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- Mile Budak (1889 - 1945) was an Ustashe, best known as one of the chief ideologists of the Croatian nationalist Ustaše movement, which ruled the Independent State of Croatia, or NDH, from 1941-45 and waged a genocidal campaign against its Serb, Roma and Jewish minorities. He created the Croatian national plan to get rid of Orthodox Serbs by killing one third, expelling one third and assimilating the rest. Mile Budak was born in Sveti Rok, in Lika, which was then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He attended gymnasium in Sarajevo and studied law at University of Zagreb. In 1912 he was arrested by Austro-Hungarian authorities over his alleged role in attempted assassination of Croatian ban (vice-roy) Slavko Cuvaj. In 1914, after the start of World War I, he was drafted in Austro-Hungarian Army where he received the rank of NCO In 1915 he was captured by the Serbian Army and witnessed the Serb retreat through Albania in 1915-16 After the end of war Mile Budak returned to Zagreb. In 1920 he received a law degree at University of Zagreb in 1920 and became clerk in the office of Ante Pavelić. He became active in Croatian Party of Rights (HSP) and was elected in Zagreb City Assembly. In 1920s he was the editor of political magazines close to HSP. In 1932 he survived an assassination attempt from men close to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. After, he emigrated to Italy, in order to join Ustaše and become commandant of an Ustaše training camp. In 1938 he returned to Zagreb, where he started Hrvatski narod, a weekly newspaper. In 1940 authorities had that magazine banned, and Budak arrested . On March 31, 1941 - in a joint letter to Hitler, Pavelić and Budak asked him "to help Croatian people establish an independent Croatian state that would encompass the old Croatian regions, among them Bosnia and Herzegovina. " When the Independent State of Croatia was formed, Mile Budak became chief propagandist and Minister of Education and Cults. As such he publicly stated that forcible conversion, expulsion and extermination of the ethnic Serb minority was the official national policy. Croatian novelist Miroslav Krleza marked Budak as "a minister of culture with a machine gun". For instance in a widely documented speech at Gospić on 22 July 1941 he declared: "The movement of the Ustashi is based on religion. For the minorities we have three million bullets. We shall kill one part of the Serbs, expell the second part, and covert to Catholicism the third part of them " Stella Alexander attributes this exposition of Ustaše policy to Budak and notes that he spoke in similar terms on several other occasions. He later became Croatian ambassador to Nazi Germany (November 1941 - April 1943) and foreign minister (May 1943 - May 1945). When the Independent State of Croatia collapsed, Mile Budak was captured by English military authorities and handed to Josip Broz Tito's Partisans - on May 18 1945. Court-martialed (before the military court of the 2nd Yugoslav army) in Zagreb on Jun 6th 1945, sentenced to death the same day and executed next day. During the trial, Budak behaved cowardly, constantly weeping, and claiming that he was not guilty of anything Budak was also known for his literary work, especially novels and plays in which he had glorified Croatian peasantry. The best known of his work are: "Ognjište" (The Hearth), "Opanci dida Vidurine" (Granpa Vidurina's Shoes), "Rascvjetana trešnja" (The Blossoming Cherry Tree). About his writing, E. E. Noth wrote: Here we find the stubborn, spiritual-realistic conception of man and his relation to the soil on which he lives and which Mile Budak symbolizes as "the hearth" After the war his books were banned by Yugoslav Communist authorities. Because of that, many Croatian nationalists viewed Mile Budak as great figure of Croatian literature, equal, if not superior to left-wing Miroslav Krleža. Following Croatian independence in early 1990s, in Croatia, where the ruling Croatian Democratic Union badly wanted to reinterpret the fascist Ustasha quislings of World War Two as a Croatian patriotic force. Hence, the reissue in early 1993 of the collected works of Mile Budak,the second-in-command in the Ustasha regime. Commenting, at the time of this reissue, Croatian writer Giancarlo Kravar wrote: "... Ustashism, in its history, was undoubtly also a positive political movement for the state-building affirmation of Croatianism, the expression of the centuries-long aspiration of the Croatian people" As of August 2004, there were seventeen sities in Croatia which streets named after Budak. The archbishopric of Zagreb, declared at one point that it had no objection to the erection of a monument to the dead fascist . Croatian Radiotelevision aired a dramatisation of Budak's autobiographical account of the 1915-16 Serb retreat through Albania. The official line was that Budak should be viewed as an important literary figure, independently of his controversial role in World War II. This caused reaction from the left-wing, liberal minority of the Croatian public, most notably Feral Tribune, which launched a year's long campaign to have Budak-named streets renamed. In 2003, Ivo Sanader's government decided to finally deal with the issue which resulted in renaming all the streets bearing Budak's name save one; the Mile Budak street in Slavonski Brod. In 2004 a plaque commemorating Budak's birth in Sveti Rok was removed by Ivo Sanader's government, in an attempt to show that his government is distancing itself from the controversial policies of the late Tuđman.
- Mile Budak war ein kroatischer Schriftsteller und Politiker.
- Mile Budak oli kroatialainen kirjailija ja poliitikko. Mile Budak syntyi Sveti Rokissa, joka tuolloin oli osa Itävalta-Unkaria ja kävi koulunsa Sarajevossa. Hän muutti Zagrebiin opiskellakseen yliopistossa historiaa ja maantiedettä. Budak osallistui ensimmäiseen maailmansotaan, jossa joutui Serbian sotavangiksi. Rauhan tultua hän palasi 1920 Zagrebiin mutta vaihtoi entiset opintonsa lakiopintoihin. Näihin aikoihin hän tutustui Ante Pavelićiin. Budak oli mukana äärioikeistolaisessa poliittisessa liikehdinnässä muun muassa kaupunginvaltuutettuna. Hän joutui 1932 murhayrityksen kohteeksi, jonka jälkeen hän muutti Italiaan liittyen siellä Ustašaan. Budak kirjoitti yhdessä Ante Pavelićin kanssa Ustašan ohjelmanjulistusta sekä toimi koulutusleirin johtajana. Hän palasi Zagrebiin 1938. Itsenäinen Kroatian valtio julistettiin 10. huhtikuuta 1941 ja Mile Budak nimettiin sen opetus- ja uskontoministeriksi. 6. kesäkuuta 1941 hän piti puheen jossa julisti, että "kolmasosa serbeistä surmataan, kolmasosa karkotetaan maasta ja kolmasosa käännytetään pakolla katolisuuteen". Romaneille ja juutalaisille tarjotaan "kolme miljoonaa luotia". Puhe uutisoitiin kaikissa NDH:n sanomalehdissä. NDH:n johtavana kulttuurihenkilönä Budak yritti taivutella taiteilijoita tukemaan uutta hallintoa. Tosin kirjailija Miroslav Krleza nimitti Budakia "konekiväärikulttuuriministeriksi" eikä kuvanveistäjä Ivan Mestrovic suostunut veistämään Ante Pavelicin patsasta. Mestrovic pyysi Budakilta lupaa saada ulkomaanpassi ja siirtyä ulkomaille. Hän joutui pyyntönsä takia vankilaan. Budak vieraili Vatikaanissa, missä esiintyi niin edukseen, että sai johtavien kirkonmiesten sympatiat kääntymään, ainakin tilapäisesti, NDH:n ja Ustašan puolelle. 1943 Budak siirtyi NDH:n suurlähettilääksi Saksaan ja alkoi menettää asemaansa Ustašan sisärenkaassa. Vuoteen 1945 mennessä hän oli lopettanut poliittisen toimintansa. 18. toukokuuta 1945 hän joutui brittiviranomaisten vangiksi ja luovutettiin edelleen Jugoslaviaan. Hänet asetettiin oikeuteen sotarikoksista Zagrebissa 6. kesäkuuta ja teloitettiin seuraavana päivänä. Hänen perheensä oli menettänyt henkensä Bleiburgin murhenäytelmässä.
- Mile Budak was een Kroatische dichter, antisemiet en fascist, die lid was van de Ustašabeweging.
- Ми́ле Бу́дак — хорватский государственный деятель и писатель. Деятель режима усташей в Хорватии, организатор геноцида против сербов, цыган и евреев, заслуживший прозвище «министр культуры с автоматом». Писатель (его романы и сейчас продаются в Хорватии). Призывал к изгнанию сербов из Хорватии и их уничтожению, называл их в своих книгах «рабами», «нищими» и т. п. После прихода к власти усташей занял должности министра образования, религии и культов, а также доглавника (заместителя поглавника, то есть «вождя» партии усташей, Анте Павелича). Ему приписываются слова о том, что усташи обязаны «убить треть, изгнать треть и обратить в католичество треть сербов», предположительно произнесённые летом 1941 года. Арестован партизанами в 1945 г. при попытке бежать в Австрию и казнён вместе с многими другими деятелями коллаборационистского режима. Семья Будака погибла во время Блайбургской бойни. После провозглашения независимости Хорватии в 1991 г. , при диктатуре Франьо Туджмана, предпринимались попытки реабилитации Будака, большими тиражами издавались его книги. Официальная позиция состояла в том, что его ценили как писателя и борца за независимость страны, независимо от результатов его политической деятельности. Однако после прихода к власти в 2003 году правительства Иво Санадера в отношении к Будаку произошёл поворот. В частности, были переименованы все улицы, носящие его имя, демонтирована мемориальная доска. Возродил старый экстремистский призыв «Серба - на вербу!».
- Mile Budak född 30 augusti 1889 i Sveti Rok, död 7 juli 1945 i Belgrad, var en kroatisk advokat, författare och högerorienterad politiker. Budak ingick i den ultranationalistiska Ustaša-rörelsen och fick asyl i Italien då rörelsen förbjöds i Jugoslavien 1929. Han återvände 1938 och från 1941 innehade han flera politiska poster, bland annat som utbildnings- och utrikesminister. 1945 avrättades han som krigsförbrytare.
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- Mile Budak (1889 - 1945) was an Ustashe, best known as one of the chief ideologists of the Croatian nationalist Ustaše movement, which ruled the Independent State of Croatia, or NDH, from 1941-45 and waged a genocidal campaign against its Serb, Roma and Jewish minorities. He created the Croatian national plan to get rid of Orthodox Serbs by killing one third, expelling one third and assimilating the rest.
- Mile Budak war ein kroatischer Schriftsteller und Politiker.
- Mile Budak oli kroatialainen kirjailija ja poliitikko. Mile Budak syntyi Sveti Rokissa, joka tuolloin oli osa Itävalta-Unkaria ja kävi koulunsa Sarajevossa. Hän muutti Zagrebiin opiskellakseen yliopistossa historiaa ja maantiedettä. Budak osallistui ensimmäiseen maailmansotaan, jossa joutui Serbian sotavangiksi. Rauhan tultua hän palasi 1920 Zagrebiin mutta vaihtoi entiset opintonsa lakiopintoihin. Näihin aikoihin hän tutustui Ante Pavelićiin.
- Mile Budak was een Kroatische dichter, antisemiet en fascist, die lid was van de Ustašabeweging.
- Ми́ле Бу́дак — хорватский государственный деятель и писатель. Деятель режима усташей в Хорватии, организатор геноцида против сербов, цыган и евреев, заслуживший прозвище «министр культуры с автоматом». Писатель (его романы и сейчас продаются в Хорватии).
- Mile Budak född 30 augusti 1889 i Sveti Rok, död 7 juli 1945 i Belgrad, var en kroatisk advokat, författare och högerorienterad politiker. Budak ingick i den ultranationalistiska Ustaša-rörelsen och fick asyl i Italien då rörelsen förbjöds i Jugoslavien 1929. Han återvände 1938 och från 1941 innehade han flera politiska poster, bland annat som utbildnings- och utrikesminister. 1945 avrättades han som krigsförbrytare.
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