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- Massimo Campigli (July 4, 1895 – May 31, 1971), born Max Ihlenfeld, was a Italian painter and journalist. He was born in Berlin, but spent most of his childhood in Florence. His family moved to Milan in 1909, and here he worked on the Letteratura magazine, frequenting avant-garde circles and making the acquaintance of Boccioni and Carrà. In 1914 the Futurist magazine Lacerba published his "Giornale + Strada – Parole in libertà" ("Journal + Road – Free speech"). During World War I Campigli was captured and deported to Hungary where he remained a prisoner of war from 1916–18. At the end of the war he moved to Paris where he worked as foreign correspondent for the Milanese daily newspaper Corriere della Sera. Although he had already produced some drawings during the war, it was only after he arrived in Paris that he started to paint. At the Café du Dôme he consorted with artists including Giorgio de Chirico, Alberto Savinio, Gino Severini and Filippo De Pisis. Extended visits to the Louvre deepened Campigli's interest in ancient Egyptian art, which became a lasting source of his own painting. His first figurative works applied geometrical designs to the human figure, reflecting the influence of Pablo Picasso and Fernand Léger as well as the Purism of "L’Esprit Nouveau". In 1923, he organised his first personal exhibition at the Bragaglia Gallery in Rome. During the next five years his figures developed a monumental quality, often with stylised poses and the limbs interwoven into a sculptural solidity. The importance given to order and tradition, the atmosphere of serenity and eternity were in line with the post-war reconstruction and the programme of the “Twentieth Century” artists with whom Campigli frequently exhibited both in Milan from 1926–29 and abroad from 1927–31. As from 1926, he joined the "Paris Italians" together with Giorgio de Chirico, Filippo de Pisis, Renato Paresce, Savinio, Severini and Mario Tozzi. In 1928, year of his debut at the Venice Biennial, he was very much taken by the Etruscan collection when visiting the National Etruscan Museum in Rome. He then broke away from the compact severity of his previous works in favour of a plane with subdued tones and schematic forms rich in archaisms. During a journey in Romania with his first wife Magdalena Rădulescu, he started a new cycle of works portraying women employed in domestic tasks and agricultural labour. These figures were arranged in asymmetrical and hieratic compositions, hovering on a rough textured plane, inspired by ancient fresco. These works were enthusiastically received by the critics at the exhibition held in the Jeanne Bucher gallery, Paris, in 1929 and at the Milione Gallery, Milan, in 1931. During the ‘thirties he held a series of solo exhibitions in New York, Paris and Milan which brought him international acclaim. In 1933 Campigli returned to Milan where he worked on projects of vast dimensions. In the same year he signed Mario Sironi’s Mural Art Manifesto and painted a fresco of mothers, country-women, working women, for the V Milan Triennial which unfortunately was later destroyed. In the following ten years other works were commissioned: I costruttori ("The builders") for the Geneva League of Nations in 1937; Non uccidere ("Do not kill") for the Milan Courts of Justice in 1938, an enormous 300 square metre fresco for the entrance hall, designed by Gio Ponti, of the Liviano, Padua which he painted during 1939–40. After divorcing in 1939, Campigli remarried with the sculptress Giuditta Scalini. Together they passed the war years in Milan and in Venice, then after the war they divided their time between Rome, Paris and Saint-Tropez. In 1943, his son Nicola was born in Venice. In a personal exhibition at the Venice Biennial in 1948 he displayed his new compositions: female figures inserted in complicated architectonic structures. During the 60s his figures were reduced to coloured markings in a group of almost abstract canvasses. In 1967 a retrospective exhibition was dedicated to Campigli at the Palazzo Reale in Milan. He died in 1971 in Saint-Tropez.
- Massimo Campigli war ein deutsch-italienischer Journalist, Maler und Grafiker, der unter anderem dem Kubismus zuzuordnen ist. Nachdem er den größten Teil seiner Kindheit und Jugend in Florenz zugebracht hatte, zog Massimo Campigli im Jahr 1909 nach Mailand und knüpfte dort erste Kontakte zur Künstlerszene, insbesondere zu den Künstlern des Futurismus. Im Jahr 1919 ging er als Auslandskorrespondent des 'Corriere della Sera' nach Paris, wo er im Café du Dôme am Montparnasse verkehrte, dem Treffpunkt zahlreicher Künstler, wie Giorgio Di Chirico, Alberto Savinio, Gino Severini und Filippo De Pisis. Die Bekanntschaft mit diesen Künstlern regte ihn zum Malen an. Massimo Campiglis Malerei wurde stark von seinen Eindrücken von altägyptischer Kunst beeinflusst, die er in den Museen – vor allem im Louvre besichtigte. Die klassische Kunst des alten Ägyptens inspirierte seine Werke ein Leben lang. Daneben beschäftigte er sich intensiv mit den kubistischen Werken von Fernand Léger und der Metaphysichen Kunst von Carlo Carrà. Auch die (so genannten „klassizistischen“) Werke von Pablo Picasso aus dieser Zeit sollen ihn nachhaltig beeinflusst haben. Im Jahr 1927 gab Campigli seinen Beruf als Journalist auf und widmete sich fortan hauptberuflich der Malerei. Nach einem Besuch des „Museo Etrusco“ in der Villa Giulia in Rom 1928 malte er Bilder mit nostalgisch anmutenden, ätherischen Frauengestalten in einer archaischen Umgebung. Diese Bildmotive pflegte er bis ans Ende seines Lebens. Von 1927 bis 1930 nahm Massimo Campigli an den Ausstellungen des "Novecento" in Zürich, Amsterdam, Berlin und Bern teil. 1933 unterzeichnete er das "Manifesto della Pittura Murale" zusammen mit Mario Sironi, Carlo Carrà und Achille Funi. Im Jahr 1939 zog der Künstler nach Venedig um. In dieser Zeit entstanden überwiegend Grafiken. Von 1945 bis 1951 lebte und arbeitete Campigli noch einmal in Paris. Im Jahr 1951 zog er nach Rom, wo er bis zum Jahr 1963 wohnte. 1955 und 1959 nahm Campigli an der documenta I und der documenta II in Kassel teil. 1963 zog Massimo Campigli nach Saint-Tropez in Frankreich, wo er bis zu seinem Tod am 31. Mai 1971 lebte und bis zuletzt arbeitete.
- Massimo Campigli, de son véritable nom Max Hilenfeld, est un peintre italien.
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- Massimo Campigli (July 4, 1895 – May 31, 1971), born Max Ihlenfeld, was a Italian painter and journalist. He was born in Berlin, but spent most of his childhood in Florence. His family moved to Milan in 1909, and here he worked on the Letteratura magazine, frequenting avant-garde circles and making the acquaintance of Boccioni and Carrà. In 1914 the Futurist magazine Lacerba published his "Giornale + Strada – Parole in libertà" ("Journal + Road – Free speech").
- Massimo Campigli war ein deutsch-italienischer Journalist, Maler und Grafiker, der unter anderem dem Kubismus zuzuordnen ist. Nachdem er den größten Teil seiner Kindheit und Jugend in Florenz zugebracht hatte, zog Massimo Campigli im Jahr 1909 nach Mailand und knüpfte dort erste Kontakte zur Künstlerszene, insbesondere zu den Künstlern des Futurismus.
- Massimo Campigli, de son véritable nom Max Hilenfeld, est un peintre italien.
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