Mu'nis al-Khadim (also called al-Muzaffar) was the commander of the Abbasid army during the reign of al-Muqtadir. His many successes on the field helped to check the decline of the Caliphate during his lifetime. The utter incompetence of the caliph, however, eventually caused Mu'nis to turn against him, an act that ultimately resulted in his death. Mu'nis rose to prominence under al-Muwaffaq, the brother of al-Mu'tamid. During the reign of al-Muqtadir he stopped a coup in 909.

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  • Mu'nis al-Khadim (also called al-Muzaffar) was the commander of the Abbasid army during the reign of al-Muqtadir. His many successes on the field helped to check the decline of the Caliphate during his lifetime. The utter incompetence of the caliph, however, eventually caused Mu'nis to turn against him, an act that ultimately resulted in his death. Mu'nis rose to prominence under al-Muwaffaq, the brother of al-Mu'tamid. During the reign of al-Muqtadir he stopped a coup in 909. He led an army into Fars in 910, which resulted in the capture of the Saffarid amir Laith and ultimately the reincorporation of Fars into the caliphate. He saved Egypt from a Fatimid invasion in 915, for which he earned the laqab of al-Muzaffar. In 918 and 919 Mu'nis was in Azerbaijan. He eventually defeated and imprisoned its rebellious amir, the Sajid Yusuf Ibn Abi'l-Saj, although Azerbaijan was not restored to direct caliphal rule. In 920 he defeated a second Fatimid army sent to take Egypt. Relations between Mu'nis and al-Muqtadir were not always friendly; at one point al-Muqtadir even plotted to assassinate his general. In 932 Mu'nis, fed up with the mismanagement of al-Muqtadir, marched on Baghdad. Al-Muqtadir met his forces but was defeated and killed. His replacement, al-Qahir, unfortunately proved to be just as bad as his predecessor. He imprisoned Mu'nis and ultimately had him killed.
  • al-Mu'nis al-Muzaffar war der bedeutendste Regent unter den Kalifen al-Muktadir und al-Qahir. al-Mu'nis al-Muzaffar war Eunuch. Sein Aufstieg begann, als er Kalif al-Muktadir während des Putsches des Abbasidenprinzen Abdallah al-Mutazz unterstützte und dessen Herrschaft rettete. Als Heerführer stellte er bald die eigentliche Macht im Kalifat dar. So konnte er durch seine Feldzüge gegen die Hamdaniden von Mossul und Aleppo, die Byzantiner, die Fatimiden in Ägypten sowie den Westiran, die Grenzen des Kalifats weitgehend behaupten. Auch bei inneren Unruhen gelang ihm immer wieder die Ruhe herzustellen. So befriedete er 929 die rebellischen Truppen in und um Bagdad, nachdem diese mit ihren Soldforderungen die Staatskasse erschöpft und die Kalifenpaläste geplündert hatten. Nachdem schon das Verhältnis zu al-Muktadir gespannt war, wurde al-Mu'nis unter dessen Nachfolger al-Qahir in Folge von Intrigen gestürzt und hingerichtet.
  • Muʾnis al-Khādim - arabo: مؤنس ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺩﻡ, ovvero al-Muzaffar arabo: مؤنس المظفر - fu il comandante delle forze militari abbasidi durante il califfato di al-Muqtadir. I suoi numerosi successi sul campo lo aiutarono a frenare un declino ormai irreversibile del Califfato durante l'intera sua vita. La particolare incompetenza del Califfo, tuttavia, causò infine la rovina di Mu'nis e ne determinarono la violenta fine. L'ascesa di Muʾnis avvenne sotto al-Muwaffaq, il reggente-fratello del califfo al-Muʿtamid. Durante il regno di al-Muqtadir egli evitò che si concludesse con successo un colpo di mano contro il Califfo nel 909. Guidò un esercito nel Fars in 910, che si concluse con la cattura dell'Emiro saffaride Layth ibn Tahir al-Saffar e riuscì a reincorporare il Fars nei domini califfali. Salvò l'Egitto da una prima invasione fatimide nel 915, grazie a cui si guadagnò il laqab di al-Muzaffar (il Trionfatore). Nel 918 e nel 919 Muʾnis fu in Azerbayjan. Infine sconfisse e imprigionò il suo comandante ribelle, il Sayyid Yusuf ibn Abi l-Saj, malgrado non riuscisse a ripristinare nell'Azerbayjan il potere diretto del Califfo. Nel 920 bloccò ancora una volta l'invasione di un nuovo esercito fatimide, inviato a conquistare l'Egitto. Le relazioni tra Muʾnis e al-Muqtadir non furono sempre cordiali; a un certo momento, anche al-Muqtadir ordì un complotto mirante ad assassinare l'anziano suo generale. Nel 932 Muʾnis, avendo intuito una trama ai suoi danni del Califfo al-Muqtadir, marciò su Baghdad. Al-Muqtadir si scontrò con lui con le forze a lui fedeli ma fu sconfitto e ucciso. Il suo successore al Califfato, al-Qahir, per sfortuna di Muʾnis, si mostrò ben peggiore del suo predecessore. Imprigionò Muʾnis, malgrado dovesse proprio a lui la carica califfale, e infine lo fece giustiziare.
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  • Mu'nis al-Khadim (also called al-Muzaffar) was the commander of the Abbasid army during the reign of al-Muqtadir. His many successes on the field helped to check the decline of the Caliphate during his lifetime. The utter incompetence of the caliph, however, eventually caused Mu'nis to turn against him, an act that ultimately resulted in his death. Mu'nis rose to prominence under al-Muwaffaq, the brother of al-Mu'tamid. During the reign of al-Muqtadir he stopped a coup in 909.
  • al-Mu'nis al-Muzaffar war der bedeutendste Regent unter den Kalifen al-Muktadir und al-Qahir. al-Mu'nis al-Muzaffar war Eunuch. Sein Aufstieg begann, als er Kalif al-Muktadir während des Putsches des Abbasidenprinzen Abdallah al-Mutazz unterstützte und dessen Herrschaft rettete. Als Heerführer stellte er bald die eigentliche Macht im Kalifat dar.
  • Muʾnis al-Khādim - arabo: مؤنس ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺩﻡ, ovvero al-Muzaffar arabo: مؤنس المظفر - fu il comandante delle forze militari abbasidi durante il califfato di al-Muqtadir. I suoi numerosi successi sul campo lo aiutarono a frenare un declino ormai irreversibile del Califfato durante l'intera sua vita. La particolare incompetenza del Califfo, tuttavia, causò infine la rovina di Mu'nis e ne determinarono la violenta fine.
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  • Mu'nis al-Khadim
  • Al-Mu'nis
  • Mu'nis
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