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- Murus Dacicus (Latin for Dacian Wall) is a construction method for defence walls and fortifications developed in ancient Dacia sometime before the Roman conquest. It is a mix between traditional construction methods particular to Dacian builders and methods imported from Greek and Roman architecture and masonry, and - although somewhat similar construction techniques were used before, during and long after the period - it has peculiarities that make it unique. Murus Dacicus consisted of two outer walls made out of stone blocks carved in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped; apparently no mortar was used, thus making them examples of ashlar masonry - but typically done with regular sized, bigger-than-average blocks, due to technological requirements. After each layer of the outer walls was completed, the gap between them would be filled with gravel and rocks cemented together with clay and compacted (cf. also rammed earth technique). The structure was strengthened and consolidated at the level of each layer by horizontal, singed/scorched wood tie beams connected to the outer walls by means of a dovetail joint at the upper surface of the stone block (hence the need for big stone blocks of the same size). Due to its higher flexibility, this structure had a distinct advantage over the 'classical', solid dry stone wall (as seen, e. g. , in the cyclopean and ashlar walls in Mycenae): a higher capability of shock absorption and dissipation of kinetic energy from an incoming projectile thrown by a siege weapon. However, archaeological and historical evidence suggests that the wall might have been topped by a wooden palisade instead of stone battlements, which had the obvious disadvantage of being vulnerable to fire. A properly built Dacian Wall would be both labor intensive and time consuming. A typical wall for the late period, hastily built in the short years between the two Dacian Wars (when Dacia had to rebuild, repair, enlarge or reinforce the defences of many of its key fortesses), would be about 3-4 meters thick and 10 m tall, an outstanding achievement in the given conditions. The Dacian Fortresses of the Orăştie Mountains, UNESCO World heritage sites are examples of citadels built using this method. Also the Dacian walls are depicted on the Trajan's column in Rome.
- La muralla dacia (en latín Murus dacicus) define un método constructivo usado para los muros defensivos y fortificaciones únicamente en la antigua Dacia antes de la conquista romana. Es una mezcla entre tradicionales y exclusivos métodos constructivos de los dacios y métodos importados de la arquitectura romana. Un típico muro sería de unos 3 metros de grueso y 10 m de alto, con un excepcional acabado para la época. El conjunto de las fortalezas dacias de las montañas Orastia, nombrado Patrimonio de la Humanidad en Europa por la UNESCO en 1999, es un ejemplo de ciudadela construida usando este método. Otro muro dacio está representado por la columna de Trajano en Roma.
- Il Murus dacicus (espressione latina per muro dacico) è un metodo di costruzione di muri di difesa e fortificazioni, sviluppato nell'antica Dacia prima della conquista romana. Questo metodo di costruzione è un ibrido tra metodi tradizionali dei costruttori Daci e tecniche importate dalla architettura e muratura greca e romana. Sebbene qualche tecnica simile sia stata utilizzata prima, durante e molto dopo, questo metodo di costruzione ha particolarità che la contraddistinguono come unica.
- ムルス・ダキクス（ラテン語 : Murus Dacicus, 「ダキア人の城壁」）は、ローマ帝国征服以前にダキア王国で発達した城壁や要塞の構築理論である。それは、従来のダキア人の伝統的建築理論と、ギリシャ・ローマ建築や石工術から輸入された理論を混成させたものである。それは、それ以前にも、その時代にも、後代にも幾分似通った建築技術はあるものの、ムルス・ダキクスを独特のものとならしめている要素はある。 ムルス・ダキクスは直方体に切り分けられた石のブロックを組み上げた2つの外壁から成っている。それらはモルタルを用いていない切石積みの好例であるが、ブロックの規格は平均的なものよりも大きい。これは技術的要請によるものである。 2つの外壁が出来あがった後に、その隙間を砂利と石のセメントや粘土、土などで埋めてしまう。こうすることで、どちらの壁も水平方向の強度が増す。外壁は焦がした木製のつなぎ梁で接続される。その繋ぎ梁は、石のブロックの上面に蟻継手でつながれる。この壁は、攻城兵器から射出される投射体から受ける衝撃を吸収し、運動エネルギーを拡散させることに秀でている。その高度な柔軟性により、この構造は、たとえばミュケーナイの巨大な切石積みに見られるような「古典的」な堅い石壁よりも、明らかに優越しているのである。 適正に建てられたムルス・ダキクスは労働集約的で、なおかつ時間も相当にかかる。そこで、二度のダキア戦争の間の短い期間には、急拵えになった。とはいえ、その典型的な様式は厚さ3-4m、高さ10mで、与えられた条件下での急造としては傑出した成果といえる。 ユネスコの世界遺産に登録されている「オラシュチエ山脈のダキア人の要塞群」（ルーマニア）は、この理論が適用された城塞の好例である。ムルス・ダキクスは、ローマのTrajan's columnにも描かれている。
- Murus dacicus reprezintă un stil caracteristic dacilor, pentru construirea fortificaţiilor. Este o îmbinare între stilul tradiţional dac, cu elemente moderne pentru acele vremuri, din arhitectura romană. Zidurile de apărare erau groase de trei metri, ceea ce pentru acea epocă era o performanţă deosebită, dacă ţinem seama de faptul că erau înalte de zece metri. Murus dacicus este un stil arhitectonic propriu dacic, nemaifiind întâlnit în altă parte a lumii.
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- Murus Dacicus (Latin for Dacian Wall) is a construction method for defence walls and fortifications developed in ancient Dacia sometime before the Roman conquest. It is a mix between traditional construction methods particular to Dacian builders and methods imported from Greek and Roman architecture and masonry, and - although somewhat similar construction techniques were used before, during and long after the period - it has peculiarities that make it unique.
- La muralla dacia (en latín Murus dacicus) define un método constructivo usado para los muros defensivos y fortificaciones únicamente en la antigua Dacia antes de la conquista romana. Es una mezcla entre tradicionales y exclusivos métodos constructivos de los dacios y métodos importados de la arquitectura romana. Un típico muro sería de unos 3 metros de grueso y 10 m de alto, con un excepcional acabado para la época.
- Il Murus dacicus (espressione latina per muro dacico) è un metodo di costruzione di muri di difesa e fortificazioni, sviluppato nell'antica Dacia prima della conquista romana. Questo metodo di costruzione è un ibrido tra metodi tradizionali dei costruttori Daci e tecniche importate dalla architettura e muratura greca e romana. Sebbene qualche tecnica simile sia stata utilizzata prima, durante e molto dopo, questo metodo di costruzione ha particolarità che la contraddistinguono come unica.
- Murus dacicus reprezintă un stil caracteristic dacilor, pentru construirea fortificaţiilor. Este o îmbinare între stilul tradiţional dac, cu elemente moderne pentru acele vremuri, din arhitectura romană. Zidurile de apărare erau groase de trei metri, ceea ce pentru acea epocă era o performanţă deosebită, dacă ţinem seama de faptul că erau înalte de zece metri. Murus dacicus este un stil arhitectonic propriu dacic, nemaifiind întâlnit în altă parte a lumii.
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