Lombardic or Langobardic is the extinct language of the Lombards (Langobardi), the Germanic speaking people who settled in Italy in the 6th century. The language declined from the 7th century, but may have been in scattered use until as late as ca. AD 1000. The language is only preserved fragmentarily, the main evidence being individual words quoted in Latin texts. In the absence of Lombardic texts, it is not possible to draw any conclusions about the language's morphology and syntax.

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  • Lombardic or Langobardic is the extinct language of the Lombards (Langobardi), the Germanic speaking people who settled in Italy in the 6th century. The language declined from the 7th century, but may have been in scattered use until as late as ca. AD 1000. The language is only preserved fragmentarily, the main evidence being individual words quoted in Latin texts. In the absence of Lombardic texts, it is not possible to draw any conclusions about the language's morphology and syntax. The genetic classification the language is necessarily based entirely on phonology. Since there is evidence that Lombardic participated in, and indeed shows some of the earliest evidence for, the High German consonant shift, it is classified as an Elbe Germanic or Upper German dialect. The Historia Langobardorum of Paulus Diaconus mentions a duke Zaban of 574, showing /t/ shifted to /ts/. The term stolesazo (the second element is cognate with English seat) in the Edictum Rothari shows the same shift. Many names in the Lombard royal families show shifted consonants, particularly /p/ < /b/ in the following name components: pert < bert: Aripert, Godepert perg < berg: Perctarit, Gundperga prand < brand: Ansprand, Liutprand It has been suggested that the consonant shift may even have originated in Lombardic. Formerly, Lombardic was classified as Ingaevonian (North Sea Germanic), but this classification is considered obsolete. The classification of Lombardic within the Germanic languages may be complicated by issues of orthography. According to Hutterer (1999) it is close to Old Saxon. Tacitus counts them among the Suebi. Paulus Diaconus (8th century) and the Codex Gothanus (9th century) wrote that the Lombards were ultimately of Scandinavian origin, having settled at the Elbe before entering Italy. Longbardic fragments are preserved in runic inscriptions, in Latinized forms, and in transcriptions influenced by Old High German orthography. This Lombardic alphabet, as commonly transcribed, consists of the following graphemes: a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q(u), r, s, ʒ, t, þ, u, w, z The qu represents a [kw] sound. The ʒ is [s], e.g. skauʒ [skaus] "womb". The z is [ts]. h is [h] word-initially, and [x] elsewhere. Among the primary source texts are short inscriptions in the Elder Futhark, among them the "bronze capsule of Schretzheim" (ca. 600): On the lid: arogisd On the bottom: alaguþleuba : dedun ("Arogisl/-gast. Alaguth Leuba made ", less likely "Arogis and Alaguth made love") And also the two fibulae of Bezenye, Hungary (mid 6th century): Fibula A: godahid unj[a] Fibula B: (k?)arsiboda segun ("To Godahid, sympathy, Arsiboda's bless") There are a number of Latin texts which include Lombardic names, and Lombardic legal texts contain terms taken from the legal vocabulary of the vernacular, including: Origo gentis Langobardorum Paulus Diaconus, Historia Langobardorum Historia Langobardorum codicis Gothani Edictum Rothari In 2005, there were claims that the inscription of the Pernik sword may be Lombardic.
  • Langobardisch ist eine ausgestorbene germanische Sprache, die von den Langobarden gesprochen wurde und bis spätestens 1000 ausstarb. Geschichtlich werden die Langobarden und ihre Sprache erst vom 6. Jahrhundert an fassbar, als sie ihre Wohnsitze in Pannonien aufgeben und nach Norditalien einwandern. Zu einer Schriftsprache entwickelte sich das Langobardische nie, weil seine Sprecher sehr schnell die romanische Mundart der Einheimischen annahmen und wie diese als Schriftsprache das Lateinische nutzten. Welcher Sprachgruppe innerhalb der germanischen Sprachen das Langobardische angehörte, ist nicht restlos geklärt. Viele Wortbelege zeigen jedoch eine phonologische Erscheinung, die mit der hochdeutschen Lautverschiebung im Einklang ist. In der Forschung wird daher seit langem die These diskutiert, die Lautverschiebung, die von Süden nach Norden ausstrahlte, sei durch den Einfluss der langobardischen Sprache ausgelöst worden, die im Alpenraum mit den deutschen Dialekten in Berührung kam.
  • Langobardština (nebo též lombardština, ale existuje i románský jazyk lombardský) je vymřelý germánský jazyk, který používali Langobardi, germánský kmen sídlící na území dnešní severní Itálie v 6. století. Od 7. století byl jazyk spolu s kmenem výrazně vytlačován latinsky hovořícím obyvatelstvem. Poslední zmínky o lombardštině datujeme kolem roku 1000. Zachovaly se pouze fragmenty a žádná písemná podoba ve formě literatury. Z tohoto důvodů je také velice obtížné získat detailnější informace o morfologii a syntaxi.
  • La lingua dei Longobardi è un idioma germanico usato dal popolo che invase l'Italia nel 568. L'uso di tal lingua declinò rapidamente già nel VII secolo. Gli invasori adottarono in effetti rapidamente il volgare neolatino parlato dalle popolazioni locali. A comprova di ciò l'Editto di Rotari del 643 - che pur era promulgato per i soli Longobardi secondo il principio della personalità della legge - fu composto già in latino, anche se esso contiene numerose parole longobarde, in forma latinizzata o meno. Questi termini si riferivano in genere a istituti giuridici tipici del diritto longobardo, per i quali non esisteva, dunque, un corrispondente vocabolo latino. Le ultime attestazioni dell'uso della lingua longobarda sembrano giungere oltre l'anno 1000.
  • Het Langobardisch (niet te verwarren met het Lombardisch) is een uitgestorven West-Germaanse taal die waarschijnlijk vanaf de Oudheid tot ongeveer tot het jaar 1000 werd gesproken door de Langobarden, een Germaans volk dat aanvankelijk in de toenmalige Romeinse provincie Pannonië leefde en in de 6e eeuw gemigreerd is naar het huidige Noord-Italië. Het Langobardisch was verwant aan het Beiers en Alemannisch en wordt tegenwoordig samen met deze dialecten als een vorm van Opperduits beschouwd, aangezien het schaarse overgeleverde materiaal er op wijst dat het Langobardisch net als de andere Opperduitse dialecten de tweede Germaanse klankverschuiving volledig heeft doorgemaakt, en niet slechts gedeeltelijk zoals bij de Middelduitse dialecten het geval is.
  • Langobardisk er et utdødd vestgermansk språk. Det ble snakket av langobardene, de tysktalende nybyggerne i Italia i det 6. århundre. Fra det 7. århundre ble språket brukt mindre og mindre, men det mye tyder på at det kan ha vært i bruk helt fram til år 1000 e. kr.
  • Język longobardzki - wymarły język germański, używany przez Longobardów, od VI wieku n.e. na terenie dzisiejszych Włoch.
  • Langobartça Cermen dillerinden biriydi.
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  • Indo-European
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  • Lombardic
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  • Lombardic or Langobardic is the extinct language of the Lombards (Langobardi), the Germanic speaking people who settled in Italy in the 6th century. The language declined from the 7th century, but may have been in scattered use until as late as ca. AD 1000. The language is only preserved fragmentarily, the main evidence being individual words quoted in Latin texts. In the absence of Lombardic texts, it is not possible to draw any conclusions about the language's morphology and syntax.
  • Langobardisch ist eine ausgestorbene germanische Sprache, die von den Langobarden gesprochen wurde und bis spätestens 1000 ausstarb. Geschichtlich werden die Langobarden und ihre Sprache erst vom 6. Jahrhundert an fassbar, als sie ihre Wohnsitze in Pannonien aufgeben und nach Norditalien einwandern.
  • Langobardština (nebo též lombardština, ale existuje i románský jazyk lombardský) je vymřelý germánský jazyk, který používali Langobardi, germánský kmen sídlící na území dnešní severní Itálie v 6. století. Od 7. století byl jazyk spolu s kmenem výrazně vytlačován latinsky hovořícím obyvatelstvem. Poslední zmínky o lombardštině datujeme kolem roku 1000. Zachovaly se pouze fragmenty a žádná písemná podoba ve formě literatury.
  • La lingua dei Longobardi è un idioma germanico usato dal popolo che invase l'Italia nel 568. L'uso di tal lingua declinò rapidamente già nel VII secolo. Gli invasori adottarono in effetti rapidamente il volgare neolatino parlato dalle popolazioni locali.
  • Het Langobardisch (niet te verwarren met het Lombardisch) is een uitgestorven West-Germaanse taal die waarschijnlijk vanaf de Oudheid tot ongeveer tot het jaar 1000 werd gesproken door de Langobarden, een Germaans volk dat aanvankelijk in de toenmalige Romeinse provincie Pannonië leefde en in de 6e eeuw gemigreerd is naar het huidige Noord-Italië.
  • Langobardisk er et utdødd vestgermansk språk. Det ble snakket av langobardene, de tysktalende nybyggerne i Italia i det 6. århundre. Fra det 7. århundre ble språket brukt mindre og mindre, men det mye tyder på at det kan ha vært i bruk helt fram til år 1000 e. kr.
  • Język longobardzki - wymarły język germański, używany przez Longobardów, od VI wieku n.e. na terenie dzisiejszych Włoch.
  • Langobartça Cermen dillerinden biriydi.
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  • Lombardic language
  • Langobardische Sprache
  • Langobardština
  • Lingua longobarda
  • Langobardisch
  • Langobardisk
  • Język longobardzki
  • Langobartça
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