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- Middle Welsh is the label attached to the Welsh language of the 12th to 14th centuries, of which much more remains than for any earlier period. This form of Welsh developed from Old Welsh. Middle Welsh is the language of nearly all surviving early manuscripts of the Mabinogion, although the tales themselves are certainly much older. It is also the language of most of the manuscripts of Welsh law. Middle Welsh is reasonably intelligible, albeit with some work, to a modern-day Welsh speaker. The phonology of Middle Welsh is quite similar to that of modern Welsh, with only a few differences (Evans 1964). The letter u, which today represents /ɨ/ in North Welsh dialects and /i/ in South Welsh dialects, represented the close central rounded vowel /ʉ/ in Middle Welsh. The diphthong aw is found in unstressed final syllables in Middle Welsh, while in Modern Welsh it has become o (e.g. Middle Welsh marchawc = Modern Welsh marchog "horseman"). Similarly, the Middle Welsh diphthongs ei and eu have become ai and au in final syllables, e.g. Middle Welsh seith = modern saith "seven", Middle Welsh heul = modern haul "sun". The orthography of Middle Welsh was not standardized, and there is great variation between manuscripts in how certain sounds are spelled. Some generalizations of differences between Middle Welsh spelling and Modern Welsh spelling can be made (Evans 1964). For example, the possessive pronouns ei "his, her", eu "their" and the preposition i "to" are very commonly spelled y in Middle Welsh, and are thus spelled the same as the definite article y and the indirect relative particle y. A phrase such as y gath is therefore ambiguous in Middle Welsh between the meaning "the cat" (spelled the same in Modern Welsh), the meaning "his cat" (modern ei gath), and the meaning "to a cat" (modern i gath). The voiced stops /d ɡ/ are represented by the letters t c at the end of a word, e.g. diffryt "protection" (modern diffryd), redec "running" (modern rhedeg). The sound /k/ is very often spelled k before the vowels e i y (in Modern Welsh, it is always spelled c, e.g. Middle Welsh keivyn = modern ceifn "third cousin"). The sound /v/ is usually spelled u or v, except at the end of a word, where it is spelled f (in Modern Welsh, it is always spelled f, e.g. Middle Welsh auall = modern afall "apple tree"). The sound /ð/ is usually spelled d (in Modern Welsh, it is spelled dd, e.g. Middle Welsh dyd = modern dydd "day"). The sound /r̥/ is spelled r and is thus not distinguished from /r/ (in Modern Welsh, they are distinguished as rh and r respectively, e.g. Middle Welsh redec "running" vs. modern rhedeg).
- Il medio gallese (Cymraeg Canol) è il nome della lingua gallese parlata tra il XII e il XIV secolo. Questa forma di gallese si sviluppò dall'antico gallese. Il medio gallese è la lingua di quasi tutti i primi manoscritti ancora conservati del Mabinogion, ma è anche la lingua della maggioranza dei manoscritti della legge gallese. Il medio gallese è abbastanza comprensibile, sebbene con fatica, per un gallese di oggi.
- Средневалли́йский язык — период в истории валлийского языка с XII до конца XIV века. В отличие от древневаллийского языка, памятников средневаллийского сохранилось достаточно много; кроме того, многие древние памятники (такие как "Гододин" или поэзия Анейрина, созданные в древневаллийский период, сохранились лишь в средневаллийской передаче. К средневаллийскому периоду восходят так называемые Четыре древние книги Уэльса: Красная Книга из Хергеста, Чёрная Книга из Кармартена, Книга Талиесина и Книга Анейрина, а также тексты средневековых законов Хивела Доброго и множество оригинальных литературных произведений и переводов, в том числе с латинского и французского языков.
- 中古威爾斯語（Cymraeg Canol）指西元12世紀至14世紀之間的威爾斯語。此語言在威爾斯的中世紀民間故事集馬比諾吉昂手稿中完整地保留下來，儘管故事本身可追溯至更早的年代；除此之外，中古威爾斯語也是威爾斯法手稿中所使用的語言。即使需要一點額外的學習，中古威爾斯語對於現代的威爾斯語使用者來說還是種可理解的語言。 中古威爾斯語在語音方面和現代威爾斯語僅有些許不同 (Evans 1964)。字母 "u" 在現代威爾斯語北方及南方方言中分別代表 /ɨ/ 和 /i/，但在中古威爾斯語裡是代表閉央圓唇元音的 /ʉ/。中古威爾斯語裡在非重音的末音節中出現的雙元音 "aw" 在現代威爾斯語中則變成 "o"（例：中古威爾斯語 marchawc = 現在威爾斯語 marchog「騎馬者」）。類似的例子：中古威爾斯語的雙元音 "ei" 和 "eu" 在末音節中也已變成 "ai" 和 "au"，例如中古威爾斯語 seith = 現代威爾斯語 saith「七」；中古威爾斯語 heul = 現在威爾斯語 haul「太陽」。 中古威爾斯語的書寫法尚未被標準化，有時相同的音在不同手稿中也會有頗差異的拼法。雖然如此，中古威爾斯語和現在威爾斯語拼法上的差異還是可以做一些彙整 (Evans 1964)。例如所有代名詞 ei「他的，她的」、eu「他們的」和前置詞 i「向……」在中威爾斯語就被廣泛地拼作 y，等同於定冠詞和間接關係代名詞的 y。舉例來說，y gath 在中古威爾斯語裡的意思就相當模擬兩可，可同時代表「那貓」（等同現代威爾斯語）、「他的貓」（現代威爾斯語中為 ei gath）及「給／向一隻貓」（現代威爾斯語中為 i gath）。有聲塞音的 /d g/ 在中古威爾斯語的字尾時被拼作 "t c"，如 diffryt「保護」等同現代威爾斯語的 diffryd，如 redec「奔跑」等同現代威爾斯語的 rhedeg。/k/ 在元音 e i y 前常被拼為 "k"，但在現在威爾斯語中則永遠是 "c"，例如 keivyn「第三代的堂表兄妹」等同現代威爾斯語的 ceifn。/v/ 在非末音節常被拼為 "u" 或 "v"，但在現在威爾斯語則永遠拼為 "f"，如 auall「蘋果樹」等同現代威爾斯語的 afall。/ð/ 常被拼為 "d"，等同現代威爾斯語的 "dd"，如 dyd「一天，一日」等同現代威爾斯語的 dydd。/r̥/ 也被拼作 "r" 以致於與 /r/ 完全無拼寫上的區別，但在現代則分別拼作 "rh" 和 "r"，如 redec「奔跑」等同現代威爾斯語的 rhedeg。
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- Middle Welsh is the label attached to the Welsh language of the 12th to 14th centuries, of which much more remains than for any earlier period. This form of Welsh developed from Old Welsh. Middle Welsh is the language of nearly all surviving early manuscripts of the Mabinogion, although the tales themselves are certainly much older. It is also the language of most of the manuscripts of Welsh law. Middle Welsh is reasonably intelligible, albeit with some work, to a modern-day Welsh speaker.
- Il medio gallese (Cymraeg Canol) è il nome della lingua gallese parlata tra il XII e il XIV secolo. Questa forma di gallese si sviluppò dall'antico gallese. Il medio gallese è la lingua di quasi tutti i primi manoscritti ancora conservati del Mabinogion, ma è anche la lingua della maggioranza dei manoscritti della legge gallese. Il medio gallese è abbastanza comprensibile, sebbene con fatica, per un gallese di oggi.
- Средневалли́йский язык — период в истории валлийского языка с XII до конца XIV века.
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