Madras Presidency, also known as Madras Province and known officially as Presidency of Fort St. George, was a province of British India. At its greatest extent, Madras Presidency included much of southern India, including the present-day Indian State of Tamil Nadu, the Malabar region of North Kerala, Lakshadweep Islands, the Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema regions of Andhra Pradesh, Brahmapur and Ganjam districts of Orissa and the Tulu Naduregion as well as Bellary district of Karnataka.
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- Madras Presidency, also known as Madras Province and known officially as Presidency of Fort St. George, was a province of British India. At its greatest extent, Madras Presidency included much of southern India, including the present-day Indian State of Tamil Nadu, the Malabar region of North Kerala, Lakshadweep Islands, the Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema regions of Andhra Pradesh, Brahmapur and Ganjam districts of Orissa and the Tulu Naduregion as well as Bellary district of Karnataka. The presidency had its capital at Madras (now known as Chennai). The Presidency had its origins in the Agency of Fort St George established by the British East India Company soon after the purchase of the village of Madraspatnam in 1639. However, there have been Company factories at Machilipatnam and Armagon ever since the early 1600s. Madras was upgraded to a Presidency in 1652 before reverting to its previous status as an Agency. In 1684, Madras was elevated to a Presidency once again and Elihu Yale was appointed its first President. From 1785 onwards, as per the provisions of the Pitt's India Act, the ruler of the Presidency of Fort St George was styled Governor instead of President and was made subordinate to the Governor-General at Calcutta. Madras made a significant contribution to the Indian freedom movement in the early decades of the 20th century. Madras was the first province in British India where the system of dyarchy was first implemented. The Presidency was dissolved when India became independent on August 15, 1947. On January 26, 1950, when the Republic of India was inaugurated, Madras was admitted as one of the states of the Indian Union. Madras was one of the three provinces originally established by the British East India Company as per the terms of the Pitt's India Act. The head of state held the title of Agent from 1640 to 1652 and 1655 to 1684, and President from 1652 to 1655 and 1684 to 1785, and Governor from 1785 to 1947. The judicial, legislative and executive powers are rested in the Governor who is assisted by a Council whose constitution has been modified by reforms enacted in 1861, 1909, 1919 and 1935. As per the Montague-Chelmsford reforms of 1919, a system of dyarchy was established and regular elections were conducted till the outbreak of the Second World War. The head of the government was known as Prime Minister. In 1908, the province comprised 22 districts each under a District Collector. Each district was further sub-divided into taluks and firqas. The smallest unit of administration was the village.
- Die Präsidentschaft Madras war eine der ursprünglichen drei großen Verwaltungseinheiten der Britischen Ostindien-Kompanie, deren offizielle Bezeichnung Presidency of Fort Saint George lautete. Sie umfasste den größten Teil von Südindien. Die erste britische Niederlassung im Stadtgebiet von Madras entstand 1639. Im Jahr darauf wurde mit dem Bau des Fort Saint George begonnen. 1641 wurde der Platz das Hauptquartier der Kompanie an der Koromandelküste und 1653 als Präsidentschaft losgelöst von Bantam auf Java. 1763 trat der Nawab von Arcot das Umland an die Briten ab und 1766 der Nizam von Hyderabad die Northern Circars. Weitere Erwerbungen folgten im Zuge der Kriege gegen Mysore und die Marathen. 1785 trat an Stelle des Präsidenten ein Gouverneur, der dem General-Gouverneur in Calcutta unterstand. 1858 ging die Hoheit über Indien an die britische Krone über. Madras bestand als Provinz bis zur Unabhängigkeit Indiens am 15. August 1947. Nach der Verfassung der Republik Indien vom 26. Januar 1950 war Madras ein Staat der Gruppe A mit einem vom Präsidenten ernannten Gouverneur und einer parlamentarischen Regierung. Der Staat hatte 1951 eine Fläche von 330.976 km² und 57 Millionen Einwohner. Zwischen 1953 und 1956 wurden die Bundesstaaten Südindiens durch den States Reorganisation Act nach den Sprachgrenzen neuorganisiert: Am 1. Oktober 1953 wurde der telugusprachige Norden von Madras ein eigener Staat mit der Bezeichnung Andhra. Dieser wurde am 1. November 1956 mit dem ebenfalls telugusprachigen Osten des Staates Hyderabad vereinigt und in Andhra Pradesh umbenannt. Zum selben Zeitpunkt kamen die kannadasprachigen Teile von Madras zum Bundesstaat Mysore (1973 in Karnataka umbenannt) und die malayalamsprachigen Gebiete zu Kerala. Der tamilischsprachige Südteil verblieb beim Bundesstaat Madras. Dieser heißt seit 1969 Tamil Nadu.
- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#e3e3e3" | 基礎情報 valign="top" | 国 | ファイル:British Raj Red Ensign. svg インド valign="top" | 行政区 | マドラス管区 valign="top" | style="border-bottom: solid 1px #ccd2d9;" | 首府 | style="border-bottom: solid 1px #ccd2d9;" | マドラス（Madras） マドラス管区（英語 Madras Presidency または Madras Province、タミル語 சென்னை மாகாணம்、テルグ語 చెన్నపురి సంస్థానము）は、イギリス領インド帝国の管区のひとつ。正式名称は、「セント・ジョージ要塞管区」（Presidency of Fort St. George）である。南インドの広大な地域を含んでおり、現在のインドのタミル・ナードゥ州、ケーララ州北部、ラクシャディープ諸島、アーンドラ・プラデーシュ州沿海部および南西部（ラーヤラシーマ地方）、そしてオリッサ州のガンジャーム県周辺部と、カルナータカ州のバッラーリ県・ダクシナ・カンナダ県・ウドゥピ県を含む。管区首府はマドラスであった。
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- The non-Brahmin movement was started by Sir P. Theagaroya Chetty '''', affectionately called ''Periyar'', who gave it the much-needed impetus through his social and political work
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- Madras Presidency, also known as Madras Province and known officially as Presidency of Fort St. George, was a province of British India. At its greatest extent, Madras Presidency included much of southern India, including the present-day Indian State of Tamil Nadu, the Malabar region of North Kerala, Lakshadweep Islands, the Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema regions of Andhra Pradesh, Brahmapur and Ganjam districts of Orissa and the Tulu Naduregion as well as Bellary district of Karnataka.
- Die Präsidentschaft Madras war eine der ursprünglichen drei großen Verwaltungseinheiten der Britischen Ostindien-Kompanie, deren offizielle Bezeichnung Presidency of Fort Saint George lautete. Sie umfasste den größten Teil von Südindien. Die erste britische Niederlassung im Stadtgebiet von Madras entstand 1639. Im Jahr darauf wurde mit dem Bau des Fort Saint George begonnen.
- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#e3e3e3" | 基礎情報 valign="top" | 国 | ファイル:British Raj Red Ensign.
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- Madras Presidency
- Madras (Präsidentschaft)
- マドラス管区
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