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- Pieniannoksinen naltreksoni (low dose naltrexone eli LDN) on jossain määrin eksperimentaaliseksi luettava hoito, jossa reseptilääke naltreksonia käytetään vain noin 1/10:ssa normaaliannoksesta. Sillä on hoidettu autoimmuunisairauksia, muita immuunijärjestelmän sairauksia, neurologisia sairauksia, joitain kroonisia infektioita ja jopa joitain syöpiä. Sitä on käytetty erityisesti MS-taudin ja HIV-infektion hoidossa. LDN:nä tunnetun hoidon kehitti neurologian erikoislääkäri, professori Bernard Bihari jo 1980-luvun puolivälissä. Viime vuosina hoidon suosio on kasvanut voimakkaasti ja loppuvuodesta 2007 Yhdysvalloissa järjestetään kolmas LDN-konferenssi.
- Low dose naltrexone (LDN) describes the "off-label" use of the medication naltrexone, typically prescribed for opioid dependence or alcohol dependence, at low doses and for other diseases such as as multiple sclerosis. Although there have been dramatic claims about its efficacy in treating a wide range of diseases including cancer and HIV, these claims are not generally supported by scientific evidence. This treatment has received significant attention on the Internet, especially through websites run by organizations promoting its use. Naltrexone is an opioid receptor antagonist, meaning it binds to opioid receptors in cells. These receptors bind endogenous pain relieving compounds such as endorphins as well as semi-synthetic opioids such as morphine or heroin which are also used for pain relief, but can be abused, leading to opiod dependence. Government regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration have approved the use of naltrexone for chronic treatment of opioid dependence and for drug detoxification. Basic science research has shown that opioid receptors may have other uses in the body than just for modulating pain, such as paradoxically increasing the production of the body's natural endorphins, and it is on this basis that supporters of the LDN have extrapolated the clinical claims as a treatment for a multitude of diseases. Advocates have claimed that this increased endorphin production can reduce pain, spasticity, fatigue and other symptoms. These claims, however, are not supported by significant clinical research. The studies that have been published on LDN have largely been pilot studies and are all preliminary in nature, which are useful in directing future directions in research, but not justifying clinical use. LDN use has been advocated for the use in multiple sclerosis, based on large amounts of anecdotal evidence such as testimonials. The benefits in those with multiple sclerosis has not been evaluated in large studies, and while preliminary research shows it has somewhat of a promise, much more research is necessary before it can be recommended for clinical use. The dramatic claims by testimonials about LDN being a "cure" or "wonder drug" are not borne out by the preliminary research so far, and LDN should be considered an "unproven treatment" and should not be used in replacement of more proven therapies, despite what some advocacy websites claim. A publication by the National Multiple Sclerosis Society notes that further, more rigorous studies are needed before it can be confirmed that LDN has an effect on multiple sclerosis symptoms or is even safe for use. There have also been preliminary research done on the use of LDN in Crohn's disease, fibromyalgia and autism, but this research is in the most preliminary stages and does not justify clinical use. In addition to these claims, there have been a number of pseudoscientific claims (such as "boosting" the immune system) about its use in a wide range of diseases such as cancer, HIV, lupus amongst others on various websites. These claims are not only unsupported by clinical research, but are also contradictory. They claim LDN is able to treat diseases of immune dysfunction such as HIV in addition to autoimmune diseases where improving the immune system could make the autoimmune disease worse. Steven Novella has noted that claims of treating a wide range of diseases with different etiologies should be a red flag to be skeptical about these claims which are likely to be "bogus treatment with claims that are literally too good to be true. " LDN is not covered by insurance and therefore all expenses for its use should be expected to be paid for out of pocket.
- Terapia naltreksonem w niskiej dawce (ang. Low Dose Naltrexone, LDN) – rodzaj eksperymentalnej terapii, gdzie naltrekson jest używany w niewielkich dawkach, około 10–krotnie niższych od zalecanych w terapii odwykowej. Choroby, w których LDN zdaje się dawać wyraźne rezultaty kliniczne, to m. in. : różne typy nowotworów, m. in. glejaki i chłoniaki stwardnienie rozsiane łuszczyca Choroba Crohna i colitis ulcerosa AIDS fibromialgia zespół przewlekłego zmęczenia. Niska dawka naltreskonu blokuje przez kilka godzin receptory opioidowe, co prowadzi do nadprodukcji wewnętrznych opioidów - endorfin. Endorfiny produkowane są także przez komórki układu odpornościowego i modulują ich działanie . U chorych na stwardnienie rozsiane (SM) poziom endorfin jest niższy niż u osób zdrowych i im niższy poziom tym cięższy przebieg choroby. β interferon stosowany w leczeniu SM powoduje wzrost stężenia endorfin . Szablon:Przypisy
- Låg dos Naltrexon (LDN), innebär att man använder opioidantagonisten naltrexon vid en tiondel av dosen som används vid drogrehabiliteringssyften som behandling mot ett antal sjukdomstillstånd relaterade till immunförsvarets funktion. Användningsområdet för LDN mot vissa former av cancer upptäcktes och utvecklades av Ian Zagon, Fil. Dr. i djur- och in vitro-forskning, medan de vidare kliniska effekterna av LDN i den mänskliga kroppen upptäcktes av Med. Dr. Bernard Bihari. Trots flera anekdotiska behandlingar och mindre studier där patienter verkar ha fått betydande resultat har behandlingen ännu inte testats fullt under formella fullskaliga studier och användandet ses som kontroversiellt.
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- Pieniannoksinen naltreksoni (low dose naltrexone eli LDN) on jossain määrin eksperimentaaliseksi luettava hoito, jossa reseptilääke naltreksonia käytetään vain noin 1/10:ssa normaaliannoksesta. Sillä on hoidettu autoimmuunisairauksia, muita immuunijärjestelmän sairauksia, neurologisia sairauksia, joitain kroonisia infektioita ja jopa joitain syöpiä. Sitä on käytetty erityisesti MS-taudin ja HIV-infektion hoidossa.
- Low dose naltrexone (LDN) describes the "off-label" use of the medication naltrexone, typically prescribed for opioid dependence or alcohol dependence, at low doses and for other diseases such as as multiple sclerosis. Although there have been dramatic claims about its efficacy in treating a wide range of diseases including cancer and HIV, these claims are not generally supported by scientific evidence.
- Terapia naltreksonem w niskiej dawce (ang. Low Dose Naltrexone, LDN) – rodzaj eksperymentalnej terapii, gdzie naltrekson jest używany w niewielkich dawkach, około 10–krotnie niższych od zalecanych w terapii odwykowej. Choroby, w których LDN zdaje się dawać wyraźne rezultaty kliniczne, to m. in. : różne typy nowotworów, m. in. glejaki i chłoniaki stwardnienie rozsiane łuszczyca Choroba Crohna i colitis ulcerosa AIDS fibromialgia zespół przewlekłego zmęczenia.
- Låg dos Naltrexon (LDN), innebär att man använder opioidantagonisten naltrexon vid en tiondel av dosen som används vid drogrehabiliteringssyften som behandling mot ett antal sjukdomstillstånd relaterade till immunförsvarets funktion. Användningsområdet för LDN mot vissa former av cancer upptäcktes och utvecklades av Ian Zagon, Fil. Dr. i djur- och in vitro-forskning, medan de vidare kliniska effekterna av LDN i den mänskliga kroppen upptäcktes av Med. Dr. Bernard Bihari.
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