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- A monument is a type of structure either explicitly created to commemorate a person or important event or which has become important to a social group as a part of their remembrance of past events. They are frequently used to improve the appearance of a city or location. Cities that are planned such as Washington D.C. , New Delhi and Brasília are often built around monuments. The Washington Monument's location (and vertical geometry, though not physical detail) was conceived to help organize public space in the city before it was ever connected with George Washington. Older cities have monuments placed at locations that are already important or are sometimes redesigned to focus on one. As Shelley suggested in his famous poem "Ozymandias" ("Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!"), the purpose of monuments is very often to impress or awe. In English the word "monumental" is often used in reference to something of extraordinary size and power. The word comes from the Latin "monere," which means 'to remind' or 'to warn. ' Functional structures made notable by their age, size or historic significance can also be regarded as monuments. This can happen because of great age and size, as in the case of the Great Wall of China, or because an event of great import occurred there such as the village of Oradour-sur-Glane in France. Many countries use Ancient monument or similar terms for the official designation of protected structures or archeological sites which may originally have been ordinary domestic houses or other buildings. Monuments are also often designed to convey historical or political information. They can be used to reinforce the primacy of contemporary political power, such as the column of Trajan or the numerous statues of Lenin in the Soviet Union. They can be used to educate the populace about important events or figures from the past, such as in the renaming of the old General Post Office Building in New York City to the James A. Farley Building, after former Postmaster General James Farley. The social meanings of monuments are rarely fixed and certain and are frequently 'contested' by different social groups. As an example whilst the former East German socialist state may have seen the Berlin Wall as a means of 'protection' from the ideological impurity of the west, dissidents and others would often argue that it was symbolic of the inherent fascism and paranoia of that state. This contention of meaning is a central theme of modern 'post processual' archaeological discourse. Monuments have been created for thousands of years, and they are often the most durable and famous symbols of ancient civilizations. The Egyptian Pyramids, the Greek Parthenon, and the Moai of Easter Island have become symbols of their civilizations. In more recent times, monumental structures such as the Statue of Liberty and Eiffel Tower have become iconic emblems of modern nation-states. The term monumentality relates to the symbolic status and physical presence of a monument. Until recently, it was customary for archaeologists to study large monuments and pay less attention to the everyday lives of the societies that created them. New ideas about what constitutes the archaeological record have revealed that certain legislative and theoretical approaches to the subject are too focused on earlier definitions of monuments. An example has been the United Kingdom's Scheduled Ancient Monument laws.
- Als Monument (von lateinisch monere erinnern; mens Sinn) wird ein bedeutendes oder wichtiges Denkmal von großen Maßen bezeichnet. Allgemein kann dies eine natürliche, markante Landmarke, ein von Menschenhand gefertigtes Bauwerk oder Bild/Gemälde sein. Im Besonderen soll ein Monument das Andenken an historisch bedeutende Personen oder Ereignisse in dauernder Weise erhalten. Als Monument lässt sich allgemein jedes monumentale Erinnerungszeichen verstehen, vom aufgeworfenen Hügel oder Stein bis zum vollendeten Kunstwerk. Man unterscheidet nach Zweckbestimmung Grabmale,, Ehrenmale, Mahnmale und Denkmale. Eine besondere monumentale Rolle spielen vielfach Kriegerdenkmale und Triumphbögen zur Erinnerung an einen militärischen Sieg oder zum Gedenken an die Toten wie das Völkerschlachtdenkmal in Leipzig. Grabmale ihrerseits können als Mausoleen und Grabhügel als Ruhestätten Verstorbener,, Obelisken, Stelen, Epitaphe (kleinere Monumente eines Verstorbenen) ausgeführt werden. Monumente für Ereignisse bestehen in Inschriften, Reliefs, allegorischen Gestalten, Obelisken, Säulen, Triumphbogen, Votivtempeln, Votivkirchen, oft auch in Monumentalbildern.
- Le mot « monument » provient du latin monumentum, de moneo « se remémorer ». désigne toute sculpture ou ouvrage architectural qui permet de rappeler un évènement ou une personne. Dans son sens général, le terme « monument » désigne un édifice ou une structure de valeur historique et culturelle. En France, la qualité de monument historique est apparue en 1830, a été consacrée par une loi de 1887 et a été confirmée par le législateur à travers la loi du 31 décembre 1913. Elle peut être indistinctement conférée par l’administration à n’importe quel bien corporel, mobilier ou immobilier, dès lors que sa conservation ou sa préservation peut en fonction de certains critères être considérée comme d’intérêt général. Pour Françoise Choay, dans l’Allégorie du Patrimoine, le monument travaille et mobilise la mémoire par « la médiation de l’affectivité », de façon à rappeler le passé en le faisant vibrer à la manière du présent. Ce passé contribue à maintenir et à préserver l’identité d’une communauté ethnique ou religieuse. Le monument assure, rassure, tranquillise en conjurant l’être du présent. Par monument, au sens le plus ancien et véritablement originel du terme, Riegl (Aloïs) Le Culte moderne des monuments, Le Seuil, Paris 1984, entend une œuvre créée de la main de l’homme et édifiée dans le but précis de conserver toujours présent et vivant dans la conscience des générations futures le souvenir de telle action ou de telle destinée. Quelquefois sont appelés « monuments » des constructions dont tout d'abord, le but était différent, comme par exemple la Tour Eiffel construite en 1889 à Paris. Ces œuvres sont devenues l'emblème d'une ville ou d'un peuple. Parfois, leur destruction possède une valeur symbolique, comme par exemple le déboulonnage des statues de Staline lors de la déstalinisation de l'URSS.
- モニュメント（Monument）は、記念碑、記念建物、記念館、銅像、慰霊碑、忠魂碑、忠霊塔など。
- Med monument forstås normalt et minnesmerke over en person eller hendelse. Innen kunsthistorie brukes gjerne en bredere definisjon, hvor enhver menneskeskapt gjenstand over en gitt størrelse kalles et monument. Innen arkeologi brukes begrepet enda bredere, om enhver menneskeskapt gjenstand som er av arkeologisk interesse, fra mynter til store byggverk. De mest bemerkelsesverdige monumenter kalles Verdensarven.
- Pomnik – dzieło rzeźbiarskie lub rzeźbiarsko-architektoniczne, wzniesione dla upamiętnienia osoby lub zdarzenia historycznego. Forma pomnika może być różna – najczęściej jest to posąg lub grupa rzeźb na cokole, może być nim jednak również kolumna, obelisk, naturalny głaz – kamień pamiątkowy, a nawet sztucznie usypane wzgórze lub budynek. Pojęcie "pomnik" w języku polskim jest dość wieloznaczne i szerokie, niekiedy jest poprzez nie – niewłaściwie – rozumiany nagrobek lub rzeźba plenerowa.
- Файл:Bronze Horseman002. jpg Самый знаменитый памятник Петру I Памятник — сооружение, предназначенное для увековечения людей, событий, объектов, иногда животных, а также литературных и кинематографических персонажей. Чаще всего никакой другой функции, кроме мемориальной, памятник не несёт. Наиболее распространённые виды памятников — скульптурная группа, статуя, бюст, плита с рельефом или надписью, триумфальная арка, колонна, обелиск и т. д. В архитектурном плане памятники огранизуют пространство, нередко памятники выполняют роль визуального центра площади или другого общественного пространства. На кладбищах устанавливаются надгробные памятники, часто воспроизводящие символы религии умершего (например, крест на христианских кладбищах).
- Anıt, önemli bir olayın veya büyük bir kişinin gelecek kuşaklarca tarih boyunca anılması için yapılan, göze çarpacak büyüklükte, sembol niteliğinde yapı, olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Anıtlar, genellikle heykel ya da çeşitli biçimlerdeki yapılar olabildiği gibi, ağaç da anıt olarak kabul edilmektedir. Anıtın amacı, bir kişinin, olayın ya da tarihsel bir dönemin anısını canlı tutmaktır. Tarihteki en önemi anıt örnekleri Mısır piramitleridir. Bir tür anıtmezar olan piramitler, çok eski zamanda yaşamış ve oraya gömülmüş olan firavunların (kralların) anılarını yaşatmak amacıyla yapılmışlardır. Zafer takları da tarihteki önemli anıt örneğidir. Roma'daki büyük zafer takları Romalı generallerin, Paris'teki ünlü Zafer Takı Napolyon ordularının savaşta kazandıkları zaferlerin anısına dikilmiştir. Londra'da Whitehall'daki Kenotaf da (boş lahit) en ünlü savaş anıtlarından biridir. Dünyanın pek çok ülkesinde, meydan ve caddelerde tek bir kişinin anısına dikilmiş anıtlara rastlanır. Ankara ve Türkiye'nin öteki kentlerindeki Atatürk, ABD’nin Washington kentindeki George Washington anıtları, İngiltere’de Londra'daki Trafalgar Meydanı'nda bulunan Nelson Sütunu bu tür anıtlara örnek olarak verilebilir.
- 不可移动文物（或稱古迹、史迹、文化古迹、历史遗迹），是先民在歷史、文化、建築、藝術上的具體遺產或遺址。包含古建築物、傳統聚落、古市街，考古遺址及其他歷史文化遺跡，涵蓋政治、军事、宗教、祭祀、居住、生活、娛樂、勞動、社會、經濟、教育等多方面領域，彌補文字、歷史等紀錄之不足。 一旦一個建築物或遺址被列為古蹟、或暫訂古蹟時，通常就受到主管機關保護，未經許可，包括所有者在內的任何人，都不可以任意變動、修改。如果是因為建築工程開挖而發現的古蹟或考古遺址，為了保護歷史文物，工程通常要立即暫停。
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- A monument is a type of structure either explicitly created to commemorate a person or important event or which has become important to a social group as a part of their remembrance of past events. They are frequently used to improve the appearance of a city or location. Cities that are planned such as Washington D.C. , New Delhi and Brasília are often built around monuments.
- Als Monument (von lateinisch monere erinnern; mens Sinn) wird ein bedeutendes oder wichtiges Denkmal von großen Maßen bezeichnet. Allgemein kann dies eine natürliche, markante Landmarke, ein von Menschenhand gefertigtes Bauwerk oder Bild/Gemälde sein. Im Besonderen soll ein Monument das Andenken an historisch bedeutende Personen oder Ereignisse in dauernder Weise erhalten.
- Le mot « monument » provient du latin monumentum, de moneo « se remémorer ». désigne toute sculpture ou ouvrage architectural qui permet de rappeler un évènement ou une personne. Dans son sens général, le terme « monument » désigne un édifice ou une structure de valeur historique et culturelle. En France, la qualité de monument historique est apparue en 1830, a été consacrée par une loi de 1887 et a été confirmée par le législateur à travers la loi du 31 décembre 1913.
- モニュメント（Monument）は、記念碑、記念建物、記念館、銅像、慰霊碑、忠魂碑、忠霊塔など。
- Med monument forstås normalt et minnesmerke over en person eller hendelse. Innen kunsthistorie brukes gjerne en bredere definisjon, hvor enhver menneskeskapt gjenstand over en gitt størrelse kalles et monument. Innen arkeologi brukes begrepet enda bredere, om enhver menneskeskapt gjenstand som er av arkeologisk interesse, fra mynter til store byggverk. De mest bemerkelsesverdige monumenter kalles Verdensarven.
- Pomnik – dzieło rzeźbiarskie lub rzeźbiarsko-architektoniczne, wzniesione dla upamiętnienia osoby lub zdarzenia historycznego. Forma pomnika może być różna – najczęściej jest to posąg lub grupa rzeźb na cokole, może być nim jednak również kolumna, obelisk, naturalny głaz – kamień pamiątkowy, a nawet sztucznie usypane wzgórze lub budynek.
- Файл:Bronze Horseman002. jpg Самый знаменитый памятник Петру I Памятник — сооружение, предназначенное для увековечения людей, событий, объектов, иногда животных, а также литературных и кинематографических персонажей.
- Anıt, önemli bir olayın veya büyük bir kişinin gelecek kuşaklarca tarih boyunca anılması için yapılan, göze çarpacak büyüklükte, sembol niteliğinde yapı, olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Anıtlar, genellikle heykel ya da çeşitli biçimlerdeki yapılar olabildiği gibi, ağaç da anıt olarak kabul edilmektedir. Anıtın amacı, bir kişinin, olayın ya da tarihsel bir dönemin anısını canlı tutmaktır. Tarihteki en önemi anıt örnekleri Mısır piramitleridir.
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