Max Abraham (March 26, 1875 – November 16, 1922) was a German physicist. Abraham was born in Danzig, Imperial Germany to a family of Jewish merchants. His father was Moritz Abraham and his mother was Selma Moritzsohn. Attending the University of Berlin, he studied under Max Planck. He graduated in 1897. For the next three years, Abraham worked as Planck's assistant. From 1900 to 1909, Abraham worked at Göttingen as a privatdozent, an unpaid lecturing position.

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  • Max Abraham oli saksalainen fyysikko, joka kehitti 1910-luvulla painovoimateoriaa, joka haastoi Albert Einsteinin teorian.
  • Max Abraham war ein deutscher theoretischer Physiker.
  • Max Abraham est un physicien allemand qui a proposé une théorie de l'électron.
  • Allievo di Max Planck, fu dapprima professore di meccanica razionale nel politecnico di Milano, tra il 1914 e il 1919, poi di fisica nei politecnici di Stoccarda e Monaco di Baviera. I suoi lavori più importanti concernono l'elettrodinamica, specialmente si devono a lui notevoli progressi nello studio della dinamica dell'elettrone.
  • Max Abraham (ur. 26 marca 1875 w Danzig - zm. 16 grudnia 1922 w Monachium) – niemiecki fizyk. W 1902 roku sformułował pierwszą hipotezę o strukturze elektronu. Na jej podstawie wyprowadził wzór na zależność masy elektronu od prędkości. Był profesorem uniwersytetów między innymi w Stuttgarcie, Monachium i w Getyndze.
  • Макс Абрагам — немецкий физик-теоретик.
  • Max Abraham (March 26, 1875 – November 16, 1922) was a German physicist. Abraham was born in Danzig, Imperial Germany to a family of Jewish merchants. His father was Moritz Abraham and his mother was Selma Moritzsohn. Attending the University of Berlin, he studied under Max Planck. He graduated in 1897. For the next three years, Abraham worked as Planck's assistant. From 1900 to 1909, Abraham worked at Göttingen as a privatdozent, an unpaid lecturing position. Abraham developed his theory of the electron in 1902, in which he hypothesized that the electron was a perfect sphere with a charge divided evenly around its surface. Hendrik Lorentz (1899, 1904) and Albert Einstein (1905) developed a different theory which became more widely accepted; nevertheless, Abraham never gave up believing that his views were correct, since in his eyes they were based on "common sense". In 1909 Abraham travelled to the United States to accept a position at the University of Illinois, but ended up returning to Göttingen after a few months. He was later invited to Italy by Tullio Levi-Civita, and found work as the professor of rational mechanics at the Politecnico di Milano university until 1914. When World War I started, Abraham was forced to return to Germany. During this time he worked on the theory of radio transmission. After the war, he still was not allowed back into Milan, so until 1921 he worked at Stuttgart as the professor of physics at Technische Hochschule. After his work at Stuttgart, Abraham accepted the position of chair in Aachen; however, before he started his work there he was diagnosed with a brain tumor. He died on November 16, 1922 in Munich, Germany. After his death, Max Born and Max von Laue wrote about him in an obituary: He loved his absolute aether, his field equations, his rigid electron just as a youth loves his first flame, whose memory no later experience can extinguish. Further information: History of special relativity, Mass-energy equivalence, and Lorentz ether theory
  • Max Abraham foi um físico alemão. Abraham nasceu em Gdańsk, pertencente então ao Império Alemão. Filho dos judeus Moritz Abraham e Selma Moritzsohn. Estudou na Universidade de Berlim, onde foi aluno de Max Planck. Graduou-se em 1897. Nos três anos seguintes foi assistente de Planck. De 1900 a 1909 trabalhou em Göttingen como privatdozent. Abraham desenvolveu sua teoria do elétron em 1902, na qual ele sugere a hipótese segundo a qual o elétron é uma esfera perfeita contendo uma carga dividida uniformemente em torno de sua superfície. Hendrik Lorentz (1899, 1904) e Albert Einstein (1905) desenvolveram uma teoria diferente, a qual tornou-se amplamente aceita; no entanto, Abraham nunca desistiu de acreditar que os seu ponto de vista era o correto, uma vez que a seu ver eles eram baseados no senso comum. Em 1909 Abraham viajou aos Estados Unidos aceitando uma oportunidade de trabalho na Universidade de Illinois em Urbana-Champaign, porém retornou a Göttingen poucos meses depois. Posteriormente, ele foi convidado por Tullio Levi-Civita para mudar-se para a Itália. Lá, tornou-se professor de mecânica clássica no Politecnico di Milano até 1914. Quando a Primeira guerra mundial começou, Abraham foi forçado a retornar à Alemanha. Durante esse tempo, ele trabalhou na teoria da radiotransmissão. Depois do fim da guerra, ele continuou sem permissão para retornar a Milão, então, até 1921 esteve a trabalhar em Stuttgart, como professor de física na Technische Hochschule. Após seu trabalho em Stuttgart, Abraham aceitou uma cátedra na universidade de Aachen; contudo, antes de iniciar foi diagnosticado com um tumor cerebral. Morreu em 16 de novembro de 1922 em Munique, Alemanha. Após sua morte, Max Born e Max von Laue escreveram sobre ele em um obituário: "Ele amou seu éter absoluto, suas equações de campo, seu elétron rígido, assim com um jovem ama sua primeira chama, cuja memória nenhuma das últimas experiências pode apagar."
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  • Max Abraham oli saksalainen fyysikko, joka kehitti 1910-luvulla painovoimateoriaa, joka haastoi Albert Einsteinin teorian.
  • Max Abraham (March 26, 1875 – November 16, 1922) was a German physicist. Abraham was born in Danzig, Imperial Germany to a family of Jewish merchants. His father was Moritz Abraham and his mother was Selma Moritzsohn. Attending the University of Berlin, he studied under Max Planck. He graduated in 1897. For the next three years, Abraham worked as Planck's assistant. From 1900 to 1909, Abraham worked at Göttingen as a privatdozent, an unpaid lecturing position.
  • Max Abraham war ein deutscher theoretischer Physiker.
  • Max Abraham est un physicien allemand qui a proposé une théorie de l'électron.
  • Allievo di Max Planck, fu dapprima professore di meccanica razionale nel politecnico di Milano, tra il 1914 e il 1919, poi di fisica nei politecnici di Stoccarda e Monaco di Baviera. I suoi lavori più importanti concernono l'elettrodinamica, specialmente si devono a lui notevoli progressi nello studio della dinamica dell'elettrone.
  • Max Abraham (ur. 26 marca 1875 w Danzig - zm. 16 grudnia 1922 w Monachium) – niemiecki fizyk. W 1902 roku sformułował pierwszą hipotezę o strukturze elektronu. Na jej podstawie wyprowadził wzór na zależność masy elektronu od prędkości. Był profesorem uniwersytetów między innymi w Stuttgarcie, Monachium i w Getyndze.
  • Max Abraham foi um físico alemão. Abraham nasceu em Gdańsk, pertencente então ao Império Alemão. Filho dos judeus Moritz Abraham e Selma Moritzsohn. Estudou na Universidade de Berlim, onde foi aluno de Max Planck. Graduou-se em 1897. Nos três anos seguintes foi assistente de Planck. De 1900 a 1909 trabalhou em Göttingen como privatdozent.
  • Макс Абрагам — немецкий физик-теоретик.
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