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- This article is about ancient Baltic people. For modern ethnic group of Latvians see Latgalians (modern). The term 'Latgalians' (also spelt 'Latgallians' and sometimes known as 'Lettigalls', 'Latgolans', or 'Lettigallians') can refer to the inhabitants of the Latgale region in eastern Latvia in general, the ethnic Latvians of Latgale (especially those who speak the Latgalian language), or to the ancient Baltic tribe. In English, the more archaic Lettigallians usually refers to the tribe. In Latvian, latgaļi refers to the ancient tribe, latgalieši refers to the ethnic Latvians of Latgale, which developed separately from the rest of ethnic Latvia in 1621-1917, whilst, though the terms are confused in colloquial Latvian. In Latgalian, the terms latgalīši and latgali have been traditionally used as synonyms describing both the ancient and contemporary Latgalians as a part of the same continuum. The term latgalīši (in both meanings) prevailed in Latgalian literature and mass media during the first decades of the 20th century, whereas the term latgali has been consistently used (also in both meanings) in Latgalian literature and media published during the 1920s and 1930s in Latvia and from 1940 to 1988 in exile. Since the cultural revival of Latgalians in 1988, there is a tendency in Latgalian literature and media to follow Latvians in their use of both names. The ancient Letts, or "Latgalians" (i.e. inhabitants of the primal Latgale, – this ancient Central-Baltic term derives very likely from *Lætgale = "The Lettland"; compare with *Zemgale = "The lower-land"), were a Central Baltic tribe of little-known origin, which dwell in the 5th-6th centuries only in the Eastern part of present-day Vidzeme, and later on – in the nearly all territory of that region. In written sources, they are mentioned since the 11th century. In the first two decades of 13th century, the (Western) Latgalians allied with German (mainly Saxon) crusaders and their lands were incorporated into Livonia at unknown conditions. In the 13th-14th centuries, they assimilated in nowaday Latgale an unknown East-Baltic tribe, the latter this way becoming part of ethnic Latvians (it's accentuating, that the Latvian term latgalieši, in sense "Eastern Latvians", dates only to the early 20th century). Most sure source of information about the ancient (Western) Latgalians is archaeology. In the lands of the Western and the Eastern Latgalians, about 80 flat cemeteries of Western Latgalian origin have been excavated, with more than 2000 burials uncovered. The first large scale excavations took place in Ludza Odukalns Cemetery in Latgale (1890-1891), where 339 Late Iron Age burials were uncovered. In the excavations at Pildas Nukši Cemetery (in Latgale, 1947-1948), 218 burials were uncovered, dated to 9th-12th century, while at Zvirgzdenes Kivti Cemetery (in Latgale; 1948, 1955-1958) 175 burials from the 7th-12th century were excavated. 315 burials were found at Aglonas Kristapiņi Cemetery (in Latgale; 1928, 1938, 1977-1980, 1984-1987, 1999-2000), in use from the late 8th to 12th century. Ērgļu Jaunāķēni Cemetery was totally excavated in 1971-1972, when 89 burials were found. At Koknese Cemetery 102 burials from the Late Iron Age were uncovered (1986-1989). In the area of Gauja's Latgallians two cemeteries, Drabešu Liepiņas and Priekuļu Ģūģeri are well excavated too. Archaeological excavations have also carried out on the hillforts of Ķente, Koknese, Sārumkalns, Tanīskalns, as well as on other Latgalian sites. Only a few (Western) Latgalian settlements have been excavated; large scale excavations (1960s-1970s) and reconstruction has been done at the Āraiši lake dwelling site (9th century). In Latgale, since the 6th-7th centuries, there were flat cemeteries as well as barrow cemeteries, but in the 9th-10th century the transition started from flat graves to barrows. There are about 15 excavated Eastern Latgalian barrow cemeteries, but usually only a small number of barrows were investigated. Archaeologically identified living sites in Latgale include hill forts, settlements and lake dwellings. Among hillforts, well researched is Jersika Hillfort (excavated in 1939 and from 1990 onwards), forming complex together with Dignāja Hillfort, on the opposite bank of Daugava. Jersika was occupied in the 10th-14th century, probably after the decline of Dignāja, which had been inhabited since the 6th century. It is possible that ancestors of the so-called Eastern Latgalians migrated to territory of present-day Latgale in the 7th and 10th-11th centuries, pushed from their previously inhabited territory by Slavic migration; some archaeologists also believe, that the Eastern Latgalians formed from the most ancient East-Baltic inhabitants of Latvia, who lived in central and Eastern parts of Latvia just in the "Roman" Iron age (1th-4th centuries).
- Der Begriff Lettgallen als Volksbezeichnung kann sich auf die Bewohner der Region Lettgallen im östlichen Lettland im Allgemeinen, auf die ethnisch lettischen Bewohner dieser Region im Besonderen, im engsten Sinn auch nur auf die lettgallisch sprechenden Personen beziehen, oder aber den alten baltischen Volksstamm meinen. Im Lettischen bezeichnet latgalieši die ethnischen Letten aus Letgallen, während latgaļi den Stamm meint. Die Begriffe werden jedoch im umgangssprachlichen Lettisch durcheinander gebracht und einige lettgallische Nationalisten plädieren für die Verwendung des Begriffs latgali um die heute lettgallisch Sprechenden als eigenständiges Volk oder kulturelle Gruppe zu unterscheiden.
- Latgallit ovat latvialaisten heimo, jota joskus myös pidetään omana etnisenä ryhmänään. He ovat katolilaisia, kun taas muut latvialaiset ovat perinteisesti olleet luterilaisia. Latgallien kulttuuri kehittyi omaan suuntaansa aikana, jona he muista latvialaisista poiketen elivät osana Puola-Liettuaa. Latgallit puhuvat latgallia, jonka asema erillisenä kielenä tai latvian kielen murteena on kiistelty. Latvian valtio ei pidä latgalleja erillisenä etnisenä ryhmänä eikä heitä näin ollen ei lasketa erikseen väestönlaskennoissa. Latgalleiksi luokiteltavia ihmisiä arvioidaan olevan noin 150 000.
- Les Latgaliens sont un peuple balte établi en Latgale. Ils sont un des sous-groupe ethnique ayant formé le peuple letton.
- Il termine Latgalli si riferisce agli antichi abitanti della Latgallia, regione orientale dell'odierna Lettonia. In lingua lettone, latgalieši si riferisce all'etnia lettone della Latgallia, che si sviluppò separatamente dal resto delle etnia della Lettonia, tra il 1621 ed il 1917, mentre latgaļi si riferisce all'antica tribù, sebbene i due termini cominciano a confondersi nella lingua parlata lettone. In lingua latgallica, il termine latgalīši e quello latgali sono tradizionalmente sinonimi che indicano sia il popolo antico che quello odierno. Il termine latgalīši (in entrambi i significati) prevale soprattutto in letteratura e nel linguaggio dei mezzi di comunicazione durante le prime decadi del XX secolo, mentre il termine latgali è stato usato (sempre in ambedue i significati) a partire dagli anni '30. Dalla rinascita della cultura latgallica, i due termini coesistono felicemente per continuare ad indicare ambedue i medesimi significati.
- De benaming Letgallen of Lettigallen wordt meestal gebruikt voor een volk binnen oostelijk Letland in de gelijknamige historische regio Letgallen. Ze spreken een taal genaamd Letgaals, dat binnen Letland wordt gezien als een dialect van het Lets. De benaming kan slaan op alle inwoners van Letgallen, de Lets (waaronder Letgaals) sprekende inwoners van Letgallen of alleen op de Letgaals sprekende inwoners van Letgallen. Tenslotte kan het nog slaan op een prehistorische stam, die meestal wordt aangeduid als Lettigallen.
- Łatgalowie – w średniowieczu plemię bałtyckie zamieszkujące krainę historyczną Łatgalię (od których wzięła swoją nazwę) znajdującą się na terenie dzisiejszej Łotwy. Łatgalowie odegrali istotną rolę w etnogenezie narodu Łotewskiego, aczkolwiek nie ulegli całkowitej asymilacji i do dziś dnia zachowali pewną odrębność. Język łatgalski przetrwał do dziś dnia, posługuje się nim ok. 150 tys. osób.
- Латга́лы (лтш. latgaļi, letgaļi, leti, в русских источниках XI века летьгола и лотыгола) — балтская народность. Государственные образования латгальцев, 9-13 век Считается, что её название дало название всему латышскому народу (latvieši, латыши). Латгалы населяли восточную часть современной Латвии по правому берегу Даугавы. На западе граничили с ливами, на юге — с селами и земгалами, на востоке — с кривичами, на севере — с эстонцами. В X—XII веках у латгалов выделилась раннефеодальная знать. С раннефеодального периода латгалы распространились на территории ливов.
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- This article is about ancient Baltic people. For modern ethnic group of Latvians see Latgalians (modern). The term 'Latgalians' (also spelt 'Latgallians' and sometimes known as 'Lettigalls', 'Latgolans', or 'Lettigallians') can refer to the inhabitants of the Latgale region in eastern Latvia in general, the ethnic Latvians of Latgale (especially those who speak the Latgalian language), or to the ancient Baltic tribe. In English, the more archaic Lettigallians usually refers to the tribe.
- Der Begriff Lettgallen als Volksbezeichnung kann sich auf die Bewohner der Region Lettgallen im östlichen Lettland im Allgemeinen, auf die ethnisch lettischen Bewohner dieser Region im Besonderen, im engsten Sinn auch nur auf die lettgallisch sprechenden Personen beziehen, oder aber den alten baltischen Volksstamm meinen. Im Lettischen bezeichnet latgalieši die ethnischen Letten aus Letgallen, während latgaļi den Stamm meint.
- Latgallit ovat latvialaisten heimo, jota joskus myös pidetään omana etnisenä ryhmänään. He ovat katolilaisia, kun taas muut latvialaiset ovat perinteisesti olleet luterilaisia. Latgallien kulttuuri kehittyi omaan suuntaansa aikana, jona he muista latvialaisista poiketen elivät osana Puola-Liettuaa. Latgallit puhuvat latgallia, jonka asema erillisenä kielenä tai latvian kielen murteena on kiistelty.
- Les Latgaliens sont un peuple balte établi en Latgale. Ils sont un des sous-groupe ethnique ayant formé le peuple letton.
- Il termine Latgalli si riferisce agli antichi abitanti della Latgallia, regione orientale dell'odierna Lettonia. In lingua lettone, latgalieši si riferisce all'etnia lettone della Latgallia, che si sviluppò separatamente dal resto delle etnia della Lettonia, tra il 1621 ed il 1917, mentre latgaļi si riferisce all'antica tribù, sebbene i due termini cominciano a confondersi nella lingua parlata lettone.
- De benaming Letgallen of Lettigallen wordt meestal gebruikt voor een volk binnen oostelijk Letland in de gelijknamige historische regio Letgallen. Ze spreken een taal genaamd Letgaals, dat binnen Letland wordt gezien als een dialect van het Lets. De benaming kan slaan op alle inwoners van Letgallen, de Lets (waaronder Letgaals) sprekende inwoners van Letgallen of alleen op de Letgaals sprekende inwoners van Letgallen.
- Łatgalowie – w średniowieczu plemię bałtyckie zamieszkujące krainę historyczną Łatgalię (od których wzięła swoją nazwę) znajdującą się na terenie dzisiejszej Łotwy. Łatgalowie odegrali istotną rolę w etnogenezie narodu Łotewskiego, aczkolwiek nie ulegli całkowitej asymilacji i do dziś dnia zachowali pewną odrębność. Język łatgalski przetrwał do dziś dnia, posługuje się nim ok. 150 tys. osób.
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