933 he dissolved the Cortes (parliament), which cost Alcalá-Zamora critical support on the part of the left. The subsequent elections of November 1933 gave victory to the right, to which Alcalá-Zamora was very hostile, with constant institutional confrontations throughout its term in office. The party with the highest number of votes was the Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas (CEDA), but it did not have enough seats to govern on its own. Alcalá-Zamora refused to appont CEDA leader José María Gil-Robles prime minister and instead appointed Alejandro Lerroux, who then cooperated with the CEDA. In October 1934 Gil-Robles obtained two ministerial portfolios for CEDA; the following March he acquired three more, though at first he stopped short of trying to obtain the office of Prime Minister. When in the end he decided to try for that post, Alcala-Zamora dissolved the Cortes (January 7, 1936) specifically to avoid that outcome. Though congress controversially decided that the dissolution had been illegal, elections were held and resulted in a narrow victory for the left-wing. The new parliament then applied a constitutional loophole to oust Alcala-Zamora: the Constitution allowed the Cortes to remove the President from office after two early dissolutions, and while the first (1933) dissolution had been partially justified because of the fulfillment of the Constitutional mission of the first legislature, the second one had been a simple bid to trigger early elections. Deeming such action "unjustified", the newly elected Cortes dismissed the President on 7 April 1936 and elected Manuel Azaña to the position. Azaña was detested by the right and Zamora's removal was a watershed moment, when many Spaniards gave up and parliamentary politics. The beginning of the Spanish Civil War surprised Alcalá-Zamora, who was on a trip to Scandinavia at the time. He decided to stay away from Spain when he found out that militiamen of the Popular Front government had illegally entered his home, stolen his belongings and plundered his safe-deposit box in the Madrid Crédit Lyonnais bank, taking the manuscript of his memoirs. When World War II began, Alcalá-Zamora was in France. Due to the German occupation and the collaborationist attitude of the Vichy government, he left France and went to Argentina in January 1942. There he lived on money derived from his books, articles and conferences. An offer was allegedly made to him that he would be left unmolested if he did go back, since a son of his was married to a daughter of General Gonzalo Queipo de Llano, one of the leaders of the uprising. If the offer ever occurred it came to naught, because he did not want to return to Spain under Franco. Alcalá-Zamora died in Buenos Aires. His body was returned to Spain in 1979, and he was interred in Madrid's Cementerio de la Almudena. He was married to his cousin ... del Castillo y ... , and had issue: Niceto Alcalá-Zamora y Castillo (1906 - 1985), married to Ernestina Queipo de Llano y Martí, ironically the daughter of one of his father's political adversaries Gonzalo Queipo de Llano y Sierra (Tordesillas, 5 February 1875 - Sevilla, 9 March 1951), 1st Marquess of Queipo de Llano, and wife (m. 4 October 1901) Genoveva Martí y Tovar, and had issue: José Alcalá-Zamora y Queipo de Llano, married to Aurora Horfelina Fernández y Mier (1 October 1942 - 29 May 2008), daughter of Vicente Isidro Fernández y Bascarán (14 February 1909 - 23 December 2003), 1st Viscount of San Claudio and 1st Lord of Olvera, of the Dukes of Castellón de la Plana and first cousin once removed of Cristóbal Martínez-Bordiú, Brigadier General of the Spanish Army, and wife María Marcela Mier y López, and had issue: Gonzalo Alcalá-Zamora y Fernández-Mier Lucía Alcalá-Zamora y Fernández-Mier
- Niceto Alcalá Zamora y Torres war ein spanischer rechtsliberaler Politiker und erster Staatspräsident der Zweiten Republik. Zamora y Torres gründete 1930 die Derecha Liberal Republicana (Republikanische Liberale Rechte), den späteren Partido Republicano Conservador (PRC - Konservativ-Republikanische Partei). Im Jahre 1931 war er entscheidend an der Beseitigung der Monarchie beteiligt, wurde kurze Zeit provisorischer Regierungschef, dann von 1931 bis 1936 erster Staatspräsident der Zweiten Republik. Nach dem Wahlsieg der Volksfront im Jahr 1936 wurde er seines Amtes enthoben.
- Niceto Alcalá-Zamora y Torres. Advocat i polític espanyol, primer president de la Segona República espanyola.
- Niceto Alcalá-Zamora y Torres fue un abogado y político español, 1 presidente de la Segunda República española.
- Niceto Alcalá-Zamora y Torres était un avocat et homme politique espagnol monarchiste puis républicain; il fut le premier président de la Seconde République, de 1931 à 1936.
- È stato Presidente del Consiglio dal 14 aprile al 14 ottobre 1931. È stato il Primo Presidente della Seconda repubblica spagnola dal 10 dicembre 1931 al 7 aprile 1936.
- Niceto Alcalá Zamora y Torres, was een Spaans politicus.
- Niceto Alcalá Zamora var en spansk politiker som var president i den andre spanske republikk i perioden 11. desember 1931 og 7. april 1936. Da den spanske borgerkrig brøt ut, var han på utenlandsreise, og han forble i landflyktighet. Da andre verdenskrig brøt ut, befant han seg i Frankrike, og flyktet derfra til Argentina, hvor han forble fram til sin død.
- Niceto Alcalá-Zamora, pierwszy prezydent Drugiej Republiki Hiszpańskiej od 1931 do 1936. Z zawodu prawnik, od młodości działał w Partii Liberalnej, szybko zauważony jako wybijający się parlamentarzysta. Już w 1917 roku powierzono mu tekę ministra, a w 1922 kierował resortem obrony. Przez pewien czas służył również jako reprezentant Hiszpanii w Lidze Narodów. Rozczarowany poparciem przez króla Alfonsa XIII puczu generała Rivery odsunął się na bok życia politycznego. W 1930 roku podczas spotkania z wyborcami w Walencji zadeklarował się jako zwolennik republiki. Był jednym z akuszerów paktu z San Sebastián. W latach 1930-31 więziony z powodu rzekomego udziału w antykrólewskiej rebelii. Po wyborach samorządowych w 1931 roku przewodniczył nielegalnemu rządowi tymczasowemu, który dokonał proklamacji II Republiki. W grudniu 1931 roku wybrany przez Kortezy na prezydenta miażdżącą większością głosów. Podczas wybuchu wojny domowej w lipcu 1936 roku przebywał w Skandynawii. Nie wrócił do kraju, po tym jak dowiedział się o splądrowaniu swego mieszkania i opróżnieniu konta bankowego przez przedstawicieli Frontu Ludowego. W międzyczasie pozbawiono go urzędu, wybierając na szefa państwa Manuela Diaza de Azañę. Zamora osiadł we Francji, w której pozostał aż do 1940 roku. W tym samym roku udał się w czternastostomiesięczną podróż do Argentyny. W Buenos Aires zawitał w styczniu 1942 roku, gdzie poświęcił się pisaniu pamiętników, książek oraz uczestnictwu w spotkaniach politycznych. Nie skorzystał w ponawianych pod jego adresem ofert powrotu do Hiszpanii, mimo skoligacenia z generałem de Llano będącym stronnikiem reżimu. Zmarł w Buenos Aires. W 1979 roku jego ciało przeniesiono do Madrytu, gdzie został pochowany na Cmentarzu de la Almudena.
- Niceto Alcalá-Zamora y Torres foi primeiro presidente da Segunda República Espanhola, de 1931 a 1936.
- Нисе́то Алькала́ Само́ра-и-То́ррес первый премьер министр и первый президент Второй Испанской республики.
- Niceto Alcalá-Zamora född 6 juli 1877, död 18 februari 1949. Spansk politiker, var president i den andra spanska republiken mellan 11 december 1931 och 7 april 1936.
- Niceto Alcalá-Zamora, İspanyol devlet adamı, başbakan ve İkinci Cumhuriyeti'n devlet başkanı. Değişik kesimleri uzlaştırma çabaları, sonunda görevden alınmasına ve ülkesinden sürülmesine yol açmıştır. 1905'te parlamentoya (cortes) seçilen Alcalá-Zamora, 1917'de bayındırlık bakanı, 1922'de de savaş bakanı oldu. İspanya'nın Anual'da uğradığı yenilgi, hakkında soruşturma açılmasına yol açtı. Soruşturma, General Primo de Rivera'nın iktidarı ele geçirerek paramentoyu dağıtması, raporu örtbas etmesi ve savaşı sona erdirmesiyle sonuçlandı. Alcalá-Zamora, diktatörlüğün kurulmasından Kral XIII. Alfonso'yu sorumlu tutarak cumhuriyetçilere katıldı. San Sebastian İttifakı içinde sosyalistlerin ve Katalan solunun yanında yer aldı. Nisan 1931'deki belediye seçimlerindeki başarıdan yararlanarak Devrim Komitesi'nin önderi sıfatıyla Alfonso'nun tahttan çekilmesini talep etti. Alfonso İspanya'dan ayrıldı. Alcalá-Zamora da hapisten çıkarak başbakan oldu. Ama parlamentonun yeni anayasaya kilise karşıtı ağır hükümler getirmesi üzerine 14 Ekim 1931'de istifa ettiyse de 11 Aralık'ta İkinci Cumhuriyet'in ilk cumhurbaşkanı seçildi. Bir Katolik olarak yeni anayasayı onaylamamakla beraber, kısıtlı yetkilerini partiler arasındaki kutuplaşmayı yumuşatmak için kullandı. Böylece bir yandan aşırı solu dizginlerken, öbür yandan da anayasanın gözden geçirilmesini isteyenlerin iktidarı ele geçirmesini engelledi. Sonuçta hemen bütün partilerin şimşeklerini üzerine çekti. Şubat 1936'da Halk Cephesi seçiminin ardından parlamento bu durumdan yararlanarak Alcalá-Zamora'yı 5'e karşı 238 oyla görevden aldı; Alcalá-Zamora Fransa'ya ardından da Arjantin'e gitti ve orada öldü. Naaşı 1979'da İspanya'ya getirildi.
- Алькалья Самора Нісето (Alcala Zamora) - іспанський політик; ліберал, після падіння монархії 1931 прем'єр тимчасового уряду; 1931-1936 президент республіки; з 1936 у еміграції.
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- Niceto Alcalá-Zamora y Torres served, briefly, as the first prime minister of the Second Spanish Republic, and then — from 1931 to 1936—as its president. Alcalá-Zamora was born in Priego de Cordoba, Spain, son of Manuel Alcalá-Zamora y Caracuel (brother of Gregorio and Luis) and wife Francisca Torres y del Castillo (sister of Gloria, married to José de Torres y Ortega, and Enriqueta), paternal grandson of Gregorio Alcalá-Zamora y García and wife ... Caracuel y ...
- Niceto Alcalá Zamora y Torres war ein spanischer rechtsliberaler Politiker und erster Staatspräsident der Zweiten Republik. Zamora y Torres gründete 1930 die Derecha Liberal Republicana (Republikanische Liberale Rechte), den späteren Partido Republicano Conservador (PRC - Konservativ-Republikanische Partei).
- Niceto Alcalá-Zamora y Torres. Advocat i polític espanyol, primer president de la Segona República espanyola.
- Niceto Alcalá-Zamora y Torres fue un abogado y político español, 1 presidente de la Segunda República española.
- Niceto Alcalá-Zamora y Torres était un avocat et homme politique espagnol monarchiste puis républicain; il fut le premier président de la Seconde République, de 1931 à 1936.
- È stato Presidente del Consiglio dal 14 aprile al 14 ottobre 1931. È stato il Primo Presidente della Seconda repubblica spagnola dal 10 dicembre 1931 al 7 aprile 1936.
- Niceto Alcalá Zamora y Torres, was een Spaans politicus.
- Niceto Alcalá Zamora var en spansk politiker som var president i den andre spanske republikk i perioden 11. desember 1931 og 7. april 1936. Da den spanske borgerkrig brøt ut, var han på utenlandsreise, og han forble i landflyktighet. Da andre verdenskrig brøt ut, befant han seg i Frankrike, og flyktet derfra til Argentina, hvor han forble fram til sin død.
- Niceto Alcalá-Zamora, pierwszy prezydent Drugiej Republiki Hiszpańskiej od 1931 do 1936. Z zawodu prawnik, od młodości działał w Partii Liberalnej, szybko zauważony jako wybijający się parlamentarzysta. Już w 1917 roku powierzono mu tekę ministra, a w 1922 kierował resortem obrony. Przez pewien czas służył również jako reprezentant Hiszpanii w Lidze Narodów. Rozczarowany poparciem przez króla Alfonsa XIII puczu generała Rivery odsunął się na bok życia politycznego.
- Niceto Alcalá-Zamora y Torres foi primeiro presidente da Segunda República Espanhola, de 1931 a 1936.
- Нисе́то Алькала́ Само́ра-и-То́ррес первый премьер министр и первый президент Второй Испанской республики.
- Niceto Alcalá-Zamora född 6 juli 1877, död 18 februari 1949. Spansk politiker, var president i den andra spanska republiken mellan 11 december 1931 och 7 april 1936.
- Niceto Alcalá-Zamora, İspanyol devlet adamı, başbakan ve İkinci Cumhuriyeti'n devlet başkanı. Değişik kesimleri uzlaştırma çabaları, sonunda görevden alınmasına ve ülkesinden sürülmesine yol açmıştır. 1905'te parlamentoya (cortes) seçilen Alcalá-Zamora, 1917'de bayındırlık bakanı, 1922'de de savaş bakanı oldu. İspanya'nın Anual'da uğradığı yenilgi, hakkında soruşturma açılmasına yol açtı.
- Алькалья Самора Нісето (Alcala Zamora) - іспанський політик; ліберал, після падіння монархії 1931 прем'єр тимчасового уряду; 1931-1936 президент республіки; з 1936 у еміграції.
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