Middle Chinese, or Ancient Chinese as used by linguist Bernhard Karlgren, refers to the Chinese language spoken during Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties (6th century - 10th century). The term "Middle Chinese", in contrast to Old Chinese and Modern Chinese, is usually used in the context of historical Chinese phonology, which seeks to reconstruct the pronunciation of Chinese used during these times.
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- Middle Chinese, or Ancient Chinese as used by linguist Bernhard Karlgren, refers to the Chinese language spoken during Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties (6th century - 10th century). The term "Middle Chinese", in contrast to Old Chinese and Modern Chinese, is usually used in the context of historical Chinese phonology, which seeks to reconstruct the pronunciation of Chinese used during these times. Middle Chinese can be divided into an early period, generally called Early Middle Chinese, and a later period, Late Middle Chinese. The transition point between Early and Later Middle Chinese is thought to be during the Mid-Tang Dynasty and is indicated by phonological developments. For example, in the rime book Qieyun, bilabial initials [p pʰ b m] characters are shown, but there were no labiodental initials like f and v, which can be found in Jiyun. This indicates that a sound change in the pronunciation of Chinese occurred in the four centuries after the appearance of Qieyun.
- Le chinois médiéval est un état ancien de la langue chinoise restitué par la linguistique historique. Il suit le chinois archaïque. Le premier à avoir tenté de reconstituer ces états anciens de la langue chinoise est le sinologue suédois Bernhard Karlgren. La langue chinoise étant notée par des sinogrammes qui n'indiquent graphiquement que de manière très floue leur prononciation, la restitution a dû se faire au moyen de l'analyse interne fournie par les dictionnaires de rimes de la dynastie Sui et la dynastie Tang ainsi que la comparaison externe entre les prononciations des caractères dans des langues ayant emprunté des mots chinois ou les ayant continué en se différenciant en langues chinoises.
- Il medio cinese, o cinese medio, o anche cinese antico nell'accezione utilizzata dal linguista Bernhard Karlgren, si riferisce alla lingua cinese parlata durante le Dinastie del Nord e del Sud e le Dinastie Sui, Tang e Song (VI-X secolo). Il termine "medio cinese", in contrapposizione all'antico cinese e al cinese moderno, si usa di solito nel contesto della fonologia storica cinese, che cerca di ricostruire la pronuncia del cinese utilizzato in quei tempi. Il medio cinese può essere diviso in un periodo iniziale, generalmente chiamato primo medio cinese, ed un periodo succesivo, il tardo medio cinese. Si pensa che il punto di transizione fra il primo ed il tardo medio cinese sia collocato durante la metà della Dinastia Tang ed è indicato da sviluppi fonologici. Ad esempio, nel libro di rima Qieyun, sono mostrati i caratteri delle iniziali bilabiali [p pʰ b m], ma non vi sono iniziali labiodentali come f e v, che si possono trovare nel Jiyun. Questo indica che nei quattro secoli dopo la comparsa del Qieyun nella pronuncia del cinese avvenne un cambiamento di suoni.
- 中古音(ちゅうこおん)とは、中国音韻学上、南北朝時代後期から、隋・唐・五代・宋初にかけて使用された中国語の音韻体系。南北朝後期、隋から唐代初期の中古音を前期中古音、唐代中期から五代・宋にかけての中古音を後期中古音に分ける。中古音で重要なのは前期中古音なので、その中心となる時代から隋唐音と呼ばれることもある。狭義としては、中古音の復元の中心となる『切韻』に示されている音韻体系を指す。 中古音は、『切韻』などの韻書や韻図、現代中国語の諸方言、日本語・朝鮮語・ベトナム語など周辺言語の漢字音の研究から推定される。
- Język średniochiński - termin utworzył sinolog i lingwista, Bernhard Karlgren, na określenie języka chińskiego używanego między VI a X wiekiem. Termin ten jest używany w kontekście historycznej fonologii języka chińskiego. Okres kiedy używano języka średniochińskiego dzieli się na okres wczesny oraz późny. Przełom nastąpił w środkowym okresie dynastii Tang, ok. VIII w. , i dotyczył pojawienia się nowych głosek.
- 中古汉语是南北朝、隋朝、唐朝时期的汉语,她继承自上古汉语,后来发展为近代汉语。 对于中古汉语和近代汉语(有材料称为近古汉语)的分界,有很多不同的意见,大多集中在唐宋时期的归属上。还有学者把中古汉语分为两个阶段,早期中古汉语以切韵音为代表,晚期中古汉语以韵图为代表。
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- Middle Chinese, or Ancient Chinese as used by linguist Bernhard Karlgren, refers to the Chinese language spoken during Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties (6th century - 10th century). The term "Middle Chinese", in contrast to Old Chinese and Modern Chinese, is usually used in the context of historical Chinese phonology, which seeks to reconstruct the pronunciation of Chinese used during these times.
- Le chinois médiéval est un état ancien de la langue chinoise restitué par la linguistique historique. Il suit le chinois archaïque. Le premier à avoir tenté de reconstituer ces états anciens de la langue chinoise est le sinologue suédois Bernhard Karlgren.
- Il medio cinese, o cinese medio, o anche cinese antico nell'accezione utilizzata dal linguista Bernhard Karlgren, si riferisce alla lingua cinese parlata durante le Dinastie del Nord e del Sud e le Dinastie Sui, Tang e Song (VI-X secolo). Il termine "medio cinese", in contrapposizione all'antico cinese e al cinese moderno, si usa di solito nel contesto della fonologia storica cinese, che cerca di ricostruire la pronuncia del cinese utilizzato in quei tempi.
- Język średniochiński - termin utworzył sinolog i lingwista, Bernhard Karlgren, na określenie języka chińskiego używanego między VI a X wiekiem. Termin ten jest używany w kontekście historycznej fonologii języka chińskiego. Okres kiedy używano języka średniochińskiego dzieli się na okres wczesny oraz późny. Przełom nastąpił w środkowym okresie dynastii Tang, ok. VIII w. , i dotyczył pojawienia się nowych głosek.
- 中古汉语是南北朝、隋朝、唐朝时期的汉语,她继承自上古汉语,后来发展为近代汉语。 对于中古汉语和近代汉语(有材料称为近古汉语)的分界,有很多不同的意见,大多集中在唐宋时期的归属上。还有学者把中古汉语分为两个阶段,早期中古汉语以切韵音为代表,晚期中古汉语以韵图为代表。
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- Middle Chinese
- Chinois médiéval
- Medio cinese
- 中古音
- Język średniochiński
- 中古汉语
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