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- Die Lessepssche Migration ist der Austausch von Lebewesen zwischen dem Mittelmeer und dem Roten Meer, nachdem mit dem Bau des Sueskanals (Eröffnung 1869) unter der Leitung von Ferdinand de Lesseps eine Verbindung geschaffen wurde. Es handelt sich somit um einen invasionsbiologischen Vorgang; die allochthonen Arten werden in ihrem neuen Verbreitungsgebiet als Neobiota betrachtet. Durch den Bau des Sueskanals wurden zwei Faunengebiete miteinander verbunden. Dies führte zur Migration einer Vielzahl von Arten vom Roten Meer ins Mittelmeer; in umgekehrter Richtung war die Wanderung wesentlich geringer. Am besten lässt sich die Migration bei Fischen beobachten, aber auch andere, unauffälligere Organismen breiteten sich durch den Kanal aus. Dass vor allem die Fauna des östlichen Mittelmeeres verändert wurde, liegt daran, dass es in seinen klimatischen Bedingungen und seinem Nahrungsangebot in vielerlei Hinsicht eher einem tropischen nährstoffarmen Meer (wie dem Roten Meer) gleicht, aber vor dem Kanalbau fast ausschließlich vom kälteren Atlantik her besiedelt worden ist. In den verschiedenen Vergletscherungsphasen der letzten Eiszeit sank der Meeresspiegel weltweit mehrmals um bis zu 200 Meter ab. Das Mittelmeer war während dieser Phasen vom Atlantik abgeschnitten und schrumpfte stark. Dabei starben viele Arten aus. Eine Wiederbesiedelung in den zwischenzeitlichen Warmphasen der Eiszeit war nur vom Atlantik aus möglich, dessen Lebewelt aber nicht so gut an die ökologischen Bedingungen des Mittelmeeres angepasst war. Auch das Rote Meer schrumpfte mehrmals stark, wurde aber von den deutlich besser an den dortigen Umweltbedingungen angepassten Arten aus dem Indischen Ozean wiederbesiedelt. Dies erklärt auch, dass das östliche Mittelmeer nur etwa 550 Fischarten aufweist, gegenüber etwa 800 im Roten Meer. Vor Beginn des Kanalbaus hat es keine genaue Bestandsaufnahme der Organismen beider Meere gegeben. Man vermutet, dass etwa 500 Arten in das Mittelmeer einwanderten und etwa 50 Arten in das Rote Meer. Zu den Arten, die ins Mittelmeer gelangten, gehört beispielsweise die Schmuck-Languste, die heute auch vor der Küste Israels kommerziell gefangen wird, und die Meerbarbe (Upeneus vittatus), genannt Sultan Ibrahim, die für die Fischer Syriens von wirtschaftlicher Bedeutung ist. Die achtjährige Sperrung nach dem Sechstagekrieg 1967, in der der Kanal ruhig und klar war, löste einen deutlichen weiteren Migrationsschub aus. Da die Ausbreitung im Mittelmeer fast nur entlang der Küste stattfindet, verbreiteten sich die Neobiota ursprünglich hauptsächlich nach Osten und Norden, denn der Weg nach Westen war durch die Brackwasserzone vor dem Nildelta versperrt. Dies änderte sich mit dem Bau des Assuan-Staudamms, der die Ausdehnung der Brackwasserzone erheblich reduzierte.
- Lessepsian migration (also called Erythrean invasion) is the ongoing migration of marine species across the Suez Canal, usually from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea, more rarely in the opposite direction. It is named after Ferdinand de Lesseps, the engineer in charge of the canal's construction. On a wider context, the term "Lessepsian migration" is used to describe any animal migration over man-made structures, i.e. that which would not have occurred had it not been for the presence of an artificial structure. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 created the first salt-water passage between the Mediterranean and Red seas. The Red Sea is higher than the Eastern Mediterranean, so the canal serves as a tidal strait that pours Red Sea water into the Mediterranean. The Bitter Lakes, which are hypersaline natural lakes that form part of the canal, blocked the migration of Red Sea species into the Mediterranean for many decades, but as the salinity of the lakes gradually equalized with that of the Red Sea, the barrier to migration was removed, and plants and animals from the Red Sea have begun to colonize the eastern Mediterranean. The Red Sea is generally saltier and more nutrient-poor than the Atlantic, so the Red Sea species have advantages over Atlantic species in the less salty and nutrient-rich Eastern Mediterranean. Accordingly, most invasions are of Red Sea species into the Mediterranean, and only few in the opposite way. The construction of the Aswan High Dam across the Nile River in the 1960s reduced the inflow of freshwater and nutrient-rich silt from the Nile into the eastern Mediterranean, making conditions in the eastern Mediterranean even more like the Red Sea, thus increasing the impact of the invasions and facilitating the occurrence of new ones. Invasive species originated from the Red Sea and introduced into the Mediterranean by the construction of the canal have become a major component of the Mediterranean ecosystem, and have serious impacts on the Mediterranean ecology, endangering many local and endemic Mediterranean species. To this day, about 300 species native to the Red Sea have been identified in the Mediterranean Sea, and there are probably others yet unidentified. In recent years, the Egyptian government's announcement of its intentions to deepen and widen the canal have raised concerns from marine biologists, fearing that this will worsen the invasion of Red Sea species into the Mediterranean, facilitating the crossing of the canal for additional species.
- La migración lessepsiana es el nombre por el que se conoce la entrada a través del canal de Suez de especies marinas procedentes del Mar Rojo que prosperan en el Mediterráneo oriental. Esta denominación procede de Ferdinand de Lesseps el ingeniero que diseñó y construyó el Canal de Suez, la obra de ingeniería civil que puso en contacto por vez primera en los últimos 12 millones de años los ecosistemas marinos del Mar Rojo y del Mediterráneo, posibilitando la migración de especies propias del mar Rojo al Mediterráneo (migraciones lessepsianas), y menos frecuentemente del Mediterráneo al Rojo. Ejemplo de migración lessepsiana es la presencia de peces trompeta en Túnez y Sicilia, y de peces león en Chipre, ambas especies típicas del mar Rojo. La introducción del alga Caulerpa racemosa en el Mediterraneo en la década de 1930 es otro caso de migración lessepsiana. Su expansión inicial quedó limitada a las costas de Egipto, Turquía y Túnez. sin embargo, a partir de 1991 la colonización de C. racemosa hacia occidente ha sido continuada: Grecia, Croacia, Italia, Francia, España. Por el contrario, un caso de migración antilessepsiana es la de la estrella de mar mediterránea Sphaerodiscus placenta ha sido observada en el lagoon de El Bilaiyim, situado a unos 180 km al sur de la entrada del canal de Suez en el mar Rojo.
- La migrazione lessepsiana è l'ingresso e la stabilizzazione di specie animali e vegetali dal Mar Rosso nelle acque del Mar Mediterraneo attraverso il Canale di Suez. Il nome deriva da quello di Ferdinand de Lesseps, progettista del canale che unisce i mari Rosso e Mediterraneo.
- Migração Lessepsiana é a migração de espécies marinhas através do Canal do Suez que se efectua normalmente do Mar Vermelho para o Mar Mediterrâneo ou, mais raramente, na direcção oposta. O seu nome tem origem no engenheiro encarregue da construcção do canal Ferdinand de Lesseps. Num contexto mais amplo o termo é usado para designar qualquer migração animal tornada possível através de construcções humanas, impossíveis sem a presença destas. A criação do Canal do Suez, em 1869, criou a primeira passagem entre as águas salgadas dos mares Mediterrâneo e Vermelho. Como o Mar Vermelho é mais alto que o mediterrâneo vaza àgua neste. Os Lagos Amargos, lagos hipersalinos que fazem parte do canal, bloquearam as migrações das espécies do Mar Vermelho por várias décadas, mas à medida que a salinidade dos lagos se ia igualizando à do Mar Vermelho, a barreira desapareceu e as espécies marinhas do Mar Vermelho puderam colonizar o Mar Mediterrâneo. O Mar Vermelho é mais salgado e tem menos nutrientes por isso estas espécies tiveram vantagem sobre aquelas do Mar Mediterrâneo. As espécies invasoras tornaram-se um componente do ecossistema do Mar Mediterrâneo, pondo em perigo as espécies endémicas. Até este dia mais de 300 espécies nativas do Mar Vermelho foram observadas no Mar Mediterrâneo, e há provavelmente muitas mais que ainda não o foram. Nos últimos anos as intenções anunciadas pelo governo Egípcio de aprofundar e alargar o canal pôs em alerta biólogos marinhos, que temem que isso só vá pior a situação.
- Lessepsian migration (also called Erythrean invasion) is the ongoing migration of marine species across the Suez Canal, usually from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea, more rarely in the opposite direction. It is named after Ferdinand de Lesseps, the French engineer in charge of the canal's construction. On a wider context, the term "Lessepsian migration" is used to describe any animal migration over man-made structures, i.e. that which would not have occurred had it not been for the presence of an artificial structure. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 created the first salt-water passage between the Mediterranean and Red seas. The Red Sea is higher than the Eastern Mediterranean, so the canal serves as a tidal strait that pours Red Sea water into the Mediterranean. The Bitter Lakes, which are hypersaline natural lakes that form part of the canal, blocked the migration of Red Sea species into the Mediterranean for many decades, but as the salinity of the lakes gradually equalized with that of the Red Sea, the barrier to migration was removed, and plants and animals from the Red Sea have begun to colonize the eastern Mediterranean. The Red Sea is generally saltier and more nutrient-poor than the Atlantic, so the Red Sea species have advantages over Atlantic species in the less salty and nutrient-rich Eastern Mediterranean. Accordingly, most invasions are of Red Sea species into the Mediterranean, and only few in the opposite way. The construction of the Aswan High Dam across the Nile River in the 1960s reduced the inflow of freshwater and nutrient-rich silt from the Nile into the eastern Mediterranean, making conditions in the eastern Mediterranean even more like the Red Sea, thus increasing the impact of the invasions and facilitating the occurrence of new ones. Invasive species originated from the Red Sea and introduced into the Mediterranean by the construction of the canal have become a major component of the Mediterranean ecosystem, and have serious impacts on the Mediterranean ecology, endangering many local and endemic Mediterranean species. To this day, about 300 species native to the Red Sea have been identified in the Mediterranean Sea, and there are probably others yet unidentified. In recent years, the Egyptian government's announcement of its intentions to deepen and widen the canal have raised concerns from marine biologists, fearing that this will worsen the invasion of Red Sea species into the Mediterranean, facilitating the crossing of the canal for additional species.
- Lessepsian migration (also called Erythrean invasion) is the ongoing migration of marine species across the Suez Canal, usually from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea, more rarely in the opposite direction. It is named after Ferdinand de Lesseps, the French engineer in charge of the canal's construction. In a wider context, the term "Lessepsian migration" is used to describe any animal migration over man-made structures, i.e. that which would not have occurred had it not been for the presence of an artificial structure. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 created the first salt-water passage between the Mediterranean and Red seas. The Red Sea is slightly higher than the Eastern Mediterranean, so the canal serves as a tidal strait that pours Red Sea water into the Mediterranean. The Bitter Lakes, which are hypersaline natural lakes that form part of the canal, blocked the migration of Red Sea species into the Mediterranean for many decades, but as the salinity of the lakes gradually equalized with that of the Red Sea, the barrier to migration was removed, and plants and animals from the Red Sea have begun to colonize the eastern Mediterranean. The Red Sea is generally saltier and more nutrient-poor than the Atlantic, so the Red Sea species have advantages over Atlantic species in the less salty and nutrient-rich Eastern Mediterranean. Accordingly, most invasions are of Red Sea species into the Mediterranean, and only few in the opposite way. The construction of the Aswan High Dam across the Nile River in the 1960s reduced the inflow of freshwater and nutrient-rich silt from the Nile into the eastern Mediterranean, making conditions in the eastern Mediterranean even more like the Red Sea, thus increasing the impact of the invasions and facilitating the occurrence of new ones. Invasive species originated from the Red Sea and introduced into the Mediterranean by the construction of the canal have become a major component of the Mediterranean ecosystem, and have serious impacts on the Mediterranean ecology, endangering many local and endemic Mediterranean species. To this day, about 300 species native to the Red Sea have been identified in the Mediterranean Sea, and there are probably others yet unidentified. In recent years, the Egyptian government's announcement of its intentions to deepen and widen the canal have raised concerns from marine biologists, fearing that this will worsen the invasion of Red Sea species into the Mediterranean, facilitating the crossing of the canal for additional species.
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- Die Lessepssche Migration ist der Austausch von Lebewesen zwischen dem Mittelmeer und dem Roten Meer, nachdem mit dem Bau des Sueskanals (Eröffnung 1869) unter der Leitung von Ferdinand de Lesseps eine Verbindung geschaffen wurde. Es handelt sich somit um einen invasionsbiologischen Vorgang; die allochthonen Arten werden in ihrem neuen Verbreitungsgebiet als Neobiota betrachtet. Durch den Bau des Sueskanals wurden zwei Faunengebiete miteinander verbunden.
- Lessepsian migration (also called Erythrean invasion) is the ongoing migration of marine species across the Suez Canal, usually from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea, more rarely in the opposite direction. It is named after Ferdinand de Lesseps, the engineer in charge of the canal's construction. On a wider context, the term "Lessepsian migration" is used to describe any animal migration over man-made structures, i.e.
- La migración lessepsiana es el nombre por el que se conoce la entrada a través del canal de Suez de especies marinas procedentes del Mar Rojo que prosperan en el Mediterráneo oriental.
- La migrazione lessepsiana è l'ingresso e la stabilizzazione di specie animali e vegetali dal Mar Rosso nelle acque del Mar Mediterraneo attraverso il Canale di Suez. Il nome deriva da quello di Ferdinand de Lesseps, progettista del canale che unisce i mari Rosso e Mediterraneo.
- Migração Lessepsiana é a migração de espécies marinhas através do Canal do Suez que se efectua normalmente do Mar Vermelho para o Mar Mediterrâneo ou, mais raramente, na direcção oposta. O seu nome tem origem no engenheiro encarregue da construcção do canal Ferdinand de Lesseps. Num contexto mais amplo o termo é usado para designar qualquer migração animal tornada possível através de construcções humanas, impossíveis sem a presença destas.
- Lessepsian migration (also called Erythrean invasion) is the ongoing migration of marine species across the Suez Canal, usually from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea, more rarely in the opposite direction. It is named after Ferdinand de Lesseps, the French engineer in charge of the canal's construction. On a wider context, the term "Lessepsian migration" is used to describe any animal migration over man-made structures, i.e.
- Lessepsian migration (also called Erythrean invasion) is the ongoing migration of marine species across the Suez Canal, usually from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea, more rarely in the opposite direction. It is named after Ferdinand de Lesseps, the French engineer in charge of the canal's construction. In a wider context, the term "Lessepsian migration" is used to describe any animal migration over man-made structures, i.e.
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