Muawiyah I was a deeply controversial figure in Islam. In Sunni Islam he is perceived as having two main parts to his life which are of major historical note. The first part was as one of the staunchest enemies of Mohammad and of Islam, indeed Muawiya was after the Battle of Badr the heir-apparent to the pagan throne of Mecca which was occupied in effect by his father Abu Sofyan and mother Hinda.
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- Muawiyah I was a deeply controversial figure in Islam. In Sunni Islam he is perceived as having two main parts to his life which are of major historical note. The first part was as one of the staunchest enemies of Mohammad and of Islam, indeed Muawiya was after the Battle of Badr the heir-apparent to the pagan throne of Mecca which was occupied in effect by his father Abu Sofyan and mother Hinda. After the defeat of his family following the fall of Mecca in 8AH Muawiya said that he was now a Muslim and hence is regarded within Sunni Islam as a Sahabi (companion) of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad - he later became a member of the Umayyad caliphate in Damascus. Shia Muslims refuse to recognise the sincerity of his conversion, and cite as evidence his allegedly being cursed by Mohammad (see section on physical appearances below) and Muawiya's waging of continual civil war against the caliphate led by Ali, al-Hassan and many of the early companions. He engaged in a major civil war against the fourth and fifth (final) Rashidun, Ali (Ali ibn Abi Talib) (Muhammad's son-in-law) and Muhammad's eldest grandson Al-Hassan, and Mu'awiya met with considerable military success, including the seizure of Egypt. He assumed the caliphate after Ali's assassination and forcing the abdication of al-Hassan by threatening further bloodshed in 661 and led until 680. Because of his involvement in the Battle of Siffin against Ali, whom the Shia Muslims believe was Muhammad's true successor, the belief that he broke the treaty he made with Hasan ibn Ali by appointing his son Yazid as ruler and the belief that he was responsible for the deaths of various companions, Mu'awiyah has been hated and reviled by generations of Shi'a and is not regarded as a rightly guided caliph by some Sunni Muslims.
- Muʿāwiya I. [muˈʕaːwija] war der erste Kalif der Umayyaden (661-680) und Begründer dieser Dynastie. Er gilt als einer der bedeutendsten Herrscher der arabischen Geschichte.
- Muàwiya ibn Abi-Sufyan o Muàwiya I (en àrab معاوية بن أبي سفيان, Muʿāwiya ibn Abī Sufyān), califa omeia sufyànida de Damasc.
- Mu‘ávija I. byl společník islámského proroka Muhammada později umajjovský chalífa. V době válečného konfliktu o chalífát, který nastal po smrti čtvrtého chalífy Alího, dokázal Mu‘ávija obratně využít situace a s pomocí úplatků i vojenské moci se jako první z rodu Umajjovců stal dalším chalífou. Stal se jím v roce 661 poté, co byl poslední volení volený chalífa Alí zavražděn, a vládl až do roku 680. Poté jej zastoupil jeho syn Jazíd Zejména pro šíitské muslimy zůstává Mu‘ávija negativní postavou islámské historie. Viní jej ze zorganizování vraždy Husajna a jeho potomků u Karbaly.
- Mu‘āwīyah ibn Abī Sufyān (del árabe معاوية بن أبي سفيان, 602 d. C - 680 d. C. ) también conocido como Muawiya I y que inaugura la dinastía Omeya, fue uno de los protagonistas de la batalla de Siffín (julio, 657 d. C. ) junto con Ali ibn Abi Talib. Gobernador de Siria desde tiempos del califa Umar ibn al-Jattab, se hizo con el poder en el 661 dando lugar a un Estado árabe-sirio. Debido a su oposición al califa Alí, ha sido odiado y rechazado por los seguidores de éste, los shiíes.
- Mu`awiya eli Muawiya (602–680) oli kalifi ja Umaijadien dynastian perustaja. Mu`awiyan voitto toi islamin yhteisölle kahden vuosikymmenen mittaisen rauhallisen kauden, jonka aikana imperiumi vahvistui ja islam alkoi muodostua kokonaiseksi rakennelmaksi. Mu`awiyan kuoltua alkoi kuitenkin toinen sisällissota. Mu`awiya valitsi seuraajakseen poikansa Yazidin, jo elinaikanaan. Mu`awiyan kuolema sai aikaan lukuisia tapahtumia.
- Muawiya I ou Mu`âwiya ibn Abî Sufyân (معاوية بن أبي سفيان) est né en 603. Il est le fils de celui qui a été auparavant l'un des plus farouches adversaires du prophète de l'islam, Mahomet : Abû Sufyân ibn Harb, mais qui s'est converti à l'islam par la suite. Il est le premier omeyyade à porter le titre de calife en 661. Il prend ce titre à `Alî à la suite d'une médiation entre `Alî et lui après la bataille de Siffin. Il meurt en 680, son fils Yazid I lui succéde.
- Muávija ibn Abí Szufján volt az iszlám ötödik kalifája, egyben a 750-ig uralkodó Omajjád-dinasztia alapítója. Az Omajjádok ún. Szufjánida ágához tartozott.
- Figlio minore di Abū Sufyān ibn Harb, massimo esponente del potente lignaggio omayyade del clan dei Banū ʿAbd Shams della tribù dei Quraysh, Muʿāwiya si convertì col padre pochissime ore prima della conquista islamica della città pagana di Mecca da parte del profeta Muhammad, Muʿāwiya fu nondimeno uno dei suoi segretari, incaricato con altri di conservare e mettere eventualmente sotto forma scritta parti della Rivelazione del Corano. Partecipò come alfiere del fratello maggiore Yazīd alla spedizione islamica in Siria che si trasformò presto in azione di conquista e, morto Yazid di peste ad ʿAmwās (Emmaus), Muʿāwiya gli subentrò per volere del califfo ʿUmar ibn al-Khattāb come governatore. Operò con abilità ed efficienza anche sotto il califfato del suo parente ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān grazie tra l'altro alla sua sagace politica di tolleranza con l'elemento ebraico e cristiano siriano (il suo medico, Ibn ʿUthāl, era cristiano) ma resistette decisamente alla deposizione disposta contro di lui dal nuovo califfo ʿAlī ibn Abī T&257;lib, pretendendo che innanzi tutto fosse fatta piena luce e giustizia per l'assassinio di ʿUthmàn. Se nello scontro di Siffin che ne seguì non vi furono vincitori né vinti e se da un arbitrato (o forse due) con ‘Alī egli trasse indubbi vantaggi politici, se non proprio legali, fu solo dopo la morte del cugino di Muhammad e dopo la rinuncia da parte del figlio di ‘Alī, al-Hasan, che Mu‘āwiya poté farsi acclamare califfo a Gerusalemme dai suoi sostenitori e dalla cerchia dei suoi collaboratori e sottoposti. Governò da califfo con la stessa capacità e moderazione (proverbiale il suo ʿilm, l'"autocontrollo", che gli permetteva di non esasperare le tensioni coi suoi oppositori, giungendo quasi sempre in modo pacifico alla soluzione dei problemi) già mostrata nel corso del suo ventennale governatorato siriano, tanto da smorzare le perduranti espressioni di bellicosità civile. Ebbe però il torto di designare suo successore il figlio Yazīd ibn Muʿāwiya, inaugurando un'inusitata e sgradita modalità di designazione dinastica per il califfato. Questo gli fece perdere ascendente agli occhi dei credenti musulmani più tradizionalisti (tanto che si parlerà di lui più in termini di "re" che di "Comandante dei credenti"), anche se l'obbligo di ubbidire al califfo rimase pur sempre uno dei doveri maggiormente sentiti da parte dei musulmani dell'epoca.
- ムアーウィヤ（معاوية Mu'āwiya, معاوية ابن ابي سفيان بن حرب بن أميّة Mu'āwiya ibn Abī Sufyān ibn Ḥarb ibn Umayya, 603年頃 - 680年4月18日）はイスラム教の5人目のカリフで、ウマイヤ朝の初代カリフ（在位：661年 - 680年）である。同名の孫、ウマイヤ朝第3代カリフのムアーウィヤ2世と区別してムアーウィヤ1世とも呼ばれる。
- Moe'awija I of Mu'awiyah was de zoon van Mohammeds oude tegenstander Aboe Soefjan en tevens gouverneur van Damascus. Hij erkende Ali ibn Abu Talib niet als kalief en ontketende een oorlog tegen hem. In 661 werd Ali buiten Koefa door troepen vermoord, die ook Moe'awija hadden aangevallen. Moe'awija werd hierna alom erkend als de nieuwe kalief. Hij is de stichter van de Omajjaden-dynastie.
- Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan var en av profeten Muhammeds følgesvenner og senere kalif. Han kjempet en borgerkrig mot den siste av de fire «rettledete» kalifene, Ali ibn Abi Talib. Han tok makten etter at Ali ble myrdet i år 661, og regjerte til år 680. Siden han motsatte seg Ali er han blant de mest hatede personene i sjiaislam.
- Mu'awija I ibn Abu Sufjan – założyciel dynastii Umajjadów, kalif 661-680. Jego ojcem był Abu Sufjan Ibn Harb, natomiast synem i następcą Jazid I.
- Муавия (правильнее Муавийа) — халиф c 661, основатель династии Омейядов, перенес столицу халифата в Дамаск. Сын Абу Суфьяна.
- Muawiya I, egentligen Mu'āwiya ibn abī Sufyān, född 602, död 6 maj 680, var kalif av islam 661-680. Han tillhörde den umayyadiska grenen av samma stam som profeten Muhammed, och var son till Abu Sufyan ibn Harb. Han var ståthållare i Syrien under Alis kalifat och erkände inte denne som kalif. Efter mordet på Ali utropade Mu'āwiya sig till kalif i Damaskus och grundade därmed umayyadernas dynasti. Hans kalifat accepterades i sin tur inte av Alis anhängare, de så kallade shi'at Alī, "Alis parti", som i stället stödde Alis söner Hasan och Husayn. Efter Mu'āwiyas död gjorde Husayn uppror.
- Muaviye Emevi hanedanının kurucusudur. Uhud Savaşında ve Hendek Savaşında Mekke'li kafirlerin komutanı olarak Hazret-i Muhammed'in komutasındaki müslümanlara karşı savaşan Ebu Sufyan bin Harb'in oğludur. Dördüncü halife olan Ali bin Ebu Talib ile savaştı, Mısır'ı ele geçirdi ve Ali bin Ebu Talib'in 661 yılında suikaste uğrayarak öldürülmesini sağladıktan sonra halifeliğini ilan etti. 661'den 680'e kadar İslam Devleti'ni yönetti. Kişiliği, yaptıkları ve bilhassa Şii'lerin peygamberin gerçek halefi olduğuna inandıkları Ali'yle savaşması ve Hazret-i Muhammed'in soyundan gelen Ehl-i Beyt'i kendisine siyasi rakip gördüğü için onlara yaptığı zulüm nedeniyle nesiller boyunca sadece Şii'ler tarafından nefretle anıldı.
- 穆阿威叶·本·阿比·苏富扬即穆阿威叶一世（阿拉伯文：معاوية بن أبي سفيان，约606年—680年5月6日）伊斯兰教的哈里发（661年—680年在位）。他是统治被称为“阿拉伯帝国”（欧洲文献中称之为萨拉森帝国）的广大穆斯林国家的倭马亚王朝的创建者。 穆阿维叶一世出生于麦加古来氏族中的倭马亚家族，是阿布·苏富扬的次子。阿布·苏富扬以反对先知穆罕默德传布伊斯兰教著称；穆阿维叶亦随父参加了多次反对穆斯林的战役。但在629年麦加被穆罕默德占领后，穆阿维叶与父亲一同皈依了伊斯兰教。 穆阿维叶于633年参加伊斯兰军队对叙利亚的征服之战，战后成为大马士革总督。在其堂兄奥斯曼·伊本·阿凡任哈里发时期，穆阿维叶被任命为叙利亚总督（640年）。655年，他在“船桅之战”中率阿拉伯舰队战胜了东罗马帝国的海军。 656年，奥斯曼被来自伊拉克和埃及的反对者刺杀之后，穆阿维叶坚决反对先知的侄子阿里·伊本·艾比·塔里卜继任哈里发。他公开展示奥斯曼和其妻子的血衣，暗示奥斯曼为阿里所害。双方矛盾尖锐，终于在657年爆发了绥芬之战。在这次战斗中，穆阿维叶命令士兵把许多本古兰经挑在枪尖上，要求阿里接受安拉的裁决。阿里无奈地接受了这一要求，而裁决结果是“双方均放弃哈里发职位”。当然，穆阿维叶可能在其中了手脚；阿里的追随者因之发生分裂。661年，分裂出的一派哈瓦利吉派刺杀了阿里。穆阿维叶没有了竞争对手，他在哈瓦利吉派的支持下被推举为哈里发。 穆阿维叶一世定都大马士革。在去世前，穆阿维叶设法使宗教领袖们接受他的儿子叶齐德为其继承人。这样就破坏了哈里发的选举制度，正式建立了倭马亚王朝。穆阿维叶一世是倭马亚王朝的第一位、也是最有政治才能的哈里发。他是那个时代最强有力的人物之一，还是一位大外交家。他的政策庇护了阿拉伯部落贵族的权益。 穆阿维叶一世的直系后代只传了3代，到他的孙子穆阿维叶二世时就绝嗣了。这一家族被称为苏富扬支。从马尔万一世开始的历代倭马亚王朝哈里发是穆阿维叶一世的叔叔的后代。
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- Muawiyah I was a deeply controversial figure in Islam. In Sunni Islam he is perceived as having two main parts to his life which are of major historical note. The first part was as one of the staunchest enemies of Mohammad and of Islam, indeed Muawiya was after the Battle of Badr the heir-apparent to the pagan throne of Mecca which was occupied in effect by his father Abu Sofyan and mother Hinda.
- Muʿāwiya I. [muˈʕaːwija] war der erste Kalif der Umayyaden (661-680) und Begründer dieser Dynastie. Er gilt als einer der bedeutendsten Herrscher der arabischen Geschichte.
- Muàwiya ibn Abi-Sufyan o Muàwiya I (en àrab معاوية بن أبي سفيان, Muʿāwiya ibn Abī Sufyān), califa omeia sufyànida de Damasc.
- Mu‘ávija I. byl společník islámského proroka Muhammada později umajjovský chalífa. V době válečného konfliktu o chalífát, který nastal po smrti čtvrtého chalífy Alího, dokázal Mu‘ávija obratně využít situace a s pomocí úplatků i vojenské moci se jako první z rodu Umajjovců stal dalším chalífou. Stal se jím v roce 661 poté, co byl poslední volení volený chalífa Alí zavražděn, a vládl až do roku 680.
- Mu‘āwīyah ibn Abī Sufyān (del árabe معاوية بن أبي سفيان, 602 d. C - 680 d. C. ) también conocido como Muawiya I y que inaugura la dinastía Omeya, fue uno de los protagonistas de la batalla de Siffín (julio, 657 d. C. ) junto con Ali ibn Abi Talib. Gobernador de Siria desde tiempos del califa Umar ibn al-Jattab, se hizo con el poder en el 661 dando lugar a un Estado árabe-sirio.
- Mu`awiya eli Muawiya (602–680) oli kalifi ja Umaijadien dynastian perustaja. Mu`awiyan voitto toi islamin yhteisölle kahden vuosikymmenen mittaisen rauhallisen kauden, jonka aikana imperiumi vahvistui ja islam alkoi muodostua kokonaiseksi rakennelmaksi. Mu`awiyan kuoltua alkoi kuitenkin toinen sisällissota. Mu`awiya valitsi seuraajakseen poikansa Yazidin, jo elinaikanaan. Mu`awiyan kuolema sai aikaan lukuisia tapahtumia.
- Muawiya I ou Mu`âwiya ibn Abî Sufyân (معاوية بن أبي سفيان) est né en 603. Il est le fils de celui qui a été auparavant l'un des plus farouches adversaires du prophète de l'islam, Mahomet : Abû Sufyân ibn Harb, mais qui s'est converti à l'islam par la suite. Il est le premier omeyyade à porter le titre de calife en 661. Il prend ce titre à `Alî à la suite d'une médiation entre `Alî et lui après la bataille de Siffin. Il meurt en 680, son fils Yazid I lui succéde.
- Muávija ibn Abí Szufján volt az iszlám ötödik kalifája, egyben a 750-ig uralkodó Omajjád-dinasztia alapítója. Az Omajjádok ún. Szufjánida ágához tartozott.
- Figlio minore di Abū Sufyān ibn Harb, massimo esponente del potente lignaggio omayyade del clan dei Banū ʿAbd Shams della tribù dei Quraysh, Muʿāwiya si convertì col padre pochissime ore prima della conquista islamica della città pagana di Mecca da parte del profeta Muhammad, Muʿāwiya fu nondimeno uno dei suoi segretari, incaricato con altri di conservare e mettere eventualmente sotto forma scritta parti della Rivelazione del Corano.
- ムアーウィヤ（معاوية Mu'āwiya, معاوية ابن ابي سفيان بن حرب بن أميّة Mu'āwiya ibn Abī Sufyān ibn Ḥarb ibn Umayya, 603年頃 - 680年4月18日）はイスラム教の5人目のカリフで、ウマイヤ朝の初代カリフ（在位：661年 - 680年）である。同名の孫、ウマイヤ朝第3代カリフのムアーウィヤ2世と区別してムアーウィヤ1世とも呼ばれる。
- Moe'awija I of Mu'awiyah was de zoon van Mohammeds oude tegenstander Aboe Soefjan en tevens gouverneur van Damascus. Hij erkende Ali ibn Abu Talib niet als kalief en ontketende een oorlog tegen hem. In 661 werd Ali buiten Koefa door troepen vermoord, die ook Moe'awija hadden aangevallen. Moe'awija werd hierna alom erkend als de nieuwe kalief. Hij is de stichter van de Omajjaden-dynastie.
- Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan var en av profeten Muhammeds følgesvenner og senere kalif. Han kjempet en borgerkrig mot den siste av de fire «rettledete» kalifene, Ali ibn Abi Talib. Han tok makten etter at Ali ble myrdet i år 661, og regjerte til år 680. Siden han motsatte seg Ali er han blant de mest hatede personene i sjiaislam.
- Mu'awija I ibn Abu Sufjan – założyciel dynastii Umajjadów, kalif 661-680. Jego ojcem był Abu Sufjan Ibn Harb, natomiast synem i następcą Jazid I.
- Муавия (правильнее Муавийа) — халиф c 661, основатель династии Омейядов, перенес столицу халифата в Дамаск. Сын Абу Суфьяна.
- Muawiya I, egentligen Mu'āwiya ibn abī Sufyān, född 602, död 6 maj 680, var kalif av islam 661-680. Han tillhörde den umayyadiska grenen av samma stam som profeten Muhammed, och var son till Abu Sufyan ibn Harb. Han var ståthållare i Syrien under Alis kalifat och erkände inte denne som kalif. Efter mordet på Ali utropade Mu'āwiya sig till kalif i Damaskus och grundade därmed umayyadernas dynasti.
- Muaviye Emevi hanedanının kurucusudur. Uhud Savaşında ve Hendek Savaşında Mekke'li kafirlerin komutanı olarak Hazret-i Muhammed'in komutasındaki müslümanlara karşı savaşan Ebu Sufyan bin Harb'in oğludur. Dördüncü halife olan Ali bin Ebu Talib ile savaştı, Mısır'ı ele geçirdi ve Ali bin Ebu Talib'in 661 yılında suikaste uğrayarak öldürülmesini sağladıktan sonra halifeliğini ilan etti. 661'den 680'e kadar İslam Devleti'ni yönetti.
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- Muawiyah I
- Muʿāwiya I.
- Muàwiya I
- Mu'ávija I.
- Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan
- Mu`awiya
- Muawiya Ier
- I. Muávija
- Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan
- ムアーウィヤ
- Moe'awija I
- Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan
- Mu'awija I
- Муавия I
- Muawiya I
- Muaviye
- 穆阿威叶一世
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