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- Monarchismus (respektive roajalismus) je politický směr upřednostňující jako společenské uspořádání monarchii. Konkrétní podoba monarchismu závisí na politické situaci a historii jednotlivých států.
- Monarchismus, ist die staatstheoretische Position zugunsten der Monarchie, des vererbbaren oder gewählten König- oder Kaisertums. Gegenüber der Diktatur liegt die wichtigste Abgrenzung in der Entscheidung für den grundsätzlichen Erbschaftsanspruch der zu vergebenden Macht bzw. Position – er ist in der Monarchie in aller Regel nicht unumschränkt. Wählbar sind Monarchen zudem meist lediglich aus der engen Schicht des Hochadels. Eine Abgrenzung gegenüber der Demokratie ist nicht möglich, da die konstitutionelle, verfassungsgebundene Monarchie, beliebige Integrationen in demokratische Staatssysteme erlaubt. Die Spannbreite geht hier von Monarchien, in denen das Parlament vorzugsweise administrative und beratende Funktionen hat bis hin zu Monarchien, in denen der Regent nur noch Repräsentationsaufgaben wahrnimmt.
- Monarchism is the advocacy of the establishment, preservation, or restoration of a monarchy as a form of government in a nation. A monarchist is an individual who supports this form of government out of principle, independent from the person, the monarch. In this system, the Monarch may be the person who sits on the throne, a pretender, or someone who would otherwise inhabit the throne but has been deposed. In 1687-88, the Glorious Revolution and the overthrow of King James II established the principles of constitutional monarchy, which would later be worked out by Montesquieu and other thinkers. However, absolute monarchy, theorized by Hobbes in the Leviathan (1651), remained a dominant principle. In the 18th century, Voltaire and others encouraged "enlightened absolutism", which was embraced by the Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II and Catherine II of Russia. Absolutism continued to be the dominant political principle of sovereignty until the 1789 French Revolution and the regicide against Louis XVI, which established the concept of popular sovereignty upheld by Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Monarchy began to be contested by the Republican principe. Counterrevolutionaries, such as Joseph de Maistre or Louis de Bonald, sought the restoration of the Ancien Régime, divided in the three estates of the realm, and the divine right of kings. Following the ousting of Napoleon I in 1814, the Coalition restored the Bourbon Dynasty in pushing Louis XVIII to the French throne. The ensuing period, called the Restoration, was characterized by a sharp conservative reaction and the re-establishment of the Roman Catholic Church, supported by the ultramontanism movement, as a power in French politics. After the 1830 July Revolution and the overthrow of Charles X, the legitimist branch was defeated and the Orleanists, gathered behind Louis-Philippe, accepted the principle of constitutional monarchy. The Spring of Nations in 1848 then set the signal for a new wave of revolutions against the European monarchies. World War I and its aftermath saw the end of three major European monarchies, the Russian Romanov dynasty, the German Hohenzollern dynasty and the Austro-Hungarian Habsburg dynasty. In Russia, the 1917 February revolution resulted in the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and the establishment of Bolshevik Russia and a civil war between the Bolshevik Red Army and the monarchist White Army from 1917 to 1921. The rise of the Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1919 saw an increase in support for monarchism, however efforts by Hungarian monarchists failed to bring back a royal head of state, and the monarchists settled for a regent, Admiral Miklós Horthy, to represent the monarchy until it could be restored. Horthy was regent from 1920 to 1944. In Germany a number of monarchists gathered around the German National People's Party which demanded the return of the Hohenzollern monarchy and an end to the Weimar Republic. The party retained a large base of support until the rise of Nazism in the 1930s. With the arrival of Communism in Eastern Europe by 1945, the remaining Eastern European monarchies such as the Kingdom of Romania, the Kingdom of Hungary, the Kingdom of Bulgaria and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia were all abolished and replaced by socialist republics. The aftermath of World War II also saw the return of monarchist and republican rivalry in Italy, in which a referendum was held on whether Italy should remain a monarchy or become a republic. The republican side won the referendum (by a narrow margin) and the modern Republic of Italy was created. Monarchism as a political force internationally has substantially diminished since the end of the Second World War, though it had an important role in the 1979 Iranian Revolution and also played a role in the modern political affairs of Nepal. Nepal was one of the last states to have had an absolute monarch, which continued until King Gyanendra of Nepal was peacefully deposed in May 2008 and Nepal became a federal republic. One of the world's oldest monarchies was abolished in Ethiopia in 1974 with the fall of Emperor Haile Selassie.
- Monarquismo, ideología para defender el establecimiento, preservación o restauración de una monarquía como forma de gobierno.
- Monarkismi poliittinen ideologia, joka pyrkii monarkistisen hallitusmuodon luomiseen, puolustamiseen, säilyttämiseen tai palauttamiseen. Tämän aatteen kannattajaa sanotaan monarkistiksi. Monarkismi keskittyy monarkistiseen järjestelmään ja kannattaa valtion hallitusmuodon muodostamista tältä pohjalta. Näin ollen monarkismi eroaa rojalismista (kuningasmielisyydestä) ja rojalisteista, jotka kannattavat jotain tiettyä monarkkia jonkin tietyn valtion päämieheksi sekä lisäksi yleensä jotain tiettyä hallitsijasuvun haaraa. Nämä käsitteet ovat menneet sekaisin erityisesti anglosaksisessa kielenkäytössä. Monesti historiassa tällaisia monarkistisia, mutta erityisesti rojalistisia, liikkeitä ovat olleet karlistit, jakobiitit, legitimistit ja ultrarojalistit. Perinteisessä Ranskan vallankumouksen jälkeen syntyneessä jaottelussa monarkistit sijoittuivat oikeistoon (tai keskustaoikeistoon) ja konservatiiveihin. Myös myöhemmät monarkistiset liikkeet ja puolueet on laskettu kuuluvan poliittiseen kentän oikealle laidalle.
- Le monarchisme est une doctrine politique qui prône la monarchie, c’est-à-dire une forme de gouvernement dans laquelle une seule personne fonde l'autorité de l'État. Le mode de désignation du monarque n'est pas nécessairement héréditaire : il peut dans de rares cas être élu, comme c'était le cas pour les empereurs du Saint-Empire romain germanique ou les doges de la République de Venise. Cependant, les mots monarque et monarchisme sont presque toujours utilisés à la place de ceux de roi et royalisme, en particulier dans les textes de ceux qui critiquaient la royauté sous l'Ancien Régime. On parle aussi, avec le présidentialisme, de monarchie républicaine.
- Il monarchismo è la concezione politica che indica la monarchia come migliore forma di governo. Un monarchico sostiene la necessità che un paese sia retto da un re a prescindere dalla particolare persona che, in un dato momento e contesto, detiene tale carica; in questo senso si distingue dal lealismo, inteso come fedeltà a un determinato monarca, e si oppone al repubblicanesimo. Il monarchismo può essere rivolto in particolare al sostegno di una determinata forma di monarchia, come la monarchia assoluta o la monarchia costituzionale.
- Een monarchist of royalist is een aanhanger van de monarchistische staatsvorm, bekend als monarchie. In een monarchie staat een staatshoofd aan het hoofd dat wordt opgevolgd door middel van erfopvolging, zoals dat onder andere het geval is in Nederland en België. De motivatie voor iemand om monarchist te zijn kan sentimenteel zijn (hij voelt zich emotioneel verbonden met het staatshoofd dat een verpersoonlijking is van de staat) of rationeel (de monarchie legt de opvolging van het staatshoofd voor een lange termijn vast en vormt daarmee een stabiele factor in de politiek). Monarchisten zijn overwegend behoudend, maar hoeven dat niet te zijn. De tegenhanger van de monarchist is een republikein.
- Monarkisme er en statsteoretisk posisjon i favør av monarki, altså et arvelig konge- keiser- eller fyrstedømme. Den kan avgrenses fra diktatur ved at arveligheten av makten står sentral. Beslektet er rojalisme. Rojalister har vært og er personer som tar parti for et monarki i motsetning til republikanere, særlig i 1700- og 1800-talls Storbritannia og Frankrike.
- Monarchizm (lub rojalizm) – pogląd głoszący, że monarchia jest najlepszym ustrojem politycznym. Monarchizm jest ideologią dążącą do zachowania, ustanowienia, bądź też przywrócenia monarchii w danym państwie. Monarchiści są zwykle powiązani z konserwatyzmem, aczkolwiek zdarzają się wyjątki np. lewicowa Nowa Akcja Rojalistyczna (Francja) czy liberalny Narodowy Ruch "Symeon II" (Bułgaria). Zwolennicy monarchizmu twierdzą, iż nie chcą władzy dla siebie, więc nie mogą być nazwani partią polityczną. Zazwyczaj mają już swojego kandydata, wywodzącego się z któregoś ze szlacheckich rodów, którego uważają za odpowiedniego monarchę, względnie potomka obalonego wcześniej króla.
- Монархизм — политическое движение, целью которого является установление или сохранение монархии. Монархические организации существуют во многих государствах мира. Крупнейшим объединением монархистов в мире является Международная монархическая конференция. По состоянию на 11 января 2010 года ММК объединяла 67 монархических организаций и СМИ из 31 страны мира. Россию в ММК представляют Российский Имперский Союз-Орден, принадлежащие РИС-О сайт «ЛегитимистЪ» и англоязычный The Russian Monarchist’s Blog, а также Российское имперское движение. Также Российская империя представлена Организацией польских монархистов. Президентом ММК является Кришна Прасад Сигдель, генеральным секретарём ММК — Сильван Руссильон. Также существуют Международная монархическая лига и Общество Объединённых роялистов. В некоторых республиканских странах монархисты активно участвуют в политической борьбе. Например, в Болгарии Национальное движение за стабильность и подъём (бывшее Национальное движение «Симеон II») входит в число ведущих партий страны и даже была правящей. В Чехии существует Монархическая партия Чехии, Богемии и Моравии, среди членов которой есть нескольких глав муниципалитетов и депутаты ряда муниципальных собраний.
- Monarkism är en ideologisk inställning som föredrar och förespråkar monarkin som statsskick, framför exempelvis republiken. På grund av monarkins starka folkliga stöd i Sverige har svensk monarkism inte utvecklats till en lika tydlig idéströmning som till exempel republikanismen, eller monarkismen i republiker runt om i världen.
- Монархізм — політичний рух, метою якого є встановлення, збереження або відновлення монархії як форми державного правління в країні. Монархіст — це людина, яка підтримує цю форму правління, із принципу, незалежно від монарха. У монархічній системі, монархом може бути людина, яка сидить на престолі, претендент на престол, або той, хто був повалений з престолу.
- 君主主義（Monarchism）指主張恢復君主制（在仍然實施君主制的國家，則保衛現有的君主制）的一種政治運動、思想，護君主政體或奉行君主原則的政治信念。君主主義者（Monarchist）則指這種運動的參與者。 勿把君主主義者與保皇黨混同。
- Monarchism is the advocacy of the establishment, preservation, or restoration of a monarchy as a form of government in a nation. A monarchist is an individual who supports this form of government, independent from the person, the monarch. In this system, the Monarch may be the person who sits on the throne, a pretender, or someone who would otherwise inhabit the throne but has been deposed. In 1687-88, the Glorious Revolution and the overthrow of King James II established the principles of constitutional monarchy, which would later be worked out by Montesquieu and other thinkers. However, absolute monarchy, theorized by Hobbes in the Leviathan (1651), remained a dominant principle. In the 18th century, Voltaire and others encouraged "enlightened absolutism", which was embraced by the Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II and Catherine II of Russia. Absolutism continued to be the dominant political principle of sovereignty until the 1789 French Revolution and the regicide against Louis XVI, which established the concept of popular sovereignty upheld by Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Monarchy began to be contested by the Republican principe. Counterrevolutionaries, such as Joseph de Maistre or Louis de Bonald, sought the restoration of the Ancien Régime, divided in the three estates of the realm, and the divine right of kings. Following the ousting of Napoleon I in 1814, the Coalition restored the Bourbon Dynasty in pushing Louis XVIII to the French throne. The ensuing period, called the Restoration, was characterized by a sharp conservative reaction and the re-establishment of the Roman Catholic Church, supported by the ultramontanism movement, as a power in French politics. After the 1830 July Revolution and the overthrow of Charles X, the legitimist branch was defeated and the Orleanists, gathered behind Louis-Philippe, accepted the principle of constitutional monarchy. The Spring of Nations in 1848 then set the signal for a new wave of revolutions against the European monarchies. World War I and its aftermath saw the end of three major European monarchies, the Russian Romanov dynasty, the German Hohenzollern dynasty and the Austro-Hungarian Habsburg dynasty. In Russia, the 1917 February revolution resulted in the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and the establishment of Bolshevik Russia and a civil war between the Bolshevik Red Army and the monarchist White Army from 1917 to 1921. The rise of the Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1919 saw an increase in support for monarchism, however efforts by Hungarian monarchists failed to bring back a royal head of state, and the monarchists settled for a regent, Admiral Miklós Horthy, to represent the monarchy until it could be restored. Horthy was regent from 1920 to 1944. In Germany a number of monarchists gathered around the German National People's Party which demanded the return of the Hohenzollern monarchy and an end to the Weimar Republic. The party retained a large base of support until the rise of Nazism in the 1930s. With the arrival of Communism in Eastern Europe by 1945, the remaining Eastern European monarchies such as the Kingdom of Romania, the Kingdom of Hungary, the Kingdom of Bulgaria and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia were all abolished and replaced by socialist republics. The aftermath of World War II also saw the return of monarchist and republican rivalry in Italy, in which a referendum was held on whether Italy should remain a monarchy or become a republic. The republican side won the referendum (by a narrow margin) and the modern Republic of Italy was created. Monarchism as a political force internationally has substantially diminished since the end of the Second World War, though it had an important role in the 1979 Iranian Revolution and also played a role in the modern political affairs of Nepal. Nepal was one of the last states to have had an absolute monarch, which continued until King Gyanendra of Nepal was peacefully deposed in May 2008 and Nepal became a federal republic. One of the world's oldest monarchies was abolished in Ethiopia in 1974 with the fall of Emperor Haile Selassie.
- Monarchism is a system based on the belief that political power should be concentrated in one person who rules by decree. A monarchist is an individual who supports this form of government, independent from the person, the monarch. In this system, the Monarch may be the person who sits on the throne, a pretender, or someone who would otherwise inhabit the throne but has been deposed. In 1687-88, the Glorious Revolution and the overthrow of King James II established the principles of constitutional monarchy, which would later be worked out by Montesquieu and other thinkers. However, absolute monarchy, theorized by Hobbes in the Leviathan (1651), remained a dominant principle. In the 18th century, Voltaire and others encouraged "enlightened absolutism", which was embraced by the Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II and Catherine II of Russia. Absolutism continued to be the dominant political principle of sovereignty until the 1789 French Revolution and the regicide against Louis XVI, which established the concept of popular sovereignty upheld by Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Monarchy began to be contested by the Republican principe. Counterrevolutionaries, such as Joseph de Maistre or Louis de Bonald, sought the restoration of the Ancien Régime, divided in the three estates of the realm, and the divine right of kings. Following the ousting of Napoleon I in 1814, the Coalition restored the Bourbon Dynasty in pushing Louis XVIII to the French throne. The ensuing period, called the Restoration, was characterized by a sharp conservative reaction and the re-establishment of the Roman Catholic Church, supported by the ultramontanism movement, as a power in French politics. After the 1830 July Revolution and the overthrow of Charles X, the legitimist branch was defeated and the Orleanists, gathered behind Louis-Philippe, accepted the principle of constitutional monarchy. The Spring of Nations in 1848 then set the signal for a new wave of revolutions against the European monarchies. World War I and its aftermath saw the end of three major European monarchies, the Russian Romanov dynasty, the German Hohenzollern dynasty and the Austro-Hungarian Habsburg dynasty. In Russia, the 1917 February revolution resulted in the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and the establishment of Bolshevik Russia and a civil war between the Bolshevik Red Army and the monarchist White Army from 1917 to 1921. The rise of the Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1919 saw an increase in support for monarchism, however efforts by Hungarian monarchists failed to bring back a royal head of state, and the monarchists settled for a regent, Admiral Miklós Horthy, to represent the monarchy until it could be restored. Horthy was regent from 1920 to 1944. In Germany a number of monarchists gathered around the German National People's Party which demanded the return of the Hohenzollern monarchy and an end to the Weimar Republic. The party retained a large base of support until the rise of Nazism in the 1930s. With the arrival of Communism in Eastern Europe by 1945, the remaining Eastern European monarchies such as the Kingdom of Romania, the Kingdom of Hungary, the Kingdom of Bulgaria and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia were all abolished and replaced by socialist republics. The aftermath of World War II also saw the return of monarchist and republican rivalry in Italy, in which a referendum was held on whether Italy should remain a monarchy or become a republic. The republican side won the referendum (by a narrow margin) and the modern Republic of Italy was created. Monarchism as a political force internationally has substantially diminished since the end of the Second World War, though it had an important role in the 1979 Iranian Revolution and also played a role in the modern political affairs of Nepal. Nepal was one of the last states to have had an absolute monarch, which continued until King Gyanendra of Nepal was peacefully deposed in May 2008 and Nepal became a federal republic. One of the world's oldest monarchies was abolished in Ethiopia in 1974 with the fall of Emperor Haile Selassie.
- Monarchism is a system based on the belief that political power should be concentrated in one person, who may rule by decree or through a constitutional system. A monarchist is an individual who supports this form of government, independent from the person, the monarch. In this system, the Monarch may be the person who sits on the throne, a pretender, or someone who would otherwise inhabit the throne but has been deposed.
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- Monarchismus (respektive roajalismus) je politický směr upřednostňující jako společenské uspořádání monarchii. Konkrétní podoba monarchismu závisí na politické situaci a historii jednotlivých států.
- Monarchismus, ist die staatstheoretische Position zugunsten der Monarchie, des vererbbaren oder gewählten König- oder Kaisertums. Gegenüber der Diktatur liegt die wichtigste Abgrenzung in der Entscheidung für den grundsätzlichen Erbschaftsanspruch der zu vergebenden Macht bzw. Position – er ist in der Monarchie in aller Regel nicht unumschränkt. Wählbar sind Monarchen zudem meist lediglich aus der engen Schicht des Hochadels.
- Monarquismo, ideología para defender el establecimiento, preservación o restauración de una monarquía como forma de gobierno.
- Monarkismi poliittinen ideologia, joka pyrkii monarkistisen hallitusmuodon luomiseen, puolustamiseen, säilyttämiseen tai palauttamiseen. Tämän aatteen kannattajaa sanotaan monarkistiksi. Monarkismi keskittyy monarkistiseen järjestelmään ja kannattaa valtion hallitusmuodon muodostamista tältä pohjalta.
- Le monarchisme est une doctrine politique qui prône la monarchie, c’est-à-dire une forme de gouvernement dans laquelle une seule personne fonde l'autorité de l'État. Le mode de désignation du monarque n'est pas nécessairement héréditaire : il peut dans de rares cas être élu, comme c'était le cas pour les empereurs du Saint-Empire romain germanique ou les doges de la République de Venise.
- Il monarchismo è la concezione politica che indica la monarchia come migliore forma di governo. Un monarchico sostiene la necessità che un paese sia retto da un re a prescindere dalla particolare persona che, in un dato momento e contesto, detiene tale carica; in questo senso si distingue dal lealismo, inteso come fedeltà a un determinato monarca, e si oppone al repubblicanesimo.
- Een monarchist of royalist is een aanhanger van de monarchistische staatsvorm, bekend als monarchie. In een monarchie staat een staatshoofd aan het hoofd dat wordt opgevolgd door middel van erfopvolging, zoals dat onder andere het geval is in Nederland en België.
- Monarkisme er en statsteoretisk posisjon i favør av monarki, altså et arvelig konge- keiser- eller fyrstedømme. Den kan avgrenses fra diktatur ved at arveligheten av makten står sentral. Beslektet er rojalisme. Rojalister har vært og er personer som tar parti for et monarki i motsetning til republikanere, særlig i 1700- og 1800-talls Storbritannia og Frankrike.
- Monarchizm (lub rojalizm) – pogląd głoszący, że monarchia jest najlepszym ustrojem politycznym. Monarchizm jest ideologią dążącą do zachowania, ustanowienia, bądź też przywrócenia monarchii w danym państwie. Monarchiści są zwykle powiązani z konserwatyzmem, aczkolwiek zdarzają się wyjątki np. lewicowa Nowa Akcja Rojalistyczna (Francja) czy liberalny Narodowy Ruch "Symeon II" (Bułgaria). Zwolennicy monarchizmu twierdzą, iż nie chcą władzy dla siebie, więc nie mogą być nazwani partią polityczną.
- Монархизм — политическое движение, целью которого является установление или сохранение монархии. Монархические организации существуют во многих государствах мира. Крупнейшим объединением монархистов в мире является Международная монархическая конференция. По состоянию на 11 января 2010 года ММК объединяла 67 монархических организаций и СМИ из 31 страны мира.
- Monarkism är en ideologisk inställning som föredrar och förespråkar monarkin som statsskick, framför exempelvis republiken. På grund av monarkins starka folkliga stöd i Sverige har svensk monarkism inte utvecklats till en lika tydlig idéströmning som till exempel republikanismen, eller monarkismen i republiker runt om i världen.
- Монархізм — політичний рух, метою якого є встановлення, збереження або відновлення монархії як форми державного правління в країні. Монархіст — це людина, яка підтримує цю форму правління, із принципу, незалежно від монарха. У монархічній системі, монархом може бути людина, яка сидить на престолі, претендент на престол, або той, хто був повалений з престолу.
- 君主主義（Monarchism）指主張恢復君主制（在仍然實施君主制的國家，則保衛現有的君主制）的一種政治運動、思想，護君主政體或奉行君主原則的政治信念。君主主義者（Monarchist）則指這種運動的參與者。 勿把君主主義者與保皇黨混同。
- Monarchism is the advocacy of the establishment, preservation, or restoration of a monarchy as a form of government in a nation. A monarchist is an individual who supports this form of government, independent from the person, the monarch. In this system, the Monarch may be the person who sits on the throne, a pretender, or someone who would otherwise inhabit the throne but has been deposed.
- Monarchism is a system based on the belief that political power should be concentrated in one person, who may rule by decree or through a constitutional system. A monarchist is an individual who supports this form of government, independent from the person, the monarch. In this system, the Monarch may be the person who sits on the throne, a pretender, or someone who would otherwise inhabit the throne but has been deposed.
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