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- Lazăr Edeleanu was a Romanian chemist of Jewish origin. He was the first chemist to synthesize amphetamine at the University of Berlin and the inventor of the modern method of refining crude oil. Edeleanu showed an early aptitude for science and was sent at the age of 12 to study in Bucharest. He studied at St. Sava College, receiving his baccalaureate in 1882. After graduating, he studied chemistry at the Berlin University with A.W. Hofmann, C.F. Rammelsberg and H.L. Helmholtz. In 1887, he received the title of Doctor in Chemistry with the thesis "On the derivatives of fatty fenil-metacrilic and fenil-izobutiric acids", in which he discovered fenil-izopropilamine, known in medicine as amphetamine, with its important action as a nervous system stimulant. After receiving his doctorate, Edeleanu worked for a time in London as a lecturer at the Royal College of Artillery. During this period he worked with C.F. Cross and E.J. Bevan to create a type of artificial fireproof silk and with R. Meldola to create oxazine-based dye. Back in Romania, he won the appreciation of the great chemist Constantin I. Istrati, who keep him as an assistant and then as a lecturer in the Organic Chemistry Department of the Faculty of Sciences in Bucharest. In 1906, he was appointed Head of Laboratory of Chemistry of the Geologic Institute (founded in that year) and director of the Vega Refinery. In 1907, he became part of the organizing committee of the Congress of Petroleum in Bucharest and published together with Ion Tănăsescu an important monograph on Romanian oil's physical and technical properties. 1908 was the year of his most significant invention - the Edeleanu Process, consisting of refining the petroleum with liquid sulfur dioxide as a selective solvent, which provides selective extraction of aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, xylene, etc.). The procedure was first applied experimentally in Romania at the Vega refinery, in France, Germany and subsequently throughout the world. By 1960, there were 80 Edeleanu facilities worldwide. The Edeleanu Method is still used today, in its many variations, and remains the basic process for manufacturing high quality oils. Edeleanu obtained 212 patents for inventions in Romania, USA, Germany, France, Austria, Sweden, and Holland. He was a member of the Society of Natural Sciences in Moscow (1910), an honorary member of the Institution of Petroleum Technologists in London (1925). In 1932, was awarded the Redwod Medal for lifetime scientific achievement.
- Lazăr Edeleanu war ein rumänischer Chemiker.
- Lazăr Edeleanu a fost un chimist român/ evreu, autor al procesului de rafinare selectivă a fracţiunilor de petrol pe baza solubilităţii specifice a diverselor clase de hidrocarburi în dioxid de sulf lichid. Principalele direcţii de cercetare au fost în domeniile derivaţilor acidului fenilmetacrilic si fenilizobutiric, acizilor nesaturaţi din seria aromatică, acţiunii clorurii de sulf asupra anilinei, acţiunii cloratului asupra oxiacizilor, sintetizării fenilizopropilaminei (benzendrinei), chimiei rafinării şi chimizării petrolului.
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