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- The Liangzhu culture was the last Neolithic jade culture in the Yangtze River Delta of China. Its area of influence extended from around Lake Tai north to Nanjing and the Chang Jiang, east to Shanghai and the sea, and south to Hangzhou. The culture was highly stratified, as jade, silk, ivory and lacquer artifacts were found exclusively in elite burials, while pottery was more commonly found in the burial plots of poorer individuals. The type site at Liangzhu was discovered in Yuhang County, Zhejiang and initially excavated by Shi Xingeng in 1936. The culture possessed advanced agriculture, included irrigation, paddy rice cultivation and aquaculture. Houses were often constructed with stilts on rivers or shorelines. The jade from this culture is characterized by finely worked large ritual jades, commonly incised with the taotie motif. The most exemplary artefacts from the culture were its cong (cylinders). The largest cong discovered weighed 3.5 kg. Bi (discs) and Yue axes (ceremonial axes) were also found. Jade pendants were also found, designed with engraved representations of small birds, turtles and fish. Many Liangzhu jade artefacts had a white milky bone-like aspect due to its tremolite rock origin and influence of water-based fluids at the burial sites, although jade made from actinolite and serpentine were also commonly found. A neolithic altar from the Liangzhu culture, excavated at Yaoshan in Zhejiang, demonstrate that religious structures were elaborate and made of carefully positioned piles of stones and rock walls, indicating that religion was of considerable importance. The altar has three levels, the highest being a platform of rammed earth. Three additional platforms were paved with cobblestones. There are the remains of a stone wall. On the altar are twelve graves in two rows. A new discovery of ancient city wall base relics was announced by the Zhejiang provincial government on November 29, 2007. All the relics previously identified were parts of city construction. It was concluded the site was the ancient capital of the Liangzhu Kingdom, whose influence spread as far as modern-day Jiangsu, Shanghai, and Shandong Provinces. A new Liangzhu Culture Museum was completed in 2008 and opened late in the year. It is 17.5 kilometers north-west of the north-east corner of West Lake in Hangzhou.
- Unter Liangzhu-Kultur versteht man eine Sammelbezeichnung für Grabfunde einer chinesischen Kultur des späten Neolithikums an der Südostküste Chinas. In den 1970ern und 1980ern entdeckten Archäologen im Gebiet des Tai-See im unteren Jangtse-Tal in China spätneolithische Gräber. Sie stammen aus der Zeit zwischen 3.400 und 2.000 v. Chr. Man fand in diesen Gräbern mehr als 5.000 Jadestücke, darunter perforierte Scheiben und Röhren. Diese sollen rituelle Objekte gewesen sein, die der König verlieh. Ihre Verwendung hing mit der Verehrung von Himmel und Erde zusammen. Die meisten der Jadesteine bestehen aus Nephrit. Auf Ihnen sind Kreaturen abgebildet, die, da man davon ausgeht, dass der Gebrauch von Metall noch fremd war, aller Wahrscheinlichkeit nach mit Haifischzähnen eingeritzt wurden. Die Ausgrabungen zeigen die große Bedeutung, die Jade zu jener Zeit in dieser Region hatte. Aus dem Text Zhouli (Die Riten der Zhou), welcher in etwa zwischen 400 und 300 v. Chr. entstanden ist, ist zu entnehmen, dass diese Jadeobjekte auch während der Zhou-Dynastie (1.000 - 221 v. Chr. ) noch Verwendung fanden. Bedeutende Stätten der Liangzhu-Kultur sind die Stätten Fanshan, Yaoshan, Yuhang, Sidun, Mojiaoshan und Huiguanshan.
- 良渚文化（りょうしょぶんか）は、長江文明における一文化。紀元前3500年ころから紀元前2200年ころにみられた。 1936年、浙江省の杭州市良渚で発掘された。崧沢文化などを継承しており、黄河文明の山東竜山文化との関連も指摘されている。柱形・錐形・三叉形など多様な玉器の他、絹なども出土している。分業や階層化が進んでいたことが、殉死者を伴う墓などからうかがえる。 近年、長江文明研究の進展により、良渚文化は夏や殷王朝に比定されている。 また、黄帝の三苗征服伝説を、黄河流域の中原に依拠した父系集団の龍山文化による三苗（ミャオ族)征服の痕跡とみなし、黄河文明と長江文明の勢力争いを描いたものとする見方もある。徐朝龍によれば、良渚文化は稲作都市文明を形成していた。1000年ほどの繁栄を経て、洪水でこの文化は崩壊する。良渚文化集団の一部は北上し、黄河中流域で夏王朝を興した。やがて夏王朝は支配下にあった東夷后翠（こうげい）部族に倒される。夏王朝の遺族の一部は北西に逃れ（下記匈奴参照）、のち四川盆地に移住し、三星堆文化を築いたとする。
- Liangzhukulturen fra 3400 f. Kr. til 2250 f. Kr. var den siste neolittiske jadekultur i Yangtzeflodens delta i Kina. Kulturens innflytelsessfære strakk seg fra rundt Taisjøen nordover til Nanjing og langs Chang Jiang, østover til Shanghai og havet, og sør til dagens Hangzhou. Kulturen hadde en svært lagdelt struktur, der gjenstander av jade, silke, elfenben og lakk utelukkende er å finne i elitens graver, mens keramikk ble lagt i de fattiges graver. Kulturen har navn fra funnstedet Liangzhu i fylket Yuhang i provinsen Zhejiang, som ble utgravd første gang av Shi Xingeng i 1936. Kulturen hadde et avansert jordbruk, med irrigasjon, rismarker i kunstig anlagte overflommingsfelter, og akvakultur. Husene stod ofte på stylter i elver eller langs elvebreddene. Jaden fra denne kulturen er karakterisert av nøye utarbeidede store rituelle jader, ofte med innrisset taotiemotiv. Mest typiske for denne kulturen er dens cong-sylindere. Den største cong funnet veiet 3,5 kg. Bi (runde plater) og Yueøkser (seremonielle økser) er også blant funnene. Jadependanter fra kulturen kar avbildninger av småfulgler, duer og fisker. Mange jadegjenstander fra Liangzhoukulturen hadde et melkehvitt beinaktig aspekt på grunn av steintypen tremolitt og påvirkningen av vannbaserte væsker i gravfeltene, selv om man også har funnet jader laget av actinolitt eller serpentin. Et neolittisk alter fra Liangzhukulturen, utgravd i Yaoshan i Zhejiang, viser at de religiøse strukturer var svært forseggjorte. Et nytt funn av rester av gamle bymurer ble kunngjort av Zhejiangs provinsregjeringg den 27. november 2007. Det ble konkludert at funnstedet må ha vært Liangzhourikets hovedstad. Dette riket strakk seg på det merste helt nord til Shandong. Et nytt Liangzhu kulturmuseum ble ferdig og åpnet i 2008. Stedet er 17,5 kilometers nordvest for det nordøstlige hjørne av Vestsjøen i Hangzhou. I tillegg til de ovennevnte er andre særlig betydningsfulle funnsteder for denne kulturen i Fanshan, Sidun, Mojiaoshan og Huiguanshan.
- 良渚文化為中國新石器文化之一，分布地點在長江下游的太湖地區，其中心在浙江省杭州市良渚遗址。1936年發現的該文化遺址，於1959年依照考古慣例按發現地點：良渚命名，是為良渚文化。良渚文化同马家浜文化、马桥文化一样，其考古地点分布于太湖周围地区。 良渚文化存續之間約為距今5300年至4200年前，屬於新石器時代。該文化遺址最大特色是所出土的玉器。挖掘自墓葬中的玉器包含有璧、琮、鉞、璜、冠形器、三叉形玉器、玉鐲、玉管、玉珠、玉墜、柱形玉器、錐形玉器、玉帶及環等。另外，陶器也相當細緻。 2007年11月29日，杭州市政府与浙江省文物局在良渚遗址管委会联合召开良渚古城遗址考古发现新闻发布会，正式发布了良渚古城遗址发现的重大消息。良渚古城遗址总面积约290多万平方米，面積和北京頤和園相當，是目前所发现的中国同时期规模最大、建筑水平最高的古城遗址，堪称「中华第一城」。
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- The Liangzhu culture was the last Neolithic jade culture in the Yangtze River Delta of China. Its area of influence extended from around Lake Tai north to Nanjing and the Chang Jiang, east to Shanghai and the sea, and south to Hangzhou. The culture was highly stratified, as jade, silk, ivory and lacquer artifacts were found exclusively in elite burials, while pottery was more commonly found in the burial plots of poorer individuals.
- Unter Liangzhu-Kultur versteht man eine Sammelbezeichnung für Grabfunde einer chinesischen Kultur des späten Neolithikums an der Südostküste Chinas. In den 1970ern und 1980ern entdeckten Archäologen im Gebiet des Tai-See im unteren Jangtse-Tal in China spätneolithische Gräber. Sie stammen aus der Zeit zwischen 3.400 und 2.000 v. Chr. Man fand in diesen Gräbern mehr als 5.000 Jadestücke, darunter perforierte Scheiben und Röhren.
- Liangzhukulturen fra 3400 f. Kr. til 2250 f. Kr. var den siste neolittiske jadekultur i Yangtzeflodens delta i Kina. Kulturens innflytelsessfære strakk seg fra rundt Taisjøen nordover til Nanjing og langs Chang Jiang, østover til Shanghai og havet, og sør til dagens Hangzhou. Kulturen hadde en svært lagdelt struktur, der gjenstander av jade, silke, elfenben og lakk utelukkende er å finne i elitens graver, mens keramikk ble lagt i de fattiges graver.
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