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- Several indigenous peoples of the northwest of the Caucasus were forced into exodus at the end of the Caucasian War by victorious Russia. The exodus was launched even before the end of the war in 1864 and it continued into the 1870s, although it was mostly completed by 1867. The peoples involved, mainly the Circassians (Adyghe in their own language), Ubykhs, Abkhaz, and Abaza, were majority or even predominantly Muslim; hence the use in some Russian language historiography of the word mukhadzhirstvo/мухаджирство (or makhadzhirstvo/махаджирство), deriving from the Arabic term muhajir, meaning literally "departee" and by extension "emigrant", to describe this exodus. This exodus involved an unknown number of people, perhaps numbering hundreds of thousands. The Russians had come to refer to them as mountaineers (gortsy) (meaning, not "mountain climbers", but "mountain dwellers"). The Russian army rounded up people, driving them from their villages to ports on the Black Sea, where they awaited ships provided by the neighboring Ottoman Empire. The explicit Russian goal was to expel the groups in question from their lands. They were given a choice as to where to be resettled: in the Ottoman Empire or in Russia far from their old lands. Only a small percentage (the numbers are unknown) accepted resettlement within the Russian Empire. An unknown number of deportees in the hundreds of thousands perished during the process. Some died from epidemics among crowds of deportees both while awaiting departure and while languishing in their Ottoman Black Sea ports of arrival. Others perished when ships underway sank during storms. Two other Muslim peoples in the northwest Caucasus, the Karachay and the Balkars, were not deported. According to the Russian government's own figures at the time, about 90 percent of the affected peoples were deported.
- Muchos pueblos autóctonos del noroeste del Cáucaso fueron forzados a emigrar a finales de la Guerra Ruso-Circasiana, y en general, de la Guerra del Cáucaso, en la que el Imperio ruso salió victorioso. El éxodo se inició incluso antes de la guerra en 1864, y continuó hasta la década de 1970, aunque estaba casi completamente culminada para 1867. Los pueblos afectados, principalmente circasianos (Adigué en su propio idioma), los ubijé, abasios y abasios, que mayoritariamente o casi predominantemente eran musulmanes. Por ello, el término Mujadzhirstvo/мухаджирство (o majadzhirstvo/махаджирство) es usado en la historiografía en idioma ruso para describir este éxodo, como derivado del término árabe Mujayir, significando literalmente el que ha partido y por extensión, emigrante. Este éxodo afectó a un número indeterminado de personas, varios cientos de miles. Los rusos se refieren a ellos como "Montañeses" (gortsy). El ejército ruso rodeava los pueblos, conduciéndolos hasta los puertos del Mar negro, donde aguardaban barcos puestos a disposición por el Imperio otomano. El objetivo explícito ruso fue el expulsar estos grupos de sus tierras. Se les dio la elección de ser reasentados en el Imperio otomano o en Rusia lejos de sus sitios de origen. Solo un pequeño porcentaje aceptó el reasentamiento dentro del Imperio ruso, que tampoco de puede determinar. Un número indeterminado de deportados, cifrado en cientos de miles, murieron durante el proceso. Algunos murieron de epidemias por la hacinación de los deportados, tanto en la espera para iniciar el viaje, como en su estancia en los puertos otomanos del Mar Negro donde llegaban. Otros perecieron cuando se hundieron los barcos a causa de las tormentas. Otros dos pueblos musulmanes del noroeste del Cáucaso, los Karachais y los Balkarios, no fueron depotados. De acuerdo con las cifras del propio gobierno ruso de esa época, sobre el 90% de la población fue afectada por la deportación.
- Çerkes Sürgünü, 19. yüzyılda, özellikle 1864 yılında yoğunlaşmak ve başta Adigeler olmak üzere, Kuzey Kafkasya halklarının Türkiye'ye yönelik zorunlu göçleri. Büyük Çerkes Soykırmı ya da Göçü gibi adlar da verilmektedir. Bu olay sonunda 1 milyonun üzerinde bir nüfus Osmanlı topraklarına yerleşmiştir.
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| rdfs:comment
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- Several indigenous peoples of the northwest of the Caucasus were forced into exodus at the end of the Caucasian War by victorious Russia. The exodus was launched even before the end of the war in 1864 and it continued into the 1870s, although it was mostly completed by 1867.
- Muchos pueblos autóctonos del noroeste del Cáucaso fueron forzados a emigrar a finales de la Guerra Ruso-Circasiana, y en general, de la Guerra del Cáucaso, en la que el Imperio ruso salió victorioso. El éxodo se inició incluso antes de la guerra en 1864, y continuó hasta la década de 1970, aunque estaba casi completamente culminada para 1867.
- Çerkes Sürgünü, 19. yüzyılda, özellikle 1864 yılında yoğunlaşmak ve başta Adigeler olmak üzere, Kuzey Kafkasya halklarının Türkiye'ye yönelik zorunlu göçleri. Büyük Çerkes Soykırmı ya da Göçü gibi adlar da verilmektedir. Bu olay sonunda 1 milyonun üzerinde bir nüfus Osmanlı topraklarına yerleşmiştir.
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