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- Neidan, or internal alchemy, was a concept in Chinese Taoist alchemy. In China, as in many cultures, alchemy is a doctrine in which individuals try to gain understanding of the primary principles of the formation and functions of the cosmos. One of many ancient Taoist practices was alchemy - the search for an elixir that would make a people immortal. This search led many individuals to experiment with strange plants and compounds that were poisonous and so caused death to many seekers. The search for alchemical elixirs also resulted in the development of internal alchemy: also called spiritual alchemy, (內丹術 - nèi dān shù Traditional Chinese, 內丹术 - Simplified Chinese). Spiritual alchemy is a series of physical, mental, and spiritual disciplines intended to prolong the life of the body and create an immortal spiritual body that would survive after death. In Inner Alchemy, the human body becomes a laboratory in which the Three Treasures of Jing, Chi, and Shen are cultivated for the purpose of improving physical, emotional and mental health, and ultimately merging with the Tao, i.e. becoming an Immortal. In China, it is an important form of practice for most schools of Taoism. Neidan is part of the Chinese alchemical meditative tradition that is said to have been separated into internal and external at some point during the Tang dynasty. The Cantong qi (The Kinship of the Three) is the earliest known book on theoretical alchemy in China; it was written by the alchemist Wei Boyang in the year 142 AD. This text influenced the formation of Neidan, whose earliest existing texts date from the first half of the eighth century. The authors of several Neidan articles refer to their teachings as the Way of the Golden Elixir (jindan zhi dao). The majority of Chinese alchemical sources is found in the Daozang, the largest collection of Taoist texts. Neidan shares a significant portion of its notions and methods with classical Chinese medicine, fangshi and with other bodies of practices, such as meditation and the methods for "nourishing life" (yangsheng). What distinguishes alchemy from these related traditions is its unique view of the elixir as a material or immaterial entity that represents the original state of being and the attainment of that state. The Neidan tradition of internal alchemy was practiced by working with the energies that were already present in the human body as opposed to using natural substances, medicines or elixirs, from outside of the body. The Shangqing (Supreme Clarity) tradition of Daoism played an important role in the emergence of Neidan alchemy, after using Waidan mainly as a meditative practice, and therefore turning it from an external to an internal art. Closely related to Daoism, it is believed that the goal of Neidan was to merge the two energies of yin and yang, and return to the primordial unity of the Dao.
- Neidan[shu] 內丹[術], (technique du) cinabre interne ou alchimie interne, désigne une forme de méditation ascétique pratiquée par les taoïstes, en particulier l’école Quanzhen, pouvant être introduite par des exercices de type respiratoire et qigong. Son but est d’agir sur les trois composantes essentielles de la personne (trois joyaux, sanbao 三寶) que sont l’essence (jing 精), le souffle (qi 氣) et l’esprit (shen 神) pour faire involuer le processus naturel de différenciation dont l'aboutissement est la corruption et la mort, unir le yin et le yang et retourner à l’unité primordiale du dao.
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- Neidan, or internal alchemy, was a concept in Chinese Taoist alchemy. In China, as in many cultures, alchemy is a doctrine in which individuals try to gain understanding of the primary principles of the formation and functions of the cosmos. One of many ancient Taoist practices was alchemy - the search for an elixir that would make a people immortal. This search led many individuals to experiment with strange plants and compounds that were poisonous and so caused death to many seekers.
- Neidan[shu] 內丹[術], (technique du) cinabre interne ou alchimie interne, désigne une forme de méditation ascétique pratiquée par les taoïstes, en particulier l’école Quanzhen, pouvant être introduite par des exercices de type respiratoire et qigong.
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