In systems engineering, modular design — or "modularity in design" — is an approach that subdivides a system into smaller parts (modules) that can be independently created and then used in different systems to drive multiple functionalities. Besides reduction in cost (due to lesser customization, and less learning time), and flexibility in design, modularity offers other benefits such as augmentation (adding new solution by merely plugging in a new module), and exclusion.

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  • In systems engineering, modular design — or "modularity in design" — is an approach that subdivides a system into smaller parts (modules) that can be independently created and then used in different systems to drive multiple functionalities. Besides reduction in cost (due to lesser customization, and less learning time), and flexibility in design, modularity offers other benefits such as augmentation (adding new solution by merely plugging in a new module), and exclusion. Examples of modular systems are cars, computers and high rise buildings. Earlier examples include looms, railroad signaling systems, telephone exchanges, pipe organs and electric power distribution systems. Computers use modularity to overcome changing customer demands and to make the manufacturing process more adaptive to change. Modular design is an attempt to combine the advantages of standardization (high volume normally equals low manufacturing costs) with those of customization. A simple example of modular design in cars is the fact that, while many cars come as a basic model, paying extra will allow for "snap in" upgrades such as a more powerful engine or seasonal tyres; these do not require any change to other units of the car such as the chassis, steering or exhaust systems. "Characterized by: (1) Functional partitioning into discrete scalable, reusable modules consisting of isolated, self-contained functional elements; (2) Rigorous use of well-defined modular interfaces, including object-oriented descriptions of module functionality; (3) Ease of change to achieve technology transparency and, to the extent possible, make use of industry standards for key interfaces. " A downside to modularity (and this depends on the extent of modularity) is that modular systems are not optimized for performance. This is usually due to the cost of putting up interfaces between modules.
  • En informatique, la modularité consiste dans le regroupement de fonctions, de méthodes et de traitement visant à permettre d'abord de répartir le développement d'une grosse application sur plusieurs (groupes de) personnes, afin que chacun puisse faire indépendamment des autres ses test unitaires, mais aussi, ensuite, à permettre une certaine réutilisabilité de certaines unités de traitement -modules- (et donc de portions de code) pour éviter de redévelopper des applications. La modularité est une approche structurante qui sépare un logiciel en petites unités qui, rassemblées, composeront l'ensemble du logiciel. En conception logicielle, la modularité est opposée au raffinement. Le fonctionnement des services Web est basé sur le principe de modularité.
  • ブロック工法（ブロックこうほう）は、造船において船体を一括して建造せず、いくつかの塊に分けて同時に製造し、最後につなぎ合わせて完成させる工法。 リバティ船などの戦時規格船を急速建造する際に採用され、第二次世界大戦後の造船における主力工法となった。 なお、造船以外で、「○○ブロック」を使った工法を「○○ブロック工法」と呼ぶことがある。
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  • In systems engineering, modular design — or "modularity in design" — is an approach that subdivides a system into smaller parts (modules) that can be independently created and then used in different systems to drive multiple functionalities. Besides reduction in cost (due to lesser customization, and less learning time), and flexibility in design, modularity offers other benefits such as augmentation (adding new solution by merely plugging in a new module), and exclusion.
  • En informatique, la modularité consiste dans le regroupement de fonctions, de méthodes et de traitement visant à permettre d'abord de répartir le développement d'une grosse application sur plusieurs (groupes de) personnes, afin que chacun puisse faire indépendamment des autres ses test unitaires, mais aussi, ensuite, à permettre une certaine réutilisabilité de certaines unités de traitement -modules- (et donc de portions de code) pour éviter de redévelopper des applications.
  • ブロック工法（ブロックこうほう）は、造船において船体を一括して建造せず、いくつかの塊に分けて同時に製造し、最後につなぎ合わせて完成させる工法。 リバティ船などの戦時規格船を急速建造する際に採用され、第二次世界大戦後の造船における主力工法となった。 なお、造船以外で、「○○ブロック」を使った工法を「○○ブロック工法」と呼ぶことがある。
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  • Modular design
  • Modularité
  • ブロック工法
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