Multilevel models (also hierarchical linear models, nested models, mixed models, random coefficient, random-effects models, random parameter models, or split-plot designs) are statistical models of parameters that vary at more than one level. These models can be seen as generalizations of linear models, although they can also extend non-linear models. Although not a new idea, they have been much more popular following the growth of computing power and availability of software.

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  • Multilevel models (also hierarchical linear models, nested models, mixed models, random coefficient, random-effects models, random parameter models, or split-plot designs) are statistical models of parameters that vary at more than one level. These models can be seen as generalizations of linear models, although they can also extend non-linear models. Although not a new idea, they have been much more popular following the growth of computing power and availability of software. For example, in educational research it may be necessary to assess the performance of schools teaching reading by one method against schools teaching reading by a different method. It would be a mistake to analyse the data as though the pupils were simple random samples from the population of pupils taught by a particular method. Pupils are taught in classes, which are in schools. The performance of pupils within the same class will be correlated, as will the performance of pupils within the same school. These correlations must be represented in the analysis for correct inference to be drawn from the experiment.
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  • Multilevel models (also hierarchical linear models, nested models, mixed models, random coefficient, random-effects models, random parameter models, or split-plot designs) are statistical models of parameters that vary at more than one level. These models can be seen as generalizations of linear models, although they can also extend non-linear models. Although not a new idea, they have been much more popular following the growth of computing power and availability of software.
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  • Multilevel model
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