| dbpprop:abstract
| - The Ligurian language was spoken in pre-Roman times and into the Roman era by an ancient people of north-western Italy and south-eastern France known as the Ligures. Very little is known about this language (mainly place names and personal names remain) which is generally believed to have been Indo-European; it appears to have shared many features with other Indo-European languages, primarily Celtic and Italic . Xavier Delamarre argues that Ligurian was a Celtic language, similar to but not the same as Gaulish. His argument hinges on two points: firstly, the Ligurian place-name Genua is claimed by Delamarre to derive from PIE *genu-, "chin". Many Indo-European languages use 'mouth' to mean the part of a river which meets the sea or a lake, but it is only in Celtic that reflexes of PIE *genu- mean 'mouth'. Besides Genua, which is considered Ligurian, this is found also in Genava, which may be Gaulish. However, Genua and Genava may well derive from another PIE root with the form *genu-, which means "knee" . Delamarre's second point is Plutarch's mention that during the Battle of Aquae Sextiae in 102 BC, the Ambrones began to shout "Ambrones!" as their battle-cry; the Ligurian troops fighting for the Romans, on hearing this cry, found that it was identical to an ancient name in their country which the Ligurians often used when speaking of their descent, so they returned the shout, "Ambrones!". Delamarre points out a risk of circular logic - if it is believed that the Ligurians are non-Celtic, and if many place names and tribal names that classical authors state are Ligurian seem to be Celtic, it is incorrect to discard all the Celtic ones when collecting Ligurian words and to use this edited corpus to demonstrate that Ligurian is non-Celtic or non-Indo-European. Strabo on the other hand states "As for the Alps... Many tribes occupy these mountains, all Celtic except the Ligurians; but while these Ligurians belong to a different people, still they are similar to the Celts in their modes of life ."The Ligurian-Celtic question is also discussed by Barruol . Herodotus (5.9) wrote that sigunnai meant 'hucksters, peddlers' among the Ligurians who lived above Massilia. (en)
- El idioma ligur es el término que se aplica a las lengua o lenguas habladas por los antiguos ligures en el sur de Francia y parte occidental del norte de Italia. Aunque el análisis de ciertos nombres sugiere que la lengua hablada por estos pueblos era una lengua similar a las lenguas celtas, anteriormente podrían haber hablado una lengua no-indoeuropea. (es)
- Ligurisch ist eine ausgestorbene Sprache aus dem Mittelmeerraum. Sie gehörte wahrscheinlich zur indogermanischen Sprachfamilie. Sie wurde vom alteuropäischen Volksstamm der Ligurer gesprochen, bevor sie durch keltische und italische Idiome vollständig assimiliert wurde. Davon zeugt das ausgestorbene Lepontisch in Oberitalien, das sogar als ältester nachweisbarer keltischer Dialekt gilt. Ligurisch ist nur noch in Substraten lebendig und ist in Orts-, Gewässer- und Personennamen fassbar. Sie darf nicht mit der romanischen ligurischen Sprache verwechselt werden, die heute in Ligurien gesprochen wird. (de)
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