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- This list contains musical instruments of symbolic or cultural importance within a nation, state, ethnicity, tribe or other group of people. In some cases, national instruments remain in wide use within the nation, but in others, their importance is primarily symbolic (such as the Welsh triple harp). Danish ethnologist Lisbet Torp has concluded that some national instrument traditions, such as the Finnish kantele, are invented, pointing to the "influence of intellectuals and nationalists in the nationwide promotion of selected musical instruments as a vehicle for nationalistic ideas". Governments do not generally officially recognize national instruments; the only exceptions are the Paraguayan harp, the Japanese koto and the Trinidadian steelpan. Not every country has a national instrument. Denmark, for example, has no recognized national instrument, though the ancient lur has been seen as a national symbol. Some countries that do not have a widely recognized national instrument have been home to movements that seek to give a particular instrument that status. The United States is home to an organization—led by kazoo player and composer Barbara Stewart—that seeks to make the kazoo the national instrument, calling it "uniquely American" and "the most democratic of instruments". This accomplishment may turn out to be unachievable given a belief widely held in the banjo player community. Frank Rossi ardently promotes the belief that President Harry S. Truman declared the banjo the National Instrument of the United States via Presidential Proclamation in 1947. This list compiles instruments that have been alleged to be a national instrument by any of a variety of sources, and an instrument's presence on the list does not indicate that its status as a national instrument is indisputable, only that its status has been credibly argued. Each instrument on this list has a Hornbostel-Sachs number immediately below it. This number indicates the instrument's classification within the Hornbostel-Sachs system (H-S), which organizes instruments numerically based on the manner in which they produce sound. Images and recordings are supplied where available; note that there are often variations within a national musical tradition, and thus the images and recordings may not be accurate in depicting the entire spectrum of the given nation's music, and that some images and recordings may be taken from a region outside the core of the national instrument's home when such distinctions have little relevance to the information present in the image and recordings. A number of countries have more than one instrument listed, each having been described as a national instrument, not usually by the same source; neither the presence of multiple entries for one nation, nor for multiple nations for one instrument, on this list is reflective of active dispute in any instance. Alternative names and spellings are given. These mostly come from alternative spellings within English or alternative methods of transliterating from a foreign language to English, such as the Chinese yangqin, also transliterated yang ch'in and yang qin. Others reflect regions or subcultures within a given nation, such as the Australian didgeridoo which is or has been called didjeridu, yidaki, yiraki, magu, kanbi and ihambilbilg in various Australian Aboriginal languages. All non-English words are italicized. Nation Instrument Description H-S number Image Afghanistan rubabrabab Short-necked three-stringed lute with sympathetic and drone strings, fretted and plucked with a plectrum, with a double-chambered body, the lower part of which is covered in skin, and with three main strings 321.321-6 50px Albania ÇifteliaGajdeLahuta 50px African American, also believed to be of the United States banjo Four or five stringed instrument, plucked with a bare thumb and a forefinger covered by a metal thimble, traditionally with four or five strings, 321.312-5 50px Arab oud Pear-shaped fretless stringed instrument, with five courses of two strings and a single eleventh string, a bent back and a bowl-shaped body, often with up to three soundholes, played with a pick 321.321-6 50px Argentina bandoneón Button accordion with a box shape, played with both hands using buttons that produce two sets of notes per hand 412.132 50px Argentina guitar Fretted stringed instrument with a hollow body and a soundboard 321.322 50px Armenia dudukdaduk Double-reed pipe with wide reeds made from pieces of cane in a duckbill-type assembly, generally diatonic and with a single octave range 421.211.12 50px Australian, Indigenous didgeridoodidjeridu, yidaki, yiraki, magu, kanbi, ihambilbilg Straight trumpet without fingerholes, traditionally made from a trunk or thick branch of a tree, sometimes with a rim of beeswax around the blowing end, requires circular breathing 423.121.11 50px Azerbaijan balaban Set of cylindrical shawm-like instruments, with an air reservoir like a bagpipe 422.121-62 — Baganda peoples of Uganda endongo Bowl lyre made of lizardskin with strings tied to a piece of wood inserted into two holes on two arms 321.21 — Balochs suroz Bowed string instrument with a long neck, similar to a fiddle or sarangi and played vertically 321.322 — Bangladesh dotara Small stringed instrument, with plucked metal strings, elongated belly as soundboard and narrow neck ending in a pegbox, decorated with carvings of animals and covered with skin 321.322 — Bashkir kurai Long open endblown flute with five fingerholes 421.111.12 — Basotho lesiba Stringed instrument, blown rather than plucked or strummed, with a single string and tuning noose attached both to a bow and a feather quill, with a frame made from a coconut shell 311.121.222 — Bavaria zitherVolkszither Stringed instrument with a soundbox, with strings stretched across it, originally with four melody strings and no more than fifteen accompaniment strings 314.122 50px Bhutan dranyendranyen, dramnyen Seven-stringed lute, fretless, long-necked and double-waisted with rosette-shaped sound hole 321.321 — Bolivia charangocharanga Fretted, hollow-bodied bowl lute, usually with four or five doubled strings, with as many as eleven tunings, traditionally made from an armadillo shell 321.321-6 50px Brazil guitarviolão Fretted seven-stringed instrument with a soundboard and a hollow body, originally with steel strings, but now more commonly with nylon 321.322 50px Brazil berimbau Single-stringed musical bow Toque de Angola on unaccompanied berimbau 311.121.221 50px Brazil pandeiro Handheld frame drum with metal jingles (platinelas) attached, tuned through adjusting the tension of the head, can also be shaken or rasped 211.311+112.122 50px Bulgaria gaida Bagpipe with three types of chanters, one a simple reed, open at one end, another a small, conical tube with eight fingerholes, one of which is the flea-hole (a small hole made out of a tube that can raise any note a half-step), and the last is a long, no-holed drone 422.22-62 50px China guzhengzheng, gu-zheng Half-tube zither, rectangular with three sound holes on the bottom, now with twenty-one strings most typically, pentatonic tuning, strings are plucked by hand 312.22-5 50px China pipa Pear-shaped bowl lute with a neck, played by plucking 321.321-5 50px China yangqinyang ch'in, yang qin Hammered dulcimer, with a trapezoidal sounding board and traditionally bronze strings, struck with rubber-tipped bamboo hammers 314.122-4 50px Colombia cuatro Fretted stringed instrument with a hollow body and with four strings 321.322 50px Colombia tiple Four-stringed small fretted instrument with a hollow body 321.322 50px Costa Rica marimba Xylophone-like instrument with gourd resonators, two sets of overlapping keys, struck with mallets 111.222-4 50px Crete lyra Three-stringed fretted, pear-shaped instrument with a hollow body and a vaulted back, propped up on the knee 321.21 — Croatia tamburicatamburitza Lute-like stringed instrument with a long neck, picked or strummed, variable number of strings 321.321 50px Cuba tres Guitar-like instrument with a neck and three courses of two strings each 321.322 — Dagara peoples of Ghana gyil Xylophone-like calabash gourd with holes covered in spider silk, wooden frame, struck with a hammer 111.222-4 50px Ecuador rondador Set of chorded bamboo panpipes that produces two tones simultaneously, consisting of pieces of cane, placed side by side in order by size and closed at one end, played by blowing across the top of the instrument 421.112.11 50px Egypt, Ancient harp Open harp, used in widely varying forms, though originally semi-circular and with five to seven strings, number of strings increased over time, while the size decreased 322.12 — Egypt, Ancient sistrum U-shaped frame drum with small rings that make sound when shaken 112.112 50px England bell Round framed idiophone, open on one end, with a clapper inside Clock bell at the Great Court of Trinity College, Cambridge University 111.242.122 50px Etruria kithara Stringed instrument with a deep soundbox made of two tables, connected by ribs, with strings attached to a tuning bar, played with a plectrum 321.22 50px Finland kantelekannel Zither–harp, traditionally with five strings, now with up to thirty, held in the lap 314.122 50px Finland, especially Swedish-speaking Finns violin Four stringed instrument, bowed, hourglass-shape and an arched top and back chords on a violin 321.322 50px Fula tambinsereendu, fulannu Diagonal diatonic flute without a bell, made from a conical vine, with three finger-holes and a rectangular embouchere with two wings on either side 411.111.22 — Galicia gaitagaita de fole, gaita gallega Diatonic bagpipe with a conical chanter and at least one bass drone, used to accompany both spiritual and secular, as well as lyric and dance music, usually accompanied by a drum (tambour) 422.211.2-62 50px Greece, Ancient aulosauloi Highly variant double-shawm with a cylindrical bore 422.121 50px Greece, Ancient lyre Stringed instrument, strummed with a plectrum, with the free hand silencing unwanted strings, traditionally made from a tortoise shell 321.21 50px Greece, Modern bouzouki String instrument with a pear-shaped body and a long neck, played with plectrum 321.321 50px Guatemala marimba Xylophone-like instrument with gourd resonators, struck with mallets, with a two level keyboard so it can play the full chromatic scale 111.222-4 50px Hawaii ukulele String instrument derived from the Portuguese braguinha, from the Hawaiian uku lele, jumping flea, referring to the swift fingerwork the instrument requires chords on a ukulele 321.322 50px Hungary cimbalomczimbalom, cymbalom, cymbalum, ţambal, tsymbaly, tsimbl, santouri, santur Chromatic hammered dulcimer with four legs 314.122-4 50px India veenavina Semitonically fretted lute with a long, cylindrical shape, resting on two gourds 311.222 — Indonesia angklung Two bamboo tubes, closed at one end and with tongues, attached to a square frame, played by shaking from side to side, causing the tongues to vibrate 112.122 50px Iran santur Hammered dulcimer, trapezoidal-shaped with 72 strings and two sets of bridges, hit with mallets 314.122-4 — Ireland clárseachcláirsach (Scottish), cruit Polychord wire-strung harp with a fore-pillar 322.221 50px Israel kinnorDavid's harp Biblically described historic instrument, probably a cithara; in modern Hebrew, refers to the violin 321.22 50px Italy mandolin Stringed instrument Mandolin performance 321.321 50px Japan koto Long and hollow thirteen-stringed instrument 312.22-7 50px Jewish shofar Horn, flattened by heat and hollowed, used for more religious than purely secular purposes, made from the horn of an animal, most typically a ram or kudu 423.121.1 50px Kazakhstan dombra Fretted, long-necked lute with a round body, played by plucking with a plectrum 321.321-6 50px Kenya nyatiti 3-foot-long (0.91 m) harp, plucked with both hands, made of wood and goat or antelope skin 321.21-5 — Khoikhoi goura Single stringed instrument, blown rather than plucked or strummed, with the string attached to a coconut shell resonator and with a tension noose wrapped around the string to adjust the pitch 311.121.222 — Korea gayageumkayagum, kayago zither-like string instrument, with 12 strings. 312.22-5 50px Kyrgyzstan komuzkopuz Three-stringed fretless lute, made from wood with gut strings 321.321 50px Lanna pin pia Chest-resonated stick zither with two to five strings 311.221 — Laos khenekhaen Mouth organ with bamboo tubes, attached in pairs to the mouthpiece, and with fixed free reeds 412.132 50px Latvia and Latvian-Americans kokle Diatonic, lute-like string instrument 314.122 50px Lebanon darbukadebakeh Goblet-shaped hand drum 211.261.21 50px Lithuania birbyne Aerophone, can be single- or double-reed, with or without a mouthpiece 422 — Lithuania kanklės Stringed instrument 314.122 50px Lobi peoples of Ghana gyil Keyed calabash gourds with holes covered in spider silk, wooden frame 111.222-4 50px Madagascar valiha Tubular zither 312.11 50px Mandinka of West Africa balobehlanjeh Set of wooden pieces, mounted on gourds, in a frame and played using two rubber-tipped mallets, held in hands with iron cylinders and rings attached to add a jingling sound 111.212+112.111 — Maroons of Jamaica abeng Aerophone made from the end of a cow horn with the tip broken off on the side, which is blown into 423.122.2 — Mexico marimba Xylophone-like instrument with wooden square tubes resonators, struck with mallets, with a two level keyboard so it can play the full chromatic scale 111.222-4 50px Mongolia morin khuurhorse-head fiddle, igil Two-stringed instrument, held between the legs, with a trapezoidal body and a horse's head typically carved on the upper edge of the pegbox 321.322 50px Montenegro gusle Stringed instrument, round, typically with one string bound at the top of the neck with a tuning peg 321.321-71 — Myanmar saung-gauksaung, Burmese harp Arched harp with sixteen strings, attached to the harp with red cotton tassels 322.11 50px Nepal madal Double-headed cylindrical drum, slightly bulging at the waist, held horizontally and played double-handed 211.212.1 — Netherlands fiddle Four-stringed instrument, bowed 321.322 — Nicaragua marimba Xylophone-like instrument with gourd resonators 111.222-4 50px Norway HardingfeleHardanger fiddle Ornately decorated fiddle with four main strings and four resonating strings beneath them, which are not touched by the bow 321.322-71 50px Norway langeleik Rectangular zither with five or six strings, one melody string and several drone strings 314.122 50px Pakistan DafliDaf The dafli, also popularly known as daf, dappler or tambourine, is a must for weddings. Made of wooden ring with a double row of bells and a playing surface with a 10" diameter, our dafli is a perfect accompaniment to the dholki. The pleasant sound of the dafli will elevate the tempo and mood of all celebrations. Easy to play with no beforehand practice required - with these daflis anyone can add to the music played in weddings and other celebrations. ? 50px Paraguay harp, Paraguayan Diatonic harp with 32, 36, 38 or 40 strings, made from tropical wood and with songs in the Guarani language, with an exaggerated neck-arch, played with the fingernail 322.211 — Peru cajón Wooden box with a hole in one side, derived from containers used to transport agricultural products by portworkers 111.221 50px Peru charangocharanga, chillador Guitar-like instrument, most commonly with ten strings in two courses and made from an armadillo back 321.321-6 50px Philippines Rondalla rondalla tradition of ensemble playing of plucked instruments including bandurias, octavinas, laúds, guitars, and basses. 321.321 — Polynesia nose flute Flute, made from a single piece of bamboo, with three holes to blow into from the nostrils, with fingerholes 421.111.22 50px Portugal Portuguese guitar Fretted stringed instrument with a hollow body 321.322 50px Puerto Rico cuatro Fretted stringed instrument with a hollow body, derived from the Spanish tiple and other stringed instruments, made from carved wood with strings (ten, in five sets of two) of leather strips or dried animal gut 321.322 50px Rome, Ancient tibiae Double-reed shawm, played paired 422.122 — Russia accordion Accordion, bellow-driven free reed with keys or buttons to modify the air flow chords on an accordion 412.132 50px Russia balalaika Family of triangle-shaped lute-type instruments 321.32 50px Russia gusli Zither-like instrument with between eleven and thirty-six strings, tuned diatonically 314.122 50px Russia spoons Painted wooden teaspoons, used as a percussion instrument 111.141 — Ryukyus of Japan sanshin Three stringed banjo-like instrument, covered with snakeskin 321.312-6 50px Sakha khomus jaw harp, made from a reed attached to a frame, plucked 121.221 50px Sardinia launeddas Set of three single-reed pipes, all three mouth-blown simultaneously using circular breathing, with two chanters and one drone 422.221.2 50px Scotland bagpipe, highland Bagpipe with a chanter, blowpipe, two tenor drones and a bass drone 422.112.2-62+422.221.1-621 50px Serbia accordion Accordion, bellow-driven free reed with keys or buttons to modify the air flow chords on an accordion 412.132 — Serbia frula End-blown wooden flute with six fingerholes 421.211.12 — Serbia gajdaSurle Bagpipe with three types of chanters, one a simple reed, open at one end, another a small, conical tube with eight fingerholes, one of which is the flea-hole (a small hole made out of a tube that can raise any note a half-step), and the last is a long, no-holed drone 422.22-62 50px Serbia gusle Stringed instrument, round, typically with one string bound at the top of the neck with a tuning peg Serbian gusle 321.321-71 50px Slovakia fujara Endblown long bass diatonic fipple flute 421.211.12 50px Slovenia accordion Accordion, bellow-driven free reed with keys or buttons to modify the air flow chords on an accordion 412.132 50px South Africa VuvuzelaKuduzela Straight plastic natural horn 423.121.12 — Spain guitar Fretted stringed instrument, long-necked with a flat soundboard and back, and incurved sides 321.322 50px Sweden drejelire Hurdy-gurdy that uses a rosined wheel to create sound 321.322-72 50px Sweden nyckelharpa Bowed keyed fiddle 321.322-71 50px Swedish Estonia talharpa Bowed lyre with no fingerboard 321.22-71 — Switzerland alphorn Long wooden conical trumpet, bent at the end, with turned boxwood mouthpieces, traditionally used by herdsmen 423.121.12 50px Trinidad and Tobago steelpan Barrel-shaped percussion instruments, tuned chromatically, originally made from discarded 55 gallon drums 111.241.2 50px Turkey sazbağlama, kopuz Fretted lute with a long neck, pear-shaped body, and three courses of seven steel strings 321.321-6 50px Turkmenistan dutar Plucked string instrument with two strings and a long neck, strummed or plucked 321.322 — Tuva igilHorse-head fiddle Small fiddle 321.322 50px Tuva khomus Jaw harp, made from a reed attached to a frame, plucked 121.221 50px Tuva morin khuurHorse-head fiddle Large fiddle with a wooden sound box and two strings attached to tuning pegs in the neck 321.322 50px Ukraine bandura Diatonic, unfretted lute-like string instrument, traditionally carved from a single block of wood 321.321 50px Uzbekistan doira Round, flat drum with shakers made of metal inside and a horse-skin head 211.311+112.113 50px Uzbekistan karnay Long brass trumpet with a mouthpiece 423.121.12 — Venezuela cuatro Guitar-like lute with four strings, usually strummed 321.322 50px Venezuela harp, Venezuelan Diatonic harp, with an exaggerated neck arch, similar to the Paraguayan harp 322.211 50px Vietnam đàn bầu 321.22 — Wales crwth Six-stringed instrument with a flat fingerboard, fretless 321.22 50px Wales harp, tripletelyn Harp with no blades or levers, with three rows of strings, the outer two tuned in a diatonic scale and the inner one tuned to the extra semitones of the chromatic scale 322.212.1 50px Yugoslavia gusle Stringed instrument, round, typically with one string bound at the top of the neck with a tuning peg Serbian gusle 321.321-71 50px Zimbabwe mbirathumb piano Plucked lamellophone, consisting of staggered keys attached to a board, with a halved calabash gourd as resonator 122.12 50px
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- Stringed instrument
- 12.0
- 40.0
- 72.0
- Pear-shaped fretless stringed instrument, with five courses of two strings and a single eleventh string, a bent back and a bowl-shaped body, often with up to three soundholes, played with a pick
- Single stringed instrument, blown rather than plucked or strummed, with the string attached to a coconut shell resonator and with a tension noose wrapped around the string to adjust the pitch
- Small stringed instrument, with plucked metal strings, elongated belly as soundboard and narrow neck ending in a pegbox, decorated with carvings of animals and covered with skin
- rondalla tradition of ensemble playing of plucked instruments including bandurias, octavinas, laúds, guitars, and basses.
- Seven-stringed lute, fretless, long-necked and double-waisted with rosette-shaped sound hole
- Highly variant double-shawm with a cylindrical bore
- Semitonically fretted lute with a long, cylindrical shape, resting on two gourds
- Four stringed instrument, bowed, hourglass-shape and an arched top and back
- Half-tube zither, rectangular with three sound holes on the bottom, now with twenty-one strings most typically, pentatonic tuning, strings are plucked by hand
- Mouth organ with bamboo tubes, attached in pairs to the mouthpiece, and with fixed free reeds
- Plucked lamellophone, consisting of staggered keys attached to a board, with a halved calabash gourd as resonator
- Zither–harp, traditionally with five strings, now with up to thirty, held in the lap
- Fretted seven-stringed instrument with a soundboard and a hollow body, originally with steel strings, but now more commonly with nylon
- Set of three single-reed pipes, all three mouth-blown simultaneously using circular breathing, with two chanters and one drone
- Double-headed cylindrical drum, slightly bulging at the waist, held horizontally and played double-handed
- Aerophone made from the end of a cow horn with the tip broken off on the side, which is blown into
- Handheld frame drum with metal jingles attached, tuned through adjusting the tension of the head, can also be shaken or rasped
- Double-reed pipe with wide reeds made from pieces of cane in a duckbill-type assembly, generally diatonic and with a single octave range
- Wooden box with a hole in one side, derived from containers used to transport agricultural products by portworkers
- String instrument derived from the Portuguese braguinha, from the Hawaiian uku lele, jumping flea, referring to the swift fingerwork the instrument requires
- Bowl lyre made of lizardskin with strings tied to a piece of wood inserted into two holes on two arms
- Accordion, bellow-driven free reed with keys or buttons to modify the air flow
- Six-stringed instrument with a flat fingerboard, fretless
- Fretted, hollow-bodied bowl lute, usually with four or five doubled strings, with as many as eleven tunings, traditionally made from an armadillo shell
- Four or five stringed instrument, plucked with a bare thumb and a forefinger covered by a metal thimble, traditionally with four or five strings,
- Chest-resonated stick zither with two to five strings
- Bowed keyed fiddle
- Bowed lyre with no fingerboard
- Chromatic hammered dulcimer with four legs
- Diatonic, lute-like string instrument
- Double-reed shawm, played paired
- Fretted stringed instrument with a hollow body, derived from the Spanish tiple and other stringed instruments, made from carved wood with strings of leather strips or dried animal gut
- End-blown wooden flute with six fingerholes
- Endblown long bass diatonic fipple flute
- Family of triangle-shaped lute-type instruments
- Four-stringed instrument, bowed
- Fretted stringed instrument with a hollow body
- Goblet-shaped hand drum
- Long and hollow thirteen-stringed instrument
- Long brass trumpet with a mouthpiece
- Long open endblown flute with five fingerholes
- Ornately decorated fiddle with four main strings and four resonating strings beneath them, which are not touched by the bow
- Polychord wire-strung harp with a fore-pillar
- Fretted stringed instrument with a hollow body and with four strings
- Single-stringed musical bow
- Small fiddle
- Straight plastic natural horn
- Set of wooden pieces, mounted on gourds, in a frame and played using two rubber-tipped mallets, held in hands with iron cylinders and rings attached to add a jingling sound
- Tubular zither
- Button accordion with a box shape, played with both hands using buttons that produce two sets of notes per hand
- harp, plucked with both hands, made of wood and goat or antelope skin
- Xylophone-like instrument with gourd resonators
- The dafli, also popularly known as daf, dappler or tambourine, is a must for weddings. Made of wooden ring with a double row of bells and a playing surface with a 10" diameter, our dafli is a perfect accompaniment to the dholki. The pleasant sound of the dafli will elevate the tempo and mood of all celebrations. Easy to play with no beforehand practice required - with these daflis anyone can add to the music played in weddings and other celebrations.
- Arched harp with sixteen strings, attached to the harp with red cotton tassels
- Painted wooden teaspoons, used as a percussion instrument
- Stringed instrument with a soundbox, with strings stretched across it, originally with four melody strings and no more than fifteen accompaniment strings
- Open harp, used in widely varying forms, though originally semi-circular and with five to seven strings, number of strings increased over time, while the size decreased
- Horn, flattened by heat and hollowed, used for more religious than purely secular purposes, made from the horn of an animal, most typically a ram or kudu
- Set of cylindrical shawm-like instruments, with an air reservoir like a bagpipe
- Straight trumpet without fingerholes, traditionally made from a trunk or thick branch of a tree, sometimes with a rim of beeswax around the blowing end, requires circular breathing
- Keyed calabash gourds with holes covered in spider silk, wooden frame
- Stringed instrument, round, typically with one string bound at the top of the neck with a tuning peg
- Flute, made from a single piece of bamboo, with three holes to blow into from the nostrils, with fingerholes
- Short-necked three-stringed lute with sympathetic and drone strings, fretted and plucked with a plectrum, with a double-chambered body, the lower part of which is covered in skin, and with three main strings
- Three-stringed fretted, pear-shaped instrument with a hollow body and a vaulted back, propped up on the knee
- Guitar-like instrument, most commonly with ten strings in two courses and made from an armadillo back
- Zither-like instrument with between eleven and thirty-six strings, tuned diatonically
- Fretted, long-necked lute with a round body, played by plucking with a plectrum
- Xylophone-like instrument with gourd resonators, struck with mallets, with a two level keyboard so it can play the full chromatic scale
- Fretted lute with a long neck, pear-shaped body, and three courses of seven steel strings
- Stringed instrument, blown rather than plucked or strummed, with a single string and tuning noose attached both to a bow and a feather quill, with a frame made from a coconut shell
- Two bamboo tubes, closed at one end and with tongues, attached to a square frame, played by shaking from side to side, causing the tongues to vibrate
- Diatonic, unfretted lute-like string instrument, traditionally carved from a single block of wood
- Harp with no blades or levers, with three rows of strings, the outer two tuned in a diatonic scale and the inner one tuned to the extra semitones of the chromatic scale
- Set of chorded bamboo panpipes that produces two tones simultaneously, consisting of pieces of cane, placed side by side in order by size and closed at one end, played by blowing across the top of the instrument
- Stringed instrument, strummed with a plectrum, with the free hand silencing unwanted strings, traditionally made from a tortoise shell
- Bagpipe with three types of chanters, one a simple reed, open at one end, another a small, conical tube with eight fingerholes, one of which is the flea-hole , and the last is a long, no-holed drone
- Pear-shaped bowl lute with a neck, played by plucking
- Xylophone-like instrument with gourd resonators, two sets of overlapping keys, struck with mallets
- Bowed string instrument with a long neck, similar to a fiddle or sarangi and played vertically
- Diatonic bagpipe with a conical chanter and at least one bass drone, used to accompany both spiritual and secular, as well as lyric and dance music, usually accompanied by a drum
- Aerophone, can be single- or double-reed, with or without a mouthpiece
- Barrel-shaped percussion instruments, tuned chromatically, originally made from discarded 55 gallon drums
- Biblically described historic instrument, probably a cithara; in modern Hebrew, refers to the violin
- Round framed idiophone, open on one end, with a clapper inside
- Guitar-like lute with four strings, usually strummed
- Diagonal diatonic flute without a bell, made from a conical vine, with three finger-holes and a rectangular embouchere with two wings on either side
- Four-stringed small fretted instrument with a hollow body
- Stringed instrument with a deep soundbox made of two tables, connected by ribs, with strings attached to a tuning bar, played with a plectrum
- Large fiddle with a wooden sound box and two strings attached to tuning pegs in the neck
- U-shaped frame drum with small rings that make sound when shaken
- Guitar-like instrument with a neck and three courses of two strings each
- Plucked string instrument with two strings and a long neck, strummed or plucked
- Jaw harp, made from a reed attached to a frame, plucked
- Two-stringed instrument, held between the legs, with a trapezoidal body and a horse's head typically carved on the upper edge of the pegbox
- Xylophone-like calabash gourd with holes covered in spider silk, wooden frame, struck with a hammer
- Long wooden conical trumpet, bent at the end, with turned boxwood mouthpieces, traditionally used by herdsmen
- Hammered dulcimer, with a trapezoidal sounding board and traditionally bronze strings, struck with rubber-tipped bamboo hammers
- Rectangular zither with five or six strings, one melody string and several drone strings
- Xylophone-like instrument with wooden square tubes resonators, struck with mallets, with a two level keyboard so it can play the full chromatic scale
- Bagpipe with a chanter, blowpipe, two tenor drones and a bass drone
- Hurdy-gurdy that uses a rosined wheel to create sound
- Three stringed banjo-like instrument, covered with snakeskin
- String instrument with a pear-shaped body and a long neck, played with plectrum
- Fretted stringed instrument with a hollow body and a soundboard
- Lute-like stringed instrument with a long neck, picked or strummed, variable number of strings
- jaw harp, made from a reed attached to a frame, plucked
- Diatonic harp, with an exaggerated neck arch, similar to the Paraguayan harp
- Round, flat drum with shakers made of metal inside and a horse-skin head
- Three-stringed fretless lute, made from wood with gut strings
- Fretted stringed instrument, long-necked with a flat soundboard and back, and incurved sides
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