Ethiopia has many indigenous languages (some 84 according to the Ethnologue, 77 according to the 1994 census), most of them Afro-Asiatic, as well as some that are Nilo-Saharan. Charles Ferguson proposed the Ethiopian Language Area, characterized by shared grammatical and phonological features (1976). This language area includes the Afro-Asiatic languages of Ethiopia, not the Nilo-Saharan languages. More recently, Mauro Tosco has questioned the validity of Ferguson's original proposal (2000).

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  • Ethiopia has many indigenous languages (some 84 according to the Ethnologue, 77 according to the 1994 census), most of them Afro-Asiatic, as well as some that are Nilo-Saharan. Charles Ferguson proposed the Ethiopian Language Area, characterized by shared grammatical and phonological features (1976). This language area includes the Afro-Asiatic languages of Ethiopia, not the Nilo-Saharan languages. More recently, Mauro Tosco has questioned the validity of Ferguson's original proposal (2000). There is still no unanimity among scholars on this point, but Tosco has at least weakened Ferguson's original claim. English is the most widely spoken foreign language and is the medium of instruction in secondary schools and universities. Amharic was the language of primary school instruction, but has been replaced in many areas by local languages such as Oromifa and Tigrinya. After the fall of the Derg regime in 1991, the new constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia granted all ethnic groups the right to develop their languages and to establish mother tongue primary education systems. This is a marked change to the language policies of previous governments in Ethiopia. Afro-Asiatic languages Ethiopian Semitic languages North Tigrinya language (also in Eritrea) Ge'ez language (extinct, liturgical) Tigre language (also in Eritrea) South Transverse Amharic language Argobba language Harari language East Gurage languages Silt'e language (Ulbareg, Inneqor) Wolane language Zay language Outersouth Gafat language (extinct) Soddo language Muher language Goggot language West Gurage languages Inor language Mesmes language (extinct) Mesqan language Chaha (Sebat Bet Gurage) Ezha language Gumer language Gura language Gyeto language Indegen language Iner language Cushitic Agaw languages Awngi language Kunfal language Qimant language Xamtanga language East Cushitic Afar language (also in Djibouti) Alaba language Arbore language Baiso language Bussa language Burji language Daasanach language (also in Kenya) Dirasha language Gawwada language Gedeo language Hadiyya language Kambaata language Konso language Libido language Oromo language (also in Kenya) Saho language (also in Eritrea) Sidamo language Somali language (also in Somalia) Tsamai language Omotic Aari language Anfillo language Bambassi language Basketo language Bench language Boro language, also called Shinasha Chara language Dime language Dizi language Dorze language Gamo-Gofa-Dawro Ganza language Hamer-Banna Hozo language Kachama-Ganjule language Kafa language Karo language Koorete language Male language Melo language Nayi language Oyda language Seze language Shekkacho language Sheko language Wolaytta language Yemsa language Zayse-Zergulla language Nilo-Saharan Anuak language (also in Sudan) Berta language Gumuz language Kacipo-Balesi language (also in Sudan) Komo language Kwama language Kwegu language Majang language Me'en language Murle (also in Sudan) Mursi language Nuer language (also in Sudan) Nyangatom language Opuuo language Shabo language Suri language Uduk language (also in Sudan) Unclassified Weyto language (extinct) Ongota (moribund; possibly Omotic or its own branch of Afro-Asiatic or not Afro-Asiatic at all) Rer Bare language (extinct, maybe Bantu)
  • Aari Dialekte: Gozza, Bako (Baco), Biyo (Bio), Galila, Laydo, Seyki, Shangama, Sido, Wubahamer (Ubamer), Zeddo. Aderi siehe Harari (unten) Afar Dialekte: Northern Afar, Central Afar, Aussa, Baadu (BaClassification: Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East, Saho-Afar Awngi Alaba Amharisch Dialekte : Addis Abeba, Shewa, Wollo, Gojjam, Gondar Anfillo Anyua Dialekte: Adoyo, Coro, Lul, Opëno. Arbore Argobba Dialekte: Aliyu Amba, Harar, Shonke Arabisch
  • L'Éthiopie a de nombreuses langues indigènes, les ethnologues en ayant recensé 84. La plupart d'entre elles sont afro-asiatiques, ou bien nilo-sahariennes.
  • Etiópiában több mint 80 nyelv él. Itt néhány példa van felsorolva:
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  • Ethiopia
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  • Ethiopia has many indigenous languages (some 84 according to the Ethnologue, 77 according to the 1994 census), most of them Afro-Asiatic, as well as some that are Nilo-Saharan. Charles Ferguson proposed the Ethiopian Language Area, characterized by shared grammatical and phonological features (1976). This language area includes the Afro-Asiatic languages of Ethiopia, not the Nilo-Saharan languages. More recently, Mauro Tosco has questioned the validity of Ferguson's original proposal (2000).
  • Aari Dialekte: Gozza, Bako (Baco), Biyo (Bio), Galila, Laydo, Seyki, Shangama, Sido, Wubahamer (Ubamer), Zeddo. Aderi siehe Harari (unten) Afar Dialekte: Northern Afar, Central Afar, Aussa, Baadu (BaClassification: Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East, Saho-Afar Awngi Alaba Amharisch Dialekte : Addis Abeba, Shewa, Wollo, Gojjam, Gondar Anfillo Anyua Dialekte: Adoyo, Coro, Lul, Opëno. Arbore Argobba Dialekte: Aliyu Amba, Harar, Shonke Arabisch
  • L'Éthiopie a de nombreuses langues indigènes, les ethnologues en ayant recensé 84. La plupart d'entre elles sont afro-asiatiques, ou bien nilo-sahariennes.
  • Etiópiában több mint 80 nyelv él. Itt néhány példa van felsorolva:
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  • Languages of Ethiopia
  • Liste der Sprachen von Äthiopien
  • Langues d'Éthiopie
  • Etiópia nyelvei
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