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- Neurofeedback (NFB), also called neurotherapy, neurobiofeedback or EEG biofeedback (EEGBF) is a therapy technique that presents the user with realtime feedback on brainwave activity, as measured by sensors on the scalp, typically in the form of a video display, sound or vibration. The aim is to provide real-time information to the Central Nervous System (CNS) as to its current activity. Some approaches believe that conscious understanding and mediation of that information is important for the training process; however, this claim has never actually been verified. Those approaches also believe that neurofeedback training can be understood as being based on a form of operant and/or classical conditioning. In that frame of reference, when brain activity changes in the direction desired by the trainer directing the training, a positive "reward" feedback is given to the individual, and if the change is in the opposite direct from what was intended, then either different feedback is given or the provision of otherwise attained "positive" feedback is inhibited (or blocked). These ideas can be applied in various combinations depending on the protocol decided upon by the trainer. Rewards/Reinforcements can be as simple as a change in pitch of a tone or as complex as a certain type of movement of a character in a video game. This experience could be called operant conditioning for internal states even though no research has yet demonstrated that clear operant response curves occur under those scenarios. Nonetheless,a number of different brainwave goals have been proposed by different researchers in the field following on these general ideas. Usually, these goals are based upon extrapolations from research describing abnormal EEG patterns or on results from a quantitative EEG (QEEG - also known as brain mapping) upon the particular client being offered neurofeedback training. A popular goal is the increase of activity in the 12–18 Hz band and a decrease in the 4–8 Hz and/or 22–28 Hz bands. The most common and well-documented use of neurofeedback is in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: multiple studies have shown neurofeedback to be useful in the treatment of ADHD (Butnik 2005) (Masterpasqual et al. 2003). QEEG has been ambivalent with some studies showing that some forms of ADHD can be characterized by an abundance of slow brainwaves and a diminished quantity of fast wave activity (Butnik 2005); however, alternative patterns have also been described making the overall picture inconclusive at this time. Some ADHD researchers are unconvinced by these studies, including the psychiatry professor and author of several books on ADHD, Russell Barkley. Barkely opines that neurotherapy's effectiveness in treating ADHD can be ascribed to either uncontrolled case studies or the placebo effect . In return, neurofeedback advocates note that Barkely has received research funds and personal remuneration from drug giant Eli Lilly and Company and other drug companies . Other areas where neurofeedback has been researched include treatment of substance abuse research, anxiety research, depression research, epilepsy research, OCD research, learning disabilities, Bipolar Disorder research, Conduct Disorder, anger and rage, cognitive impairment, migraines, headaches, chronic pain, autism spectrum disorders research, sleep dysregulation, PTSD and MTBI. Other approaches to understanding and providing neurofeedback training use non-linear dynamical control processes and joint time-frequency analyses to characterize the ongoing dynamics of EEG during the training process itself. These approaches understand the functioning of the CNS in a more integrated or comprehensive fashion, including the structural ideas of the Russian neuropsychologist Luria and neuropsychiatrist Karl Pribram. Related technologies include hemoencephalography biofeedback (HEG).
- Das Neurofeedback ist eine Spezialrichtung des Biofeedbacks. Beim Neurofeedback werden Gehirnstromkurven von einem Computer in Echtzeit analysiert, nach ihren Frequenzanteilen zerlegt und auf einem Computerbildschirm dargestellt. Die auf diese Weise ermittelte Frequenzverteilung, die vom Aufmerksamkeits- bzw. Bewusstseinszustand (zum Beispiel wach, schlafend, aufmerksam, entspannt, gestresst) abhängig ist, kann zu diagnostischen und Trainingszwecken (mittels Feedbacktraining) genutzt werden. Dem Probanden ist es dabei möglich, durch Rückmeldung des eigenen Hirnstrommusters eine bessere Selbstregulation zu erreichen. Im Prinzip handelt es sich dabei um einen Lernprozess, bei dem operantes Konditionieren eine große Rolle spielt. Ein positives (akustisches und/oder optisches) Feedback wird vom Computer jeweils dann gegeben, wenn die EEG-Wellen des Gehirns eine als günstig bekannte Zusammensetzung aufweisen bzw. die Werte denen einer gesunden Referenzbevölkerungsgruppe des jeweiligen Alters nahe bzw. näher kommen. Auf diese Weise wird das Gehirn/Bewusstsein belohnt wenn es vorteilhaftere EEG-Wellen generiert und damit positiv verstärkt.
- Con neurofeedback (o EEG Biofeedback) si intende una tecnica non invasiva che permette di allenare il cervello. Tale tecnica è particolarmente utile nella cura di malattie quali l'ADHD o contro l'emicrania. Il neurofeedback è un procedimento attraverso il quale si apprende a modulare e autoregolare il proprio sistema nervoso centrale. Tale autocontrollo si acquisisce per mezzo dell’informazione che proviene dall’elettroencefalogramma elaborato da un computer. Il computer visualizza con un ritardo di pochi millisecondi l’elettroencefalogramma aiutando così a capire come modificarlo. Quando la modificazione avviene nella direzione voluta il soggetto viene premiato (ad esempio con un suono). In questo modo, grazie a un esercizio continuativo, è possibile praticare stabilmente questa forma di autocontrollo.
- Neurofeedback (NFB), ook wel neurotherapie, neurobiofeedback of EEG-biofeedback (EEGBF) genoemd, is een therapie waarbij de hersengolfactiviteit wordt omgezet in beelden, geluiden of trillingen. Met behulp van deze “feedback” zou men via operante conditionering de eigen hersenactiviteit kunnen beïnvloeden. Bepaalde soorten hersengolven hangen namelijk rechtstreeks samen met bepaalde hersenactiviteiten. Zo blijken de trage corticale golven, ofwel de slow cortical potentials (SCP), verband te houden met slaap en ontspanning, terwijl de snellere betagolven juist duiden op concentratie. De bedoeling van neurofeedback nu is om de golven die met een bepaalde klacht verband houden te onderdrukken en de golven die de klacht verminderen juist te versterken.
- Neurotrening – trening neurologiczny, terapia medyczna prowadzona przy użyciu specjalistycznygo sprzętu komputerowgo z bardzo czułą głowicą zakończoną elektrodami mierzącymi fale mózgowe(delta, theta, alfa, smr, beta1, beta2 i gamma). Inne nazwy to: neurofeedback, eeg biofeedback, biofeedback eeg, mindfeedback, brainfeedack, cerebrofeedback, neurologiczne biologiczne sprzeżenie zwrotne, neuroterapia, rehabilitacja mózgu, trening mózgu. Nie wykryto dotąd żadnych skutków ubocznych neurotreningu. Terapia jest przeprowadzana w centrum terapii lub w gabinecie eeg biofeedback, gdzie pacjent za pomocą fal mózgowych kieruje grą komputerową. Jest w stanie to robić dzięki podłączonym do głowy elektrodom. Podczas terapii mózg uczy się prawidłowych odruchów i wzorców reagowania. Zakres jendostek chorobowych leczonych tą metodą jest bardzo szeroki: od ADHD, przez problemy szkolne, dysleksje, dyskalkulie, anoreksję, zaburzenia zachowania, zaburzenia koncentracji, zaburzenia snu, migrenę, bóle chroniczne, afazję, zaburzenia pamięci, zaburzenia psychosomatyczne, lęki, tremę po poważne choroby neurologiczne i uszkodzenia mózgu: udar, porażenie, MPD, lekkie upośledzenia czy epilepsję. Korzystają też z treningów zawodowi sportowcy, artyści, biznesmeni, menadżerowie- w celu poprawienia koncentracji, pamięci, motywacji, zmniejszania stresu, znużenia, lęków i tremy. W Polsce te treningi są dostępne w centrum terapii eeg biofeedback we wszystkich większych miastach, takich jak: Warszawa, Kraków, Wrocław, Gdańsk, Szczecin. Metoda została wynaleziona przez wojskowych medyków w USA.
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- Neurofeedback (NFB), also called neurotherapy, neurobiofeedback or EEG biofeedback (EEGBF) is a therapy technique that presents the user with realtime feedback on brainwave activity, as measured by sensors on the scalp, typically in the form of a video display, sound or vibration. The aim is to provide real-time information to the Central Nervous System (CNS) as to its current activity.
- Das Neurofeedback ist eine Spezialrichtung des Biofeedbacks. Beim Neurofeedback werden Gehirnstromkurven von einem Computer in Echtzeit analysiert, nach ihren Frequenzanteilen zerlegt und auf einem Computerbildschirm dargestellt. Die auf diese Weise ermittelte Frequenzverteilung, die vom Aufmerksamkeits- bzw. Bewusstseinszustand (zum Beispiel wach, schlafend, aufmerksam, entspannt, gestresst) abhängig ist, kann zu diagnostischen und Trainingszwecken (mittels Feedbacktraining) genutzt werden.
- Con neurofeedback (o EEG Biofeedback) si intende una tecnica non invasiva che permette di allenare il cervello. Tale tecnica è particolarmente utile nella cura di malattie quali l'ADHD o contro l'emicrania. Il neurofeedback è un procedimento attraverso il quale si apprende a modulare e autoregolare il proprio sistema nervoso centrale. Tale autocontrollo si acquisisce per mezzo dell’informazione che proviene dall’elettroencefalogramma elaborato da un computer.
- Neurofeedback (NFB), ook wel neurotherapie, neurobiofeedback of EEG-biofeedback (EEGBF) genoemd, is een therapie waarbij de hersengolfactiviteit wordt omgezet in beelden, geluiden of trillingen. Met behulp van deze “feedback” zou men via operante conditionering de eigen hersenactiviteit kunnen beïnvloeden. Bepaalde soorten hersengolven hangen namelijk rechtstreeks samen met bepaalde hersenactiviteiten.
- Neurotrening – trening neurologiczny, terapia medyczna prowadzona przy użyciu specjalistycznygo sprzętu komputerowgo z bardzo czułą głowicą zakończoną elektrodami mierzącymi fale mózgowe(delta, theta, alfa, smr, beta1, beta2 i gamma). Inne nazwy to: neurofeedback, eeg biofeedback, biofeedback eeg, mindfeedback, brainfeedack, cerebrofeedback, neurologiczne biologiczne sprzeżenie zwrotne, neuroterapia, rehabilitacja mózgu, trening mózgu.
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