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- Kawi is a literary and prose language from the islands of Java, Bali, and Lombok, based on Old Javanese, language with a sizable vocabulary of Sanskrit loanwords. Kawi is the ancestor language of modern Javanese. The name "kawi" is derived from the root ku, which in Sanskrit means “poet,” and, in derived forms, a “wise, educated man. ” The syllabic meter of Kawi poetry, is sekar kawi, which means “flowers of the language,” sekar itself derived from the Sanskrit "sekhara" (“garland”. ) All Javanese languages are hierarchical and stratified, with strict social conventions for appropriate language subsets to be used for one's superiors or social and cultural functions. Kawi is commonly considered the pinnacle language. Kawi uses a unique script for writing commonly colloquially called hanacaraka, but the more correct term is "Dentawiyanjana" a syllabic alphabet consisting of 20 letters and ten numbers and a number of vowel and consonant modifiers. The script of island of Bali, heavily influenced by neighboring Java has a unique sub-form called Tulisan Bali. Prince Aji Caka (an Indian migrant) is credited with established the first known kingdom of Java, called Java Dvipa (Swarna Dvipa) and also introducing the Kawi language was and the twenty letters of the syllabic hanacaraka script. The Javanese also credit the language to Aji Saka, a legendary hero of Medang Kamulan Kingdom. The earliest known inscription of Kawi is found at Candhi Gunung Wukir, in Magelang, East Java, Indonesia. Kawi is not truly extinct as a spoken language, it is commonly used in wayanga golek, wayang wong and wayang kulit, in addition to usage in high ceremony such as Javanese wedding especially for the stylised meeting ritual of bride's parents with groom's parents in the ceremonies of Peningsetan and Panggih. Archaically or for certain nobles very strongly attached to tradition, it is used for the Midodareni, Siraman and Sungkeman ceremonies of the Javanese wedding. The island of Lombok has adopted Kawi as its regional language, reflecting the very strong influence of neighbouring East Java. Today it is taught in primary school education as part of the compulsory secondary language unit os National curriculum. Traditionally, Kawi is written on lontar prepared palm leaves. Kawi remains occasionally used as an archaic prose and literary language, in a similar fashion to Shakespeare-era English, which has such more aesthetically and arguably more cultivated pronouns among other words, such as thy, thee, hast and so forth. The first scholar to address Kawi in a serious academic manner was Humboldt, who considered it the father of all Malay-Polynesian languages. Furthermore, he deconstructed misconceptions about Aki being wholly influenced by Sanskrit finding that Kawi did not use inflexion to the verb, diverging from Sanskrit's highly developed inflectional system. In Kawi language, the meaning of a sentence must be grasped through word order and context. Humboldt further investigated that Kawi utilizes tense distinctions, with past, present, and future, and the differentiates moods via the imperative and subjunctive. There are many important literary works written in Kawi, most notably the National motto of Indonesia: "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" derived from Empu Tantular's epic poem, "Kakawin Sutasoma" . 2 Although often glibly translated as "Unity in Diversity", it is more correctly rendered as "[although] scattered, remaining [as] one- referring to the scattered islands of the archipelago nation, not as an expression of multicultural solidarity as may be perceived in modern times. A more modern work is the poem "Susila Budhi Dharma", by Muhammad Subuh Sumohadiwidjojo, the founder of Subud. In this work, he provides a framework for understanding the experience of the latihan kejiwaan.
- Le kawi ou vieux-javanais est la langue littéraire ancienne de Java en Indonésie. Son nom dérive de kavya, un genre poétique apparu au VIIe siècle dans les cours de l'Inde. Décrite par Wilhelm von Humboldt, en 1834, son étude lui a permis de lancer l'idée d'une famille des langues malayo-polynésiennes.
- Файл:Palmleaf of Kakawin Sutasoma from Java01. jpg 480px Кави (от санскрит. kavi, «поэт») — литературный язык островов Ява, Бали и Ломбок, основанный на старояванском языке, однако со значительным количеством заимствований из санскрита. Кави — предок современного яванского языка. Все языки острова Явы имели и имеют негласную иерархию и привязаны к определённым социальным слоям и сферам употребления. Кави играл роль языка с самым высоким социальным статусом. Кави использовал уникальную письменность (hanacaraka) или Dentawiyanjana) — из 20 знаков с добавочной диакритикой для обозначения гласных и 10 знаков для цифр. Кави нельзя считать в полной мере исчезнувшим языком. До настоящего времени он используется в церемониальных целях, прежде всего на яванских свадьбах. На острове Ломбок язык кави получил распространение как региональный язык. В настоящее время кави преподаётся на этом острове в средних школах как обязательный второй язык. По традиции, материалом для письменности кави служат пальмовые листья. Кави продолжает периодически использоваться как язык литературы в архаичном стиле, с весьма развитой системой личных местоимений. Первым учёным, всерьёз занявшимся изучением кави, был Гумбольдт, который рассматривал его как предка всех малайско-полинезийских языков.
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- Kawi is a literary and prose language from the islands of Java, Bali, and Lombok, based on Old Javanese, language with a sizable vocabulary of Sanskrit loanwords. Kawi is the ancestor language of modern Javanese. The name "kawi" is derived from the root ku, which in Sanskrit means “poet,” and, in derived forms, a “wise, educated man.
- Le kawi ou vieux-javanais est la langue littéraire ancienne de Java en Indonésie. Son nom dérive de kavya, un genre poétique apparu au VIIe siècle dans les cours de l'Inde. Décrite par Wilhelm von Humboldt, en 1834, son étude lui a permis de lancer l'idée d'une famille des langues malayo-polynésiennes.
- Файл:Palmleaf of Kakawin Sutasoma from Java01. jpg 480px Кави (от санскрит. kavi, «поэт») — литературный язык островов Ява, Бали и Ломбок, основанный на старояванском языке, однако со значительным количеством заимствований из санскрита. Кави — предок современного яванского языка.
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